List of early Slavic peoples

West Slavs

• Veneti / Wends Lechitic ancestors of West Slavs; some were also the ancestors of part of South Slavs
  • Czech–Moravian-Slovak group
    • Bohemians (Čechové), tribal confederation, in Bohemia, Czech Republic. Ancestors of Czechs
      • Berunzani (a Slavic Bohemian tribe, Chekhove, of West Bohemia)
      • Čechové (Bohemian Slavs proper), also known as Pragani (Fraganeo), the tribe that lived in the Prague and Central Bohemian
        regions
      • Děčané, in Děčín
        region, Czech Republic
      • Dudlebi (Doudlebi / Doudlebové) (Bohemian Dulebes), a group of Dulebes assimilated as a Slavic Bohemian or Czech tribe. (they lived in most of the southern half of Bohemia)
      • Khébané (Chébané / Hbané)
      • Khodove (Chodové) ("Walkers", "Patrollers" or "Rangers") (formed from recruited people originating in the western Carpathian Mountains) (in Tuhošt' Land)
      • Litoměřici or Lutomerizi, in the Czech lands from the sixth century (they lived in the Litoměřice
        region)
      • Luchane / Luchani / Lutsane (Lučané)
      • Lemuzi
      • Lupiglai
      • Pshovane (Pšované) / Besunzane (Bežunčani)
      • Sedlichane (Sedličané / Sedlčané)
      • Volynyane, a group of Volhynians (Volhynian Buzhans) assimilated as a Slavic Bohemian or Czech tribe. Volhynians are ancestors of Poles, Czechs and modern day Ukrainians.
      • White Serbs
      • Zlicans (Zlitsans) / Zlichane (Zličané), in Bohemia (Czech). Ancestors of Czechs and possibly Poles.
    • Morava river valley, east Serbia, that migrated south of the Danube and were assimilated by South Slavs
      .
      • Ganátsi / Hanátsi (Hanáci)
      • Golasitsi / Holasitsi (Holasici)
      • Gorátsi / Horátsi (Horáci)
      • (Podyjští Moravané)
    • Slovaks* (more appropriately Sloveni^[15] for time period of this article), also called Nitran Slavs / Váh Slavs / Hungarian Slavs / Moravian Slovenes^[16] / Sloväni / Slověniny), tribal confederation, in Slovakia and northern parts of Hungary, possibly western Hungary as well. Ancestors of Slovaks, mayhaps were part of broader Slavic group sharing the same name (notice similarities with the south Slavic Slovenians). Sometimes referred to as Slovieni,^[17] although this word is generally incorrect, being a contracted term from 19th century.^[18] Note: While today the male member of Slovak nation is called Slovák, the original name for such person would be approx. Sloven.^[19] This is evident from the endonym of the country (Slovensko), and also the name for Slovak female (Slovenka) or language (slovenský jazyk). This change, purely linguistical, occurred starting in 14th century, applying the newer suffix -ák/-ak/-iak to the stem word Slov. This change most likely originated in neighbouring Bohemia, which is probably the reason why it never completely permeated Slovak language (compared to the Moravian region of Slovácko, so called Moravian Slovakia).
  • Lechites (Lechitic group) Lechitic tribes are ancestors of Poles/Polish people, Lechia was the pre-Christian anme of Poland. Polish language as well as Sorbian, Polabian, Silesian, Lusatian, Pomeranian, Kashubians and many other dialects are part of the Lechitic group of languages.
    • Polish tribes
      • Lendians, in east Lesser Poland and Red Ruthenia (Poland and Ukraine). Ancestors of Poles
      • Masovians, tribal confederation, in Mazovia, Poland. Ancestors of Poles
      • Polans (western), tribal confederation, in Greater Poland, Poland. Ancestors of Poles.
      • Silesians / Silezane / Slezane (Ślężanie) Lęchitic tribę, Poland. Ancestors of Poles.
        • Besunzane / Bezunchane (Bieżuńczanie)
        • Bobrzanie
          )
        • Dziadoszanie) / Dadosesani
        • Golęszyce
          )
        • Lubushane (Lubuszanie)
        • Lupiglaa (in today's Głubczyce region)
        • Opolini (Opolanie
          Lechitic tribe
        • Ślężanie
          )
        • Tryebovane (Trzebowianie)
      • Vistulans, in Lesser Poland, tribal confederation, Poland. Ancestors of Poles
    • Poles, Kashubians, Slovincians
      , modern-day Germans.
      • Kuyavian-Pomeranian, Poland. Ancestors of Poles
      • Kashubians, in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
      • Pyrzyczanie
        ), in Pomerania, Poland. Ancestors of Poles
      • Łebsko near Słupsk in Pomerania
        , ancestors of Poles.
      • Uelunzani, on Wolin
        island, Pomerania, Poland. Ancestors of Poles
    • Wends also spelled as Wenedi, Veneti, Vendi, Vindi, Vinden
    • Polabians Lechitic tribe
      • Northern Polabians
        ), Lechitic tribes in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, modern-day Germany.
        • Lutici, Lechitic tribal confederation, northeastern region of modern-day Germany.
          • Bethenici (Bethenzi or Bechelenzi)
          • Doshane
          • Lutici
            • Circipane, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, modrn-day Germany.
            • Kessinians, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
            • Redarians
              , ncstrors of Poles
            • Tollensians, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, ancestors of Poles and some Germans
          • Hevelli (Havolane), in Brandenburg, by river Havel, anctstors of Poles, Swiss and some Germans
            • Smeldingi
          • Morizani / Morichane
          • Rujani
            , on Lechitic tribes on Rugia/Rügen island.
          • Sprevane, by river Spree.
          • Stodorane (Lutici Stodorane)
          • Ukrani, in Uckermark and Vorpommern-Greifswald
        • Northern Polabians
          )
          • Belesem / Byelozem = "White Earth" or "White Earth Tribe", they lived scattered in Oster Walde / Osterwalde - "Eastern Woods" in the Old Mainland Saxon view, west banks of the Elbe river
          • Hanoverian Wendland
            , Lechitic tribes in modern -day Germany)
          • Linones, in the region around Lenzen.
          • Lipani, tribe that lived scattered in the west banks of the Elbe river
          • Wismar Bay to Lake Schwerin
            ).
          • Polabians proper, in modern-day eastern Schleswig-Holstein area.
          • Travjane east of the Trave.
          • Wagrians (the eastern Holstein as part of Saxony
            ).
          • Warnower in (the upper Warnow and Mildenitz
            ).
      • Southern Polabians), in Saxony and Lower Lusatia. Ancestors of Poles, and Sorbs, and part of the tribal groups that migrated towards southeast and south of the Danube are the ancestors of Serbs
        .
        • Elbe Serbs
          )
          • Sorbs / Old Sorbs (Srbove), tribal confederation, roughly in Southern Brandenburg, East Saxony-Anhalt (east of the Saale river) and Upper Saxony, roughly in the east of the Middle Elbe river basin.
            • Khutitsi
            • Lusatians-Milceni
              • Lusatians, in Lower Lusatia. Ancestors of Sorbs (Modern Sorbs) in Lower Lusatia.
              • Milchane (Milčané) / Milceni / Milzeni, in Upper Lusatia, and in an area of far north Bohemia. Ancestors of Sorbs (Modern Sorbs) in Upper Lusatia.
            • Moinwinidi
            • Nishane
            • Nizitsi
            • Polabian Serbs proper (Sorbs Serbs or Srbi), they gave the name to the tribal confederation (Srbove).
            • White Croats, originally in Southern Poland by the 5th c. migrated to the Southern Europe, ancestors of Croats.

South Slavs

Pannonian Plain, the Antes came from the steppe between the Dniester and the Dnieper, penetrating into the Balkans throuhgh Transylvania or, alternatively, the mouth of the Danube.^[20]

A number of historians have attributed the early split between

White Serb confederation is generally thought to be the ancestor of both Western Slavic Sorbs and South Slavic Serbs, while the Dunabian Abodriti, also known as Praedenecenti, are generally associated with the Polabian Obotrites.^[22]

The same is true for Antes and Eastern South Slavs. For example, part of the East Slavic Severians are known to have migrated to present-day northeastern Bulgaria, becoming foederati of the First Bulgarian Empire under the name Severi, while some Pripyat Dregoviches are assumed to have migrated to the valley of the Vardar, establishing themselves as the Drougoubitai.^[23] The Seven Slavic tribes are also hypothesized to be Antes hailing from the lands of modern Ukraine, but missing records of their tribal names makes the hypothesis unverifiable.

Therefore, it has been suggested that the ancestors of medieval Serbs and Croatians were the

Antes.^[24] Nevertheless, there must have been substantial overlap between Sclaveni and Antes, especially in contact zones. For example, the exact origin of White Croats is still shrouded in mystery. Some scholars consider them be an Antes tribal polity that migrated to Galicia in the 3rd–4th century,^[25][26][27] while others regard them as early Sclaveni or as a mixture of both Antes and Sclaveni.^[28]

Nevertheless, South Slavs over time evolved into a new Slavic ethnolinguistic group. This phenomenon was accentuated by the

Pannonian Plain, which severed the contiguous land or territory between West and South Slavs (in the Middle Danube

river basin) and contact between both of them, contributing to greater differentiation.

• Sclaveni / Slavini (common ancestors of most Western South Slavs)
  • West South Slavic group
    • Upper Drina on the east and Upper Vrbas on the west.^[29] Ancestors of Bosniaks and Bosnians. Theories of them being descended from the Buzhans exist.^[30]
    • Braničevci / Braniches, in eastern Serbia
    • Carantanians / Carniolan Slavs / Old Slovenes / Southern Slovene (Sloventsi), tribal confederation, in Austria and Slovenia. Ancestors of Slovenes (particularly Carinthian Slovenes). They descend in part from Nitran Slavs (Northern Slovenes) that were also partial ancestors of modern Slovaks.
      • Dudleipa (may have been a branch of the Dulebes)
      • Duliebi (may have been a branch of the Dulebes)
      • Stodorane (Caranthanian Stodorane)
      • Susili
    • Docleani / Diokletlians, in southern Montenegro (see also Tribes of Montenegro)
    • Guduscani, in Lika, Croatia
    • Kanalites, in southern Dalmatia
    • Morava river, eastern Serbia. They descend from Moravian / Merehani
      tribal groups that migrated south of the Danube and over time differentiate themselves and were assimilated into South Slavs.
    • Neretvians, in southern Dalmatia
    • Magyars
      after they settled in Hungary.
      • Pannonian Dulebes
      • Sava Slavs, roughly in the plain between the
        Mura
        rivers. Ancestors of part of Croats.
    • Abodriti / Obotrites
      tribal groups that migrated south of the Danube and over time differentiate themselves and were assimilated into South Slavs.
    • Timočani, in eastern Serbia
    • Terbunians, in Herzegovina and western Montenegro
    • White Croats, in Western Ukraine, Lesser Poland and Bohemia, ancestors of Croats
      • Croats
    • White Serbs / Sorbs, in Lower Lusatia, Germany. Ancestors of Sorbs and Serbs
      • Serbs
    • Zachlumians, in southern Dalmatia
• Antes (common ancestors of most Eastern South Slavs
  )
  • East South Slavic group
    • Berziti / Bersites, in Ohrid, North Macedonia
    • Greek Macedonia
    • Rhodopes, along the Mesta river and around Dospat
    • Milcovci / Miltsovtsi
    • Seven Slavic tribes (or Seven Slavic Clans) (Heptaradici / Eptaradici - "Seven Roots"?), tribal confederation, in northern Bulgaria and Southern Romania that formed the basis of the Slavic Bulgarians (after later being conquered by the Turkic origin Bulgars that formed much of the Aristocracy and led to the name change of the people and language)
      • Unknown tribes (unknown names)
    • Severians, in Dobrudja, / Severes / Severi (Balkan Severians), northeast Bulgaria and Southeastern Romania, the Severians were an East Slavic tribe, part of the tribal groups that migrated southward and southwestward and formed a union with the Seven Slavic tribes (to form the Slavic Bulgarians) and over time differentiate themselves and were assimilated into South Slavs.
    • Presian I of Bulgaria, their territory was annexed by the First Bulgarian Empire
      . Their name is not mentioned after the mid 800s, which suggests assimilation into Slavic Bulgarians
    • Strymonites, along the Struma river in southwestern Bulgaria and the adjoining part of northern Greece. Annexed by the First Bulgarian Empire in 840. They were last mentioned in 904 in connection with the Sack of Thessaloniki by the Arabs and were therefore most likely assimilated into Slavic Bulgarians
    • Sklavenoi /
      Greek Macedonia
      )
      • Macedonia, later migrated to Epirus/South Albania (Vagenetia
        )
      • Belegezites / Velegezites, in Thessaly
      • Erezitai, in the Peloponnese
      • Melingoi, in the Peloponnese
      • Rhodopes
        .
      • Greek Macedonia

Unclassified Slavs

• Sittici / Zhytychi / Zuireani?^[31]
• Zerivani / Zeriuani / Zeruiani^[32] (same as the Chervyani? Severians? Drevlians? Unlikely, Chervyani, Severians and Drevlians can not be the same tribe, because in Slavic languages: Chervyani - red ones (Red Croats), Severians - northern ones, Drevlians - wood people)
• Znetalici

Possible Slavs

Unclassified

• Miloxi
• Uerizane / Verizane
• Brodnici

Slavs or Balts

• Neuri / Navari (a people mentioned by Herodotus)

Slavs, Balts or Finnic

• Budini
• Vends (Livonia)

Slavs or Romance peoples

• Bolokhovens (East Slavic tribe or Valachians
  ? the similar name to Valachians could have been only coincidental)

Slavs or Turkics

• Sabirs (possibly Turkic)^[33]

Mixed

• Pannonian Slavs and Byzantine Christians from Syrmia led by the Bulgar (khan) Kuber,^[34][35] who unsuccessfully tried to seize Thessaloniki and then settled in the Keramisian field (a corruption of "Sermesian", i.e., of Sirmium), most likely the Pelagonia plain in North Macedonia, in 680. Since treasures attributed to them have been found at Vrap and Ersekë in Eastern Albania,^[36] the Sermesianoi are hypothesized to have migrated west following Byzantine emperor Leo III the Isaurian
  's campaigns against them in the early 700s.

Unclassified peoples or tribes

Mentioned by

Baltic

Indo-European

• Yatvingians)^[37]

Mentioned by Bavarian Geographer and possibly Iranian Indo-European

• Lucolane / Lucolani (possibly Alan Sarmatian Iranians)^[38]
• Serauici / Seravici (possibly Alan Sarmatian Iranians)^[39]

Mentioned by Bavarian Geographer and possibly Turkic

• Attorozi (possibly Turkic)^[40]
• Aturezani (possibly Turkic)^[41]
• Chozirozi / Caziri (possibly the Khazars)^[42]
• Uuilerozi / Vilerozi / Bilerozi (possibly Turkic)^[43]

Mentioned by Bavarian Geographer and possibly Uralic

• Merya?)^[44]

Mentioned by Bavarian Geographer and Unknown

• Thadesi

See also

• Slavic peoples
• Slavic languages
• Ethnic group
• Tribe
• Outline of Slavic history and culture

Sources

• Adams, Douglas Q. (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.
  ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5
• Barford, Paul M (2001), The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe, Cornell University Press,
  ISBN 0-8014-3977-9
• Gimbutas, Marija Alseikaitė (1971), The Slavs, Thames and Hudson,
  ISBN 0-500-02072-8
• Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.

References

1. ISBN 978-0-691-14818-2
2. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5
   .
3. ^ Tarasov I. The Balts in the Migration Period. P. I. Galindians, p. 97
4. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5
   .
5. ISBN 978-0-691-14818-2
6. ^ "Land and People, p.23" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 26, 2007. Retrieved July 30, 2005.
7. ^ Tarasov I. The balts in the Migration Period. P. I. Galindians, p. 97
8. ^ Gimbutas, Marija (1963). The Balts. London : Thames and Hudson, Ancient peoples and places 33.
9. Oscar Halecki
   . (1952). Borderlands of Western Civilization. New York: Ronald Press Company. pp. 45-46
10. ^ Joachim Lelewel (1852). Géographie du moyen âge. Vol. 3–4. Ve et J. Pilleit. p. 43.
11. ^ Johann Kaspar Zeuss (1837). Die Deutschen und die Nachbarstämme. Ignaz Joseph Lentner. p. 615.
12. ^ Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.
13. ^ Синиця, Є.В. "ХОРВАТИ". Encyclopedia of Ukrainian History (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 5 July 2019. They are often unreasonably also called "White Croats". This is due to the fact that East Europe Croats is mistakenly identified with "Croats White" (mentioned in the undated part of "The Tale of Bygone Years" in the same row with Serbs and Chorutans)
14. ISBN 9781442697287
    .
15. ^ "Fvs:Sloveni". dai.fmph.uniba.sk. Retrieved 2021-08-13.
16. ^ "Bavorský geograf – prvá písomná zmienka o Nitrianskych Slovenoch". Retrieved 2021-08-13.
17. ^ "KULTURA - Dvojtýždenník závislý od etiky". 2007-11-16. Archived from the original on 2007-11-16. Retrieved 2020-09-09.
18. ^ "KULTURA - Dvojtýždenník závislý od etiky". 2007-11-16. Archived from the original on 2007-11-16. Retrieved 2021-08-13.
19. ^ Marek, Miloš (13 August 2021). "Národnosti Uhorska" (PDF).
20. ISBN 978-0-8020-7820-9
    .
21. ISBN 978-2-503-53125-0
    .
22. ISBN 978-0-521-89452-4
    .
23. ISBN 9780472081493
    .
24. ISBN 0472025600. Archived
    from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
25. ^ Gluhak, Alemko (1990). Porijeklo imena Hrvat [Origin of the name Croat] (in Croatian). Zagreb, Čakovec: Alemko Gluhak. pp. 115–116.
26. ISBN 953-7029-03-4
    .
27. ISBN 978-86-6263-026-1
    .
28. ISBN 978-953-6928-26-2
    .
29. ^ Marko Vego (1982). "Postanak imena Bosna". Postanak srednjovjekovne bosanske države (in Croatian). Svjetlost. p. 20. Retrieved 13 April 2021. Čvrsto sam ubijeđen, na temelju topografije, da je u pradomovrni stanovnika Bosne postojalo, živjelo ime Bosna i kao takvo zabilježeno u izvorima ili je ostalo u toponimima na terenu. Zato nije bilo teško jakom i mnogobrojnom plemenu Bosna da pri dolasku u centralnu Bosnu potisne staro predslavensko ime ili imena na području Gornje Bosne i ujedini srodna slavenska plemena i rodove pod jednim imenom Bosna i za oznaku rijeke Bosne.
30. ^ Hadžijahić, Muhamed (2004). POVIJEST BOSNE U IX I X STOLJEĆU (in Bosnian). pp. 164, 165.
31. ^ Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.
32. ^ Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.
33. ^ Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.
34. ISBN 9781139428880
    .
35. ISBN 0-472-08149-7
    .
36. ISBN 9989-649-08-1
    .
37. ^ Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.
38. ^ Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.
39. ^ Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.
40. ^ Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.
41. ^ Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.
42. ^ Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.
43. ^ Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.
44. ^ Koncha, S. (2012). Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.

External links

• First Slavic Tribes www.youtube.com