Socialism in the Netherlands

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This article gives an overview of socialism in the Netherlands, including communism and social democracy. It is limited to communist, socialist, social democratic, and democratic socialist parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ means a reference to another party in that scheme.

Overview

Socialism came relatively late to the Netherlands, because of its slow industrialization. In the 1860s a socialist movement began to develop. Although the socialists were aided by the foundation of the

First International and of the first Dutch trade unions, united in the Algemeen Nederlands Werklieden Vereniging, a socialist party was not founded until 1881, when the Social Democratic League
was founded. The slow industrialization was reflected in the support base of the first socialist parties. It wasn't the urban proletariat which supported them most, instead it were agricultural workers, who were the first to support the League.

Before the First World War, the socialist movement saw two major splits: in 1894 between revolutionary anarchists and parliament-oriented socialists. The latter left the League to found the

First World War, a brief and very unsuccessful attempt at revolution occurred during the Red Week
.

After the

Dutch Resistance
.

During the 1960s and 1970s socialism was invigorated with the development of New Left-movements. In 1957 the

DS'70. The PvdA and their allies were unsuccessful at gaining a majority however in the 1971 and 1972 elections and the PvdA's leader Joop den Uyl
was forced to form a tenuous coalition with the Christian democrats.

During the 1980s socialism, communism and social-democracy were forced into a defensive position. The smaller socialist parties, PSP and CPN, which prospered in the 1960s and 1970s, lost seats, whilst the CPN disappeared from the

Federatie Nederlandse Vakbeweging
.

In the 1990s socialists and social-democrats renewed themselves. In 1989 the PSP and CPN merged with two small

Third Way policy, including privatisation of public companies, legalisation of prostitution and euthanasia and some institutional reforms. In 1994 a small formerly Maoist party, the Socialist Party
(SP) also entered parliament.

In 2007 the PvdA re-enters the

ChristianUnion. The SP won an unprecedented 25 seats in the 2006 elections
. Since 2004, GreenLeft has radically renewed its image and is now promoting itself as a left-liberal party, breaking with its socialist roots.

Timeline

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SDB

SDAP

CPN

BCS

SP (Interwar)

RSP

PvdA

  • 1946 The
    Freethinking Democratic League
    and several resistance groups
  • 1948 A small group of former Freethinking Democrats leaves the PvdA to join the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
  • 1970 A group of conservative social-democrats leaves the PvdA to found ⇒DS70.
  • 2014 Two members of parliament resign from the party and form ⇒DENK.

PSP

DS70

SP

GroenLinks

DENK

  • 2014
    DENK
     is formed by members of ⇒PvdA after disagreements about the party's proposals for monitoring Turkish Islamist organisations.
  • 2017 DENK becomes the first Dutch party advocating the interest of citizens with a migrant background to win seats in parliament.

BIJ1

  • 2016 ⇒DENK member Sylvana Simons leaves the party after disputes about the party's conservative positions and lack of support for her after receiving death threats. She founds a new party under the name "Article1", making reference to the first article in the Dutch constitution, that prohibits discrimination.
  • 2017 Article1 does not win any seats in the parliamentary elections and is forced to change its name to BIJ1 after complaints about copyright infringement regarding the party's name.
  • 2018 BIJ1 gains parliamentary representation by winning a seat in the municipal council of Amsterdam.
  • 2021 BIJ1 wins a seat in parliamentary elections with a far-left election programme.

Socialist leaders

Socialist thinkers

Influential Dutch socialist thinkers include:

See also

References

  1. ISSN 0012-8783
    .
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