Snowdonia
Snowdonia | |
---|---|
Eryri (Welsh) | |
Highest point | |
Peak | Snowdon |
Elevation | 1,085m (3,560ft) |
Coordinates | 53°4′6.59″N 4°4′34.43″W / 53.0684972°N 4.0762306°W |
Dimensions | |
Area | 2,130 km2 (820 sq mi)(national park) |
Geography | |
Location | Dyfi Hills |
Geology | |
Orogeny | Caledonian |
Age of rock | Cambrian and Ordovician |
Type of rock | |
Snowdonia National Park Eryri National Park Parc Cenedlaethol Eryri (Welsh) | |
IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape)[1] | |
Location | Conwy & Gwynedd (Wales) |
Coordinates | 52°54′N 3°51′W / 52.900°N 3.850°W |
Area | 823 sq mi (2,130 km2) |
Established | 1951 |
Governing body | Snowdonia National Park Authority |
Website | snowdonia |
Snowdonia, or Eryri (pronounced [ɛrəri] ⓘ), is a mountainous region and national park in North Wales. It contains all 15 mountains in Wales over 3000 feet high, including the country's highest, Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa), which is 1,085 metres (3,560 ft) tall. These peaks are all part of the Snowdon, Glyderau, and Carneddau ranges in the north of the region. The shorter Moelwynion and Moel Hebog ranges lie immediately to the south.
The national park has an area of 823 square miles (2,130 km2) (the fourth-largest in the UK), and covers most of central and southern Gwynedd and the western part of Conwy County Borough. This is much larger than the area traditionally considered Snowdonia, and in addition to the five ranges above includes the Rhinogydd, Cadair Idris, and Aran ranges and the Dyfi Hills. It also includes most of the coast between Porthmadog and Aberdyfi. The park was the first of the three national parks of Wales to be designated, in October 1951, and the third in the UK after the Peak District and Lake District, which were established in April and May 1951 respectively. The park received 3.89 million visitors in 2015.[2]
Toponymy
The name Snowdon means 'snow hill' and is derived from the Old English elements snāw and dūn, the latter meaning 'hill'.[3] Snowdonia is simply taken from the name of the mountain.[4]
The origins of Eryri are less clear. Two popular interpretations are that the name is related to eryr, 'eagle', and that it means 'highlands' and is related to the Latin oriri ('to rise'). Although eryri is not any direct form of the word eryr in the meaning 'eagle', it is a plural form of eryr in the meaning 'upland'.[5][6][7][8]
Extent
Before the boundaries of the national park were designated, "Snowdonia" was generally used to refer to a smaller upland area of northern Gwynedd centred on the Snowdon massif. The national park covers an area more than twice that size, extending south into the Meirionnydd area.
This difference is apparent in books published before 1951. In
National park
Snowdonia National Park, also known as Eryri National Park in English and Parc Cenedlaethol Eryri in Welsh, was established in October 1951. It was the third national park in the United Kingdom, following the Peak District and Lake District in April and May of the same year. It covers 827 square miles (2,140 km2) in the counties of Gwynedd and Conwy, and has 37 miles (60 km) of coastline.[12][13]
The park is governed by the Snowdonia
The park authority used Snowdonia and Snowdon when referring to the national park and mountain in English until February 2023, when it resolved to primarily use the Welsh names, Eryri and Yr Wyddfa. There will be a transitional period of approximately two years in which the authority will continue to use the English names in parentheses — for example "Yr Wyddfa (Snowdon)" — where the context requires.[16][17]
Unlike national parks in other countries, national parks in the UK are made up of both public and private lands under a central planning authority. The makeup of land ownership in the national park is as follows:
Ownership type | Share (%) |
---|---|
Private | 69.9 |
National Trust | 8.9 |
National Park Authority | 1.2 |
Natural Resources Wales | 17.5 |
Water companies | 0.9 |
Other | 1.6 |
More than 26,000 people live within the park, of whom 58.6% could speak Welsh in 2011.[18] While most of the land is either open or mountainous land, there is a significant amount of agricultural activity within the park.
The national park does not include the town of
Geology
The geology of Snowdonia is key to the area's character.
Geography
Mountains
The principal ranges of the traditional Snowdonia are the
Snowdon's summit at 1085 metres (3560 feet) is the highest in Wales and the highest in Britain south of the Scottish Highlands. At 905 metres (2970 feet) Aran Fawddwy is the highest in Wales outside of northern Snowdonia; Cadair Idris, at 893 metres (2930 feet), is next in line.
Rivers and lakes
Rivers draining the area empty directly into
There are two large wholly man-made bodies of water in the area, Llyn Celyn and Llyn Trawsfynydd whilst numerous of the natural lakes have had their levels artificially raised to different degrees. Marchlyn Mawr reservoir and Ffestiniog Power Station's Llyn Stwlan are two cases where natural tarns have been dammed as part of pumped storage hydro-electric schemes.[23] A fuller list of the lakes within the area is found at
Coast
The national park meets the
Settlements
There are only three towns within the park boundary, though there are several more immediately beyond it.
There are numerous smaller settlements within the national park: prominent amongst these are the eastern 'gateway' village of Betws-y-Coed, Aberdyfi on the Dovey (Dyfi) estuary and the small village of Beddgelert each of which attract large numbers of visitors. Other sizeable villages are Llanuwchllyn at the southwest end of Bala Lake (Llyn Tegid), Dyffryn Ardudwy, Corris, Trawsfynydd, Llanbedr, Trefriw and Dolwyddelan.
Transport
Roads
Six
Railways
- The double track North Wales Coast Line passes along the northern boundary of the park between Conwy and Bangor, briefly entering it at Penmaen-bach Point, where it is in tunnel. Stations serve the communities of Conwy, Penmaenmawr, Llanfairfechan and Bangor.
- The single-track Conwy Valley Line runs south from Llandudno Junction, and enters the park north of Betws-y-coed, which is served by a station, then continues west up the Lledr valley by way of further stations at Pont-y-pant, Dolwyddelan and Roman Bridge. After passing through a tunnel, the passenger line now terminates at Blaenau Ffestiniog railway station, where it connects with the Ffestiniog Railway.
- Before 1961 the route continued as the former route along the Dee valley which ran southwest via Dolgellau to join the still extant coastal Cambrian Linesouth of Barmouth.
- The Pwllheli branch of the Cambrian Line splits from the Aberystwyth branch at Dovey Junction and continues northwards via stations at Aberdovey, Tywyn, Tonfanau, Llwyngwril, Fairbourne and Morfa Mawddach to Barmouth where it crosses the Mawddach estuary by the Grade II* listed wooden Barmouth Bridge, a structure which also provides for walkers and cyclists. Continuing northwards, further stations serve Llanaber, Tal-y-bont, Dyffryn Ardudwy, Llanbedr, Pensarn and Llandanwg before reaching Harlech. Tygwyn, Talsarnau and Llandecwyn stations are the last before the line exits the park as it crosses the Dwyryd estuary via Pont Briwet and turns westwards bound for Pwllheli via Penrhyndeudraeth, Porthmadog and Criccieth.
Many sections of dismantled railway are now used by walking and cycling routes and are described elsewhere. The Bala Lake Railway is a heritage railway which has been established along a section of the former mainline route between Bala and Llanuwchllyn. Other heritage railways occupy sections of former mineral lines, often narrow gauge and are described in a separate section.
Buses
The national park is served by a growing bus network, branded Sherpa'r Wyddfa (formerly Snowdon Sherpa). Together with the TrawsCymru network of buses this provides a car-free option to tourists and locals wishing to travel across the National Park.
The network was relaunched in July 2022 with a new brand, Sherpa'r Wyddfa, to reflect the National Park's new push for the promotion of Welsh place names. As such the publicity and websites for the newly branded service only use these Welsh names, even for English language users.
Climate
Snowdonia is one of the wettest parts of the United Kingdom; Crib Goch in Snowdonia is the wettest spot in the United Kingdom, with an average rainfall of 4,473 millimetres (176.1 in) a year over the 30-year period prior to the mid-2000s.[33][34] (There is a rainfall gauge at 713 metres, 2340 feet on the slopes below Crib Goch.)[35]
History
The earliest evidence for human occupation of the area dates from around 4000–3000 BC with extensive traces of prehistoric field systems evident in the landscape. Within these are traces of irregular enclosures and hut circles. There are burial chambers of Neolithic and Bronze Age such as Bryn Cader Faner and Iron Age hillforts such as Bryn y Castell near Ffestiniog.[36]
The region was finally conquered by the Romans by AD 77–78. Remains of Roman marching camps and practice camps are evident. There was a Roman fort and amphitheatre at Tomen y Mur. Roads are known to have connected with Segontium (Caernarfon) and Deva Victrix (Chester) and include the northern reaches of Sarn Helen.[37]
There are numerous memorial stones of
The 18th century saw the start of industrial exploitation of the area's resources, assisted by the appearance in the late part of the century of turnpike trusts making it more accessible. The engineer Thomas Telford left a legacy of road and railway construction in and around Snowdonia. A new harbour at Porthmadog linked to slate quarries at Ffestiniog via a narrow gauge railway. At its peak in the 19th century the slate industry employed around 12,000 men. A further 1000 were employed in stone quarrying at Graiglwyd and Penmaenmawr. Mining for copper, iron and gold was undertaken during the 18th and 19th centuries, leaving a legacy of mine and mill ruins today.[39] Ruins of the gold industry are found at Cefn Coch on the Dolmelynllyn estate.[40]
The Snowdonia Society is a registered charity formed in 1967; it is a voluntary group of people with an interest in the area and its protection.
Natural history
The park's entire coastline is a Special Area of Conservation, which runs from the Llŷn Peninsula down the mid-Wales coast, the latter containing valuable sand dune systems.
The park's natural forests are of the mixed
Flora
Northern Snowdonia is the only place in Britain where the
One of the major problems facing the park in recent years has been the growth of Rhododendron ponticum.[42] This fast-growing invasive species has a tendency to take over and stifle native species. It can form massive towering growths and has a companion fungus that grows on its roots producing toxins that are poisonous to any local flora and fauna for a seven-year period after the Rhododendron infestations have been eradicated. As a result, there are a number of desolate landscapes.
Fauna
Mammals in the park include
Conservation designations
Snowdonia has a particularly high number of protected sites in respect of its diverse ecology; nearly 20% of its total area is protected by UK and European law.
Sites of Special Scientific Interest
There are numerous SSSIs within the park, the most extensive of which are Snowdonia, Migneint-Arenig-Dduallt, Morfa Harlech, Rhinog, Berwyn, Cadair Idris, Llyn Tegid, Aber Mawddach / Mawddach Estuary, Dyfi, Morfa Dyffryn, Moel Hebog, Coedydd Dyffryn Ffestiniog and Coedydd Nanmor.
National nature reserves
The following NNRs are either wholly or partly within the park: Allt y Benglog, Y Berwyn (in multiple parts), Cader Idris, Ceunant Llennyrch, Coed Camlyn, Coed Cymerau, Coed Dolgarrog, Coed Ganllwyd, Coed Gorswen, Coed Tremadog, Coedydd Aber, Coedydd Maentwrog (in 2 parts), Coed y Rhygen, Cwm Glas Crafnant, Cwm Idwal, Hafod Garregog, Morfa Harlech, Rhinog and Snowdon.
Special Areas of Conservation
The twelve SACs are as follows:[clarification needed] Snowdonia SAC which covers much of the Carneddau, Glyderau, and the Snowdon massif, Afon Gwyrfai a Llyn Cwellyn, Corsydd Eifionydd / Eifionydd Fens (north of Garndolbenmaen), the Coedydd Derw a Safleoedd Ystlumod Meirion / Meirionydd Oakwoods and Bat Sites - a series of sites between Tremadog, Trawsfynydd, and Ffestiniog and Beddgelert and extending up the Gwynant. It also includes many of the oakwoods of the Mawddach and its tributaries. Afon Eden – Cors Goch Trawsfynydd, Rhinog, Cadair Idris (in 2 parts), Migneint-Arenig-Dduallt, River Dee and Afon Dyfrdwy a Llyn Tegid (Wales), Mwyngloddiau Fforest Gwydir / Gwydyr Forest Mines (north of Betws-y-Coed) and a part of the Berwyn a Mynyddoedd De Clwyd / Berwyn and South Clwyd Mountains SAC. The Pen Llyn a'r Sarnau / Lleyn Peninsula and the Sarnau SAC covers the entire Cardigan Bay coastline of the park and the sea area and extends above the high water mark at Morfa Harlech, Mochras and around the Dovey and Mawddach estuaries.
Special Protection Areas
The three SPAs are Dovey Estuary / Aber Dyfi (of which a part is within the park), Berwyn (of which a part is within the park) and Migneint-Arenig-Dduallt.
Ramsar sites
The three designated Ramsar sites are the Dyfi Biosphere (Cors Fochno and Dyfi), Cwm Idwal and Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake).
Economy
The area's economy was traditionally centred upon farming and from the early 19th century increasingly on mining and quarrying. Tourism has become an increasingly significant part of Snowdonia's economy during the 20th and 21st centuries.
Hill farming
The extensive farming of sheep remains central to Snowdonia's farming economy.
Forestry
Significant sections of the park were afforested during the 20th century for timber production. Major conifer plantations include Dyfi Forest, Coed y Brenin Forest[47] between Dolgellau and Trawsfynydd, Penllyn Forest south of Bala, Beddgelert Forest[48] and Gwydyr (or Gwydir) Forest near Betws-y-Coed which is managed as a forest park by Natural Resources Wales.[49]
Slate industry
The region was once the most important producer of slate in the world. Some production continues but at a much reduced level from its peak. The park boundaries are drawn such that much of the landscape affected by slate quarrying and mining lies immediately outside of the designated area.
Energy production
Construction of a
Tourism
Research indicates that there were 3.67 million visitors to Snowdonia National Park in 2013, with approximately 9.74 million tourist days spent in the park during that year.[50] Total tourist expenditure was £433.6 million in 2013.[50]
Hiking
Many of the hikers in the area concentrate on Snowdon itself. It is regarded as a fine mountain, but at times gets very crowded;[51][52] in addition the Snowdon Mountain Railway runs to the summit.[53]
The other high mountains with their boulder-strewn summits as well as Tryfan, one of the few mountains in the UK south of Scotland whose ascent needs hands as well as feet are also very popular. However, there are also some spectacular walks in Snowdonia on the lower mountains, and they tend to be relatively unfrequented. Among hikers' favourites are Y Garn (east of Llanberis) along the ridge to Elidir Fawr; Mynydd Tal-y-Mignedd (west of Snowdon) along the Nantlle Ridge to Mynydd Drws-y-Coed; Moelwyn Mawr (west of Blaenau Ffestiniog); and Pen Llithrig y Wrach north of Capel Curig. Further south are Y Llethr in the Rhinogydd, and Cadair Idris near Dolgellau.
The park has 1,479 miles (2,380 km) of public footpaths, 164 miles (264 km) of public
Recreational routes
The
Use of Eryri in English
The use of the English names for the area has been divisive, with an increase in protests against their use since 2020; these led to the national park authority deciding to use Welsh names as far as legally possible in November 2022.[58] An early example of pressure to deprecate Snowdon and Snowdonia was a 2003 campaign by Cymuned, inspired by campaigns to refer to Ayers Rock as Uluru and Mount Everest as Qomolangma.[59]
In 2020 an
On 28 April 2021 Gwynedd councillor John Pughe Roberts put forward a motion to use the Welsh names exclusively, calling this a "question of respect for the Welsh language".[63] The motion was not considered, but was deferred, as the national park authority had already appointed a "Welsh Place Names Task and Finish Group" to investigate the issue. Of course the park authority cannot compel other bodies or individuals to stop using the English names,[64] and the proposals have faced some criticism.[65]
In May 2021, following the dismissal of the motion, YouGov conducted a poll on Snowdon's name. 60% of Welsh adults supported the English name Snowdon, compared to 30% wanting the Welsh name Yr Wyddfa. Separating by language, 59% of Welsh speakers preferred the Welsh name, but 37% of these still wanted Snowdon to be used as well. 69% of non-Welsh speakers firmly supported Snowdon as the Mountain's name.[66] The proposals to rename Snowdon are usually accompanied with proposals to rename Snowdonia.
On 16 November 2022, Members of the Snowdonia National Park Authority committee voted to use the Welsh names Yr Wyddfa and Eryri to refer to the mountain and the national park, rather than the English names, in materials produced by the authority.[67][68] The national park authority described the decision as "decisive action" and the authority's head of culture heritage stated that Welsh place names were part of the area's "special qualities" and that other public bodies, English-language press and filming companies have used the Welsh-language names. Before the decision the park had already prioritised the Welsh names by using them first and giving the English names in parentheses.[69][70] The name "Snowdonia" cannot be abandoned entirely, as it is set in law and so must be used in statutory documents.[68][71][72] The authority announced a review of the authority's branding in 2023 to adapt to the new approach to Welsh place names.[68]
References
- ^ Protected Area Profile for Snowdonia from the World Database on Protected Areas. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
- ^ "Tourism". Park Authority. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-19-960908-6, retrieved 9 June 2023
- ISBN 978-0-19-960908-6, retrieved 9 June 2023
- ^ "Snowdon Wales' Highest Mountain". snowdonwales.co.uk. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
- ^ Celtic Culture, 2006, ed. by John T. Koch, p.719
- ^ Ifor Williams, Enwau Lleoedd (Liverpool, 1945), p. 18. Compare the late professor's article in Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies, vol. iv, pp. 137–41. The plural of Welsh eryr ('eagle') is eryrod or eryron, with no example of a form eryri being attested. A second word eryr, plural eryri, means 'shingles' in modern Welsh; in the old Welsh place name this suggests uneven or upraised ground, a land of hills; 'the uplands' or 'highlands'
- ^ "eryr". Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru. University of Wales Press.
- ISBN 978-0-585-10189-7.
- ^ 'The Mountains of Snowdonia', pub. by Crosby, Lockwood & Son, London (1925) p.5.
- ^ North, F J (1949). Snowdonia (xiii ed.). London: Collins.
- ^ Culliford, Alison (24 July 1999). "National Parks – The complete guide to Britain's national parks". The Independent.
- ^ "Our national parks". MSN. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011.
- ^ "Eryri - Snowdonia". www.eryri.llyw.cymru. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
- ISBN 978-0-412-80360-4.
- ^ Notice of Meeting (PDF). Snowdonia National Park Authority. 8 February 2023. pp. 8–9. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
- ^ "Snowdon and Snowdonia to be referred to by Welsh names, authority decides". Cambrian News. 17 November 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
- ^ "Eryri - Snowdonia". www.eryri-npa.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
- ^ Live, North Wales (6 February 2010). "Bid to make Blaenau Ffestiniog part of Snowdonia backed by National Park bosses". North Wales Live. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
- ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
- ^ "Darwin Discoveries at Cwm Idwal". National Trust. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
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- ^ "Ffestiniog Power Station". First Hydro Company. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
- ^ "Snowdonia: Eryri National Park to use Welsh lake names only". BBC News. 15 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
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- ^ "Welcome to Machynlleth in Mid Wales". Croeso.net. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
- ^ "Welcome to Porthmadog in Snowdonia, Wales". Porthmadog Town Council. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
- ^ "Snowdonia National Park Authority". Eryri National Park Authority. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
- ^ Clark, Ross (28 October 2006). "The wetter, the better". The Independent. Archived from the original on 28 January 2012.
- ^ Philip, Catherine (28 July 2005). "40 die as one year's rain falls in a day". The Times.
- ^ "ECN records wettest December at Yr Wyddfa since 1945". Environmental Change Network.
- ^ "Prehistory". Eryri National Park. Eryri National Park Authority. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ "Roman". Eryri National Park. Eryri National Park Authority. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ "Medieval and Early Modern". Eryri National Park. Eryri National Park Authority. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ "Industrial". Eryri National Park. Eryri National Park Authority. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ "Blooms with a view: 10 of Britain's best spring walks". The Guardian. 14 March 2021. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
- ^ John Vidal (18 February 2014). "Amory Lovins: energy visionary sees renewables revolution in full swing". The Guardian.
- ^ "Important plant areas in the UK". The Daily Telegraph. 24 July 2007. Archived from the original on 13 November 2012.
- ^ Turner, Robin (3 August 2009). "If you go down to the woods today you might find an endangered pine marten". WalesOnline.
- ^ "Special qualities in Snowdonia". National Parks UK. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
- ^ a b "Wildlife". Eryri National Park Authority. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
- ^ "Mapping Portal". Geoindex Onshore. British Geological Survey. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ "Coed y Brenin Visitor Centre, near Dolgellau". Natural Resources Wales. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
- ^ "Beddgelert Forest". Natural Resources Wales. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
- ^ "Gwydir Forest Park". Natural Resources Wales. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
- ^ a b "Eryri - Snowdonia". www.eryri-npa.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
- ^ "Rush hour at Mount Snowdon - hundreds of climbers queue to reach peak". Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
- ^ Crump, Eryl (20 May 2017). "Snowdon so overwhelmed with visitors 'it's like Piccadilly Station at rush hour'". Retrieved 6 June 2017.
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- ^ "Walks for region – Snowdonia Mountains and Coast". Walking in North Wales. Archived from the original on 5 May 2010.
- ^ "Cambrian Way". Cambrian Way Trust. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
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- ^ "Snowdon: Park to use mountain's Welsh name Yr Wyddfa". BBC News. 16 November 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
- ^ Live, North Wales (16 April 2003). "'It's time to scrap Snowdon's name'". North Wales Live. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
- ^ "National park decision to rename Snowdon as Yr Wyddfa put on hold". The National Wales. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
- ^ Wyn-Williams, Gareth (15 June 2021). "Thousands back petition for 'Snowdonia' and 'Snowdon' to be known as 'Eryri' and 'Yr Wyddfa'". North Wales Live. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
- ^ "Snowdon: Thousands back Welsh mountain name change". BBC News. 15 June 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
- ^ "Snowdon: Park bosses decide to stick to English name of Wales' highest peak". ITV News. 28 April 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
- ^ Wyn-Williams, Gareth (28 April 2021). "Campaigner for changing 'Snowdon' to 'Yr Wyddfa' vows not to give up". North Wales Live. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
- ^ "Wyddfa campaign 'inward-facing, ethno-nationalist cultural revisionism' claims magazine". Nation.Cymru. 4 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
- ^ "Poll: Majority want Wales' highest peak to be referred to as Snowdon not Yr Wyddfa". Nation.Cymru. 18 May 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
- ^ Vale, Julie McNicholls (17 November 2022). "National Park Authority votes to use Welsh names for Snowdon and Snowdonia". Cambrian News. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
- ^ a b c Forgrave, Andrew (16 November 2022). "Yr Wyddfa will take precedence over Snowdon after national park vote". North Wales Live. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
Campaigners had wanted to abandon the name "Snowdon" completely, but the NPA said the use of the English names were set in law and must be used in statutory documents.
- ^ "Paper on Place Names Principles approved in order to safeguard and celebrate Welsh place names within the National Park". Snowdonia National Park. 16 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
- ^ "Snowdon: Park to use mountain's Welsh name Yr Wyddfa". BBC News. 16 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
- ^ "Yr Wyddfa: Snowdon to be known by Welsh name from now on after national park vote". Nation.Cymru. 16 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
The Welsh and English names for the authority are set in law, so it will be a legal requirement for the authority to continue to use its English name alongside the Welsh on statutory documents.
- ^ "Mount Snowdon to be known as Yr Wyddfa from now on". ITV News. 17 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
The National Park will still be legally obliged to use both the Welsh and English names in official documentation.