Slavery on the Barbary Coast
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Slavery on the Barbary Coast refers to the enslavement of people taken captive by the
According to Robert Davis, author of
From bases on the
Barbary wars
Commercial ships from the
This new military presence helped stiffen American resolve to resist the continuation of tribute payments, leading to the two Barbary Wars along the North African coast: the First Barbary War from 1801 to 1805 and the Second Barbary War in 1815.[3] Payments of ransom and tribute to the Barbary states were 20% of United States government annual revenues in 1800.[4] It was not until 1815 that naval victories ended tribute payments by the United States. Some European nations continued annual payments until the 1830s.[5] The white slave trade and slave markets in the Mediterranean gradually declined and eventually disappeared after European occupations.[6]
Slave narratives
In comparison to North American and Caribbean slave narratives, the
Narratives that focused on the central themes of freedom and liberty drew inspiration from the American Revolution. Since surving narratives include recurrences of certain themes and quote each other, some scholars believe that accounts were derivative of prior narratives.[7]
Examples include:
- Horrors of slavery: or, The American tars in Tripoli, by Ray William, 1808[8]
- ISBN 9781092289818.
- A True and Faithful Account of the Religion and Manners of the Mahometans by Joseph Pitts (1663–1735) Pitts was captured as a boy aged 14 by Barbary pirates while fishing off Newfoundland. His sale as a slave and his life under three different masters in North Africa, and his travels to Mecca are described.
- Tyrkja-Gudda, Símonardóttir was abducted from her home in Iceland by Barbary pirates in 1627
- Thomas Pellow, The History of the Long Captivity and Adventures of Thomas Pellow, In South Barbary, 1740
- A Journal of the Captivity and Suffering of John Foss; Several Years a Prisoner in Algiers, 1798[9]
- History of the Captivity and Sufferings of Mrs Maria Martin who was six years a slave in Algiers 1812[10]
- Captain James Riley, Sufferings in Africa, 1815
- The Narrative of Robert Adams, An American Sailor who was wrecked on the West Coast of Africa in the year 1810 and was detained three years in slavery by the Arabs of the great desert, 1817
- Ottoman Algeria
See also
References
- ^ "When Europeans Were Slaves: Research Suggests White Slavery Was Much More Common Than Previously Believed". news.osu.edu. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University. 7 March 2004. Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ Davies, Rees (1 July 2003). "British History in depth: British Slaves on the Barbary Coast". www.bbc.co.uk. BBC. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ a b The Mariners' Museum: The Barbary Wars, 1801-1805
- ^ Oren, Michael B. (2005-11-03). "The Middle East and the Making of the United States, 1776 to 1815". Retrieved 2007-02-18.
- ^ Richard Leiby, "Terrorists by Another Name: The Barbary Pirates", The Washington Post, October 15, 2001
- ^ The Cambridge World History of Slavery: Volume 3, AD 1420–AD 1804
- .
- ^ William, Ray (1808). "Horrors of slavery: or, The American tars in Tripoli. Containing an account of the loss and capture of the United States frigate Philadelphia; treatment and sufferings of the prisoners". lib.umich.edu. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ISBN 9780199273157.
- ^ Martin, Maria (1812). History of the captivity and sufferings of Maria Martin, who was six years a slave in Algiers. To which is added a concise history of Algiers.
External links
- Carroll, Rory (2004-03-11). "New book reopens old arguments about slave raids on Europe". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-12-11.