Slave raiding
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Slave raiding is a military
The many alternative methods of obtaining human beings to work in
Reasons
Part of a series on |
Slavery |
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Slave raiding was a violent method of economic development where a resource shortage was addressed with the acquisition by force of the desired resource, in this case human labor. Other than the element of slavery being present, such violent seizure of a resource does not differ from similar raids to gain food or any other desired commodity.[citation needed]
Slave raiding was a large and lucrative trade on the coasts of
Methods
The act of slave raiding involves an organised and concerted attack on a
Historically
Vikings in Ireland
The Vikings raided the coastlines of Ireland for people, cattle and goods. High status captives were taken back to their community or families to be ransomed—this included bishops and kings. In the Annals of Ulster it is recorded that in 821 AD Howth, was raided and "a great booty of women was carried away".[3] By the tenth and eleventh centuries the Vikings had established slave markets in Ireland's major ports.[3] However, following political allegiances with the Vikings, the Irish Kings also took local captives to profit from these slave markets.[3] By the late tenth century, the Vikings began to suffer significant military defeats and the Irish Kings now seized captives from the defeated Viking armies and their captured towns, with the justification that the inhabitants were foreigners bearing the sins of their ancestors.[3]
Crimean–Nogai slave raids
The
Barbary pirates
European slaves were acquired by
West Africa
Raiding villages was also a method of capturing slaves in Africa, and accounted for the overwhelming majority of West African slaves.[7][2][8] While there was some slave raiding along the African coasts by Europeans, much of the raiding that took place was performed by other West Africans powers.[7] Gomes Eannes de Azurara, who witnessed a Portuguese raid noted that some captives drowned themselves, others hid in under their huts, and others hid their children among the seaweed.[7] Portuguese coastal raiders found that raiding was too costly and often ineffective and opted for established commercial relations.[8]
The increase in the demand for slaves due to the expansion of European colonial powers to the New World made the slave trade much more lucrative to the West African powers, leading to the establishment of a number of actual
Spanish in Chile
Although there was a general ban on enslavement of indigenous people by Spanish Crown, the 1598–1604
South African Republic and the Boer Republics
The practice of slavery and slave raiding also took place along the borders of the South African Republic by the Boers up until at least 1870.[18] West Transvaal Boers procured women and children as slaves and used them as domestic servants and plantation workers.[18] Boer slave raids in the South African Republic were regular and the number captured totaled in the thousands.[18] This is despite the prohibition of slavery north of the Vaal River under the 1852 Sand River Convention.[18]
See also
- Abduction
- Bride kidnapping
- Blackbirding
- Crimean-Nogai raids into East Slavic lands
- Turkish Abductions
- Shanghaiing
References
- ^ "West Africa". National Museums Liverpool. Retrieved 2022-04-25.
- ^ a b "Capture and Captives | Slavery and Remembrance". slaveryandremembrance.org. Retrieved 2022-04-25.
- ^ a b c d "The Viking slave trade: entrepreneurs or heathen slavers?". History Ireland. 2013-03-05. Retrieved 2022-04-25.
- ^ Slavery in the Black Sea Region, C.900–1900: Forms of Unfreedom at the Intersection Between Christianity and Islam. (2021). Nederländerna: Brill.
- ^ Rees Davies, "British Slaves on the Barbary Coast", BBC, 1 July 2003
- ISBN 978-0-333-71966-4.
- ^ a b c "Digital History". www.digitalhistory.uh.edu. Retrieved 2022-04-25.
- ^ a b "The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade · African Passages, Lowcountry Adaptations · Lowcountry Digital History Initiative". ldhi.library.cofc.edu. Retrieved 2022-04-25.
- ISBN 978-0-8122-0637-1
- ISBN 978-1-118-45507-4
- ^ Lovejoy, Paul E. (2012). Transformations of Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa. London: Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Bortolot, Alexander Ives (October 2003). "The Transatlantic Slave Trade". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
- ^ a b Valenzuela Márquez 2009, p. 231–233
- ^ Foerster 1993, p. 21.
- ^ a b Valenzuela Márquez 2009, pp. 234–236
- ^ Barros Arana 2000, p. 348.
- ^ Barros Arana 2000, p. 349.
- ^ JSTOR 3601632.
Bibliography
- Barros Arana, Diego. Historia general de Chile (in Spanish). Vol. Tomo cuarto (Digital edition based on the second edition of 2000 ed.). Alicante: Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes.
- Foerster, Rolf (1993). Introducción a la religiosidad mapuche (in Spanish). Editorial Universitaria.
- Valenzuela Márquez, Jaime (2009). "Esclavos mapuches. Para una historia del secuestro y deportación de indígenas en la colonia". In Gaune, Rafael; Lara, Martín (eds.). Historias de racismo y discriminación en Chile (in Spanish).