Socialist Party (Portugal)
Socialist Party Partido Socialista | ||
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Regional Parliaments 34 / 104 | ||
Local government (Mayors) | 148 / 308 | |
Local government (Parishes) | 1,264 / 3,066 | |
Party flag | ||
Website | ||
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The Socialist Party (
A party of the
History
Part of a series on |
Social democracy |
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Portuguese Socialist Action (1964–1973)
The Portuguese Socialist Action (ASP) was founded in November 1964, in
Inspired by May 68 events,[9] the Socialist Party (PS) was created at a conference of the Portuguese Socialist Action (ASP) on 19 April 1973, in Bad Münstereifel in West Germany:
Option | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|
In favour of a party | 20 | 74.1 | |
Against a party | 7 | 25.9 | |
Turnout | 27 | ||
Source:[10] |
The twenty-seven delegates decided to found a party of socialism and political freedom, making an explicit reference to a classless society and with Marxism as a source of principal inspiration. However, seven delegates voted against the idea of creating a party, including Mário Soares' wife Maria Barroso.
Socialist Party (1973–present)
On 25 April 1974, the Carnation Revolution brought down the authoritarian regime of the Estado Novo, established in 1933, and democracy was restored. Mário Soares, the party's General-Secretary, returned to Portugal after being in exile in France and became Minister of Foreign Affairs, and António de Almeida Santos was appointed Minister of Interjurisdictional Coordination in one of the first provisional governments. After the revolution, elections were called for 25 April 1975 and the PS won the 1975 election for the Constituent Assembly and the 1976 elections for the National Assembly, then losing to the Democratic Alliance (AD) in the 1979 legislative election. In 1980, the PS made an electoral alliance, called the Republican and Socialist Front (FRS), between the Independent Social Democrats (ASDI), led by Sousa Franco, and the Left-wing Union for the Socialist Democracy (UEDS), led by Lopes Cardoso. The alliance failed to defeat the AD.
They won the 1983 general election but without an
In the
In the early 2000s, the party cleaned up its membership database, resulting in a reduction of registered members from 120,000 in 2001 to 77,000 in 2002.[13]
In June 2004, the PS won the
In 2009, after 4+1⁄2 years in power, the PS lost the
Under the leadership of Seguro, the PS won the
In the
In order to avoid bankruptcy due to mounting debt, in 2017, the party, alongside the PSD, the Portuguese Communist Party, BE and the ecologist party PEV, voted in favour of abolishing party fundraising limits, thereby opening all portuguese parties to private political donorship, that they are not obligated to disclose.[16][17][18][19] The new proposal was reluctantly approved by the Portuguese president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa.[20]
Costa led a very successful first term as prime minister with a growing economy, low unemployment, and deficit cuts. Although he led a more left-leaning PS, Costa started to shift the party back to the centre in 2018, something that a younger and more left-wing faction, led by minister Pedro Nuno Santos, contested.[21] In the 2019 European elections, the PS won a significant victory by achieving 33.4%, against the 22% of the PSD. The PS also won the October 2019 general election with 36% of the votes, against the 28% of the PSD, but by a closer margin than expected. The Second Costa cabinet was sworn in on 26 October 2019.
In October 2020, the PS lost power in the Azores region after the Socialists lost their majority in the region's 2020 October elections. The PS only got 39% of the votes, a drop of 7 pp, and 25 seats.[22] The right-wing parties PSD, CDS, PPM, CHEGA, and IL won a majority of one seat over the whole left wing, and a few weeks after the election, they forged a deal that led the PSD to government.[23] As of 2021[update], the PS is now in opposition in both autonomous regions of the country.
For the 2021 Portuguese presidential election, Costa endorsed the incumbent Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, something that made some party members unsatisfied. Former PS MEP Ana Gomes, a critic of Costa and a member of the left faction of the party, ran for the presidency, declaring herself the candidate of democratic socialism and progressivism, stating that she has been disappointed with the leadership of the party for not having an official candidate.[24][25] With the support of the left faction of the party and some more moderate members worried about corruption, Gomes finished in a disappointing second place behind de Sousa, who had many endorsements of party leaders like Lisbon's Mayor Fernando Medina, Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues, and Carlos César.
The party suffered a setback in the 2021 local elections by losing several cities to the PSD, but, the main defeat was the loss of Lisbon to the PSD candidate, Carlos Moedas, who defeated Fernando Medina by a narrow 34% to 33% margin.[26] After the local elections, tensions between the PS and its left-wing allies, BE and CDU, led to the rejection of the 2022 budget which forced the calling of a snap election for January 2022.[27] Despite polls predicting a close race between the PS and PSD, the Socialists won a surprise absolute majority, only the second in their history, with 41% of the votes against the 29% of the PSD,[28] and winning 120 (52%) of the 230 seats in the Portuguese parliament.
In November 2023, António Costa resigned as Prime Minister and party leader following the Operation Influencer investigation, which investigates suspected corruption activities in the awarding of contracts for the lithium and hydrogen businesses.[29] Following Costa's decision, an early election was called for 10 March 2024.[30] A leadership election was called for 15 and 16 December 2023, which was won by Pedro Nuno Santos with almost 61% of the votes.[31]
On the 10 March 2024 election, the Socialist Party was narrowly defeated by the Democratic Alliance (AD), headed by the Social Democratic Party, losing 42 seats and gathering 28% of the votes.[32]
Ideology
The PS is a mainstream centre-left
Election results
Assembly of the Republic
Seats in the Portuguese legislative elections
Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | Government |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1975 | Mário Soares | 2,162,972 | 37.9 (#1) | 116 / 250
|
Constituent assembly
| |
1976 | 1,912,921 | 34.9 (#1) | 107 / 263
|
9 | Minority[a] | |
Coalition[a] | ||||||
Opposition | ||||||
1979 | 1,642,136 | 27.3 (#2) | 74 / 250
|
33 | Opposition | |
1980 | Republican and Socialist Front |
66 / 250
|
8 | Opposition | ||
1983 | 2,061,309 | 36.1 (#1) | 101 / 250
|
35 | Coalition[b] | |
1985 | António de Almeida Santos | 1,204,321 | 20.8 (#2) | 57 / 250
|
44 | Opposition |
1987 | Vítor Constâncio | 1,262,506 | 22.2 (#2) | 60 / 250
|
3 | Opposition |
1991 | Jorge Sampaio | 1,670,758 | 29.1 (#2) | 72 / 230
|
12 | Opposition |
1995 | António Guterres | 2,583,755 | 43.8 (#1) | 112 / 230
|
40 | Minority |
1999 | 2,385,922 | 44.1 (#1) | 115 / 230
|
3 | Minority | |
2002 | Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues | 2,068,584 | 37.8 (#2) | 96 / 230
|
19 | Opposition |
2005 | José Sócrates | 2,588,312 | 45.0 (#1) | 121 / 230
|
25 | Majority |
2009 | 2,077,238 | 36.6 (#1) | 97 / 230
|
24 | Minority | |
2011 | 1,566,347 | 28.1 (#2) | 74 / 230
|
23 | Opposition | |
2015 | António Costa | 1,747,685 | 32.3 (#2) | 86 / 230
|
12 | Opposition |
Minority[c] | ||||||
2019 | 1,903,687 | 36.3 (#1) | 108 / 230
|
22 | Minority | |
2022 | 2,302,601 | 41.4 (#1) | 120 / 230
|
12 | Majority | |
2024 | Pedro Nuno Santos | 1,812,443 | 28.0 (#2) | 78 / 230
|
42 | Opposition |
European Parliament
Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/- |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1987 | Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo | 1,267,672 | 22.5 (#2) | 6 / 24
|
|
1989 | João Cravinho | 1,184,380 | 28.5 (#2) | 8 / 24
|
2 |
1994 | António Vitorino | 1,061,560 | 34.9 (#1) | 10 / 25
|
2 |
1999 | Mário Soares | 1,493,146 | 43.1 (#1) | 12 / 25
|
2 |
2004 | António Costa | 1,516,001 | 44.5 (#1) | 12 / 24
|
0 |
2009 | Vital Moreira | 946,818 | 26.5 (#2) | 7 / 22
|
5 |
2014 | Francisco Assis | 1,033,158 | 31.5 (#1) | 8 / 21
|
1 |
2019 | Pedro Marques | 1,106,328 | 33.4 (#1) | 9 / 21
|
1 |
Regional Assemblies
Region | Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | Government |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Azores | 2024 | Vasco Cordeiro | 41,538 | 35.9 (#2) | 23 / 57
|
2 | Opposition |
Madeira | 2023 | Sérgio Gonçalves | 28,840 | 21.3 (#2) | 11 / 47
|
8 | Opposition |
List of lead party figures
Secretaries-General
- Mário Soares: 19 April 1973 – 29 June 1986
- António de Almeida Santos (ad interim): 13 June 1985 – 13 November 1985
- António Macedo(ad interim): 13 November 1985 – 29 June 1986
- Vítor Constâncio: 29 June 1986 – 14 January 1989
- Jorge Sampaio: 14 January 1989 – 21 February 1992
- António Guterres: 21 February 1992 – 19 January 2002
- Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues: 19 January 2002 – 27 September 2004
- José Sócrates: 27 September 2004 – 23 July 2011
- António José Seguro: 23 July 2011 – 28 September 2014
- Maria de Belém Roseira (ad interim): 28 September 2014 – 22 November 2014
- António Costa: 22 November 2014 – 7 January 2024
- Pedro Nuno Santos: 7 January 2024 – present
Graphical timeline
Party presidents
- António Macedo: 19 April 1973 – 29 June 1986
- Manuel Tito de Morais: 29 June 1986 – 14 January 1989
- João Ferraz de Abreu: 14 January 1989 – 21 February 1992
- António de Almeida Santos: 21 February 1992 – 9 September 2011
- Maria de Belém Roseira: 9 September 2011 – 29 November 2014
- Carlos César: 29 November 2014 – present
Presidents of the Assembly
- Henrique de Barros: 3 June 1975 – 2 April 1976
- Vasco da Gama Fernandes: 29 July 1976 – 29 October 1978
- Teófilo Carvalho dos Santos: 30 October 1978 – 7 January 1980
- Manuel Tito de Morais: 8 June 1983 – 24 October 1984
- António de Almeida Santos: 31 October 1995 – 4 April 2002
- Jaime Gama: 16 March 2005 – 21 June 2011
- Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues: 23 October 2015 – 29 March 2022
- Augusto Santos Silva: 29 March 2022 – 25 March 2024
Parliamentary Leaders
- António Lopes Cardoso (Beja): 1975–1976
- Salgado Zenha (Porto): 1976–1983
- Walter Rosa (Lisbon): 1983–1985
- José Luís Nunes (Porto): 1985–1986
- João Ferraz Abreu (Aveiro): 1986–1987
- Jorge Sampaio (Lisbon): 1986–1988
- António Guterres (Castelo Branco): 1988–1991
- Jaime Gama (Lisbon): 1991–1994
- António de Almeida Santos (Porto): 1992–1993
- Jorge Lacão (Santarém): 1995–1996
- Francisco Assis (Porto): 1997–2002, 2009–2011
- António Costa (Leiria): 2002–2003
- António José Seguro (Lisbon): 2004
- Alberto Martins (Porto): 2005–2009, 2013–2014
- Maria de Belém Roseira (Lisbon): 2011
- Carlos Zorrinho (Évora): 2011–2013
- Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues (Lisbon): 2014–2015
- Carlos César (Azores): 2015–2019
- Ana Catarina Mendes (Setúbal): 2019–2022
- Eurico Brilhante Dias (Leiria): 2022–2024
- Alexandra Leitão (Santarém): 2024 - present
Prime Ministers
- Mário Soares: 23 July 1976 – 28 August 1978; 9 June 1983 – 6 November 1985
- António Guterres: 28 October 1995 – 6 April 2002
- José Sócrates: 12 March 2005 – 21 June 2011
- António Costa: 26 November 2015 – 2 April 2024
Presidents of the Republic
- Mário Soares: 9 March 1986 – 9 March 1996
- Jorge Sampaio: 9 March 1996 – 9 March 2006
See also
Notes
- ^ a b Minority government (1976–1978); Coalition government with the CDS between January and August 1978; Opposition (1978–1979).
- ^ Central Bloc government (PS-PSD) (Jun 1983-Nov 1985)
- ^ Opposition (Oct–Nov 2015); Confidence and supply government between the PS and BE–PCP–PEV (Nov 2015-Oct 2019)
References
- Constitutional Court of Portugal(in Portuguese). Retrieved 31 July 2021.
- ^ Figueiredo, Inês (16 July 2022). "PSD é o maior partido, mas PS no poder consegue encurtar distâncias. Chega e PAN ocultam número de militantes". Observador.
- ^ Tavares, Tiago. "Os hinos que se cantavam nas primeiras eleições". Observador.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Portugal". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
- ISBN 978-1-136-34039-0. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
- ISBN 978-1-317-92945-1.
- ^ Guedes, Nuno (2016). "Esquerda-direita: análise das posições ideológicas do PS e do PSD (1990-2010)". Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas (80): 95–116.
- ^ "Primeiras formações socialistas", Diário de Notícias, 7 January 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
- ISSN 2179-8966.
- ^ "Valores de Mário Soares marcaram os 50 anos de história do PS", Diário de Notícias, 19 April 1973. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
- ^ a b Costa Lobo, Marina; Magalhães, Pedro C. (2001). "The Portuguese Socialists and the Third Way" (PDF). European Consortium for Political Research. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
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(help) - ^ Pearlstein, Steven (6 May 2009). "In Portugal, as in America, a 'Third Way' Is Reemerging". The Washington Post. Retrieved 11 May 2009.
- ISBN 9780191748332. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ^ Nuno, Sá Lourenço (27 May 2014). "António Costa avança para a liderança do PS". Público. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
- ^ Telma, Roque (6 June 2014). "Aprovada a realização de eleições primárias no PS a 28 de setembro". Jornal de Notícias. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
- ^ Partidos podem angariar quanto quiserem e o IVA é devolvido in Jornal Eco, retrieved on August 9 2022
- ^ O que muda no financiamento dos partidos? E as dúvidas que ficam in Jornal Eco, retrieved on August 9 2022.
- ^ Pela calada do Natal aconteceu o saque partidário in Jornal Eco, consulted on August 9 2022
- ^ Partidos sem limites para angariar fundos e com devolução total do IVA in Jornal Público, retrieved on August 9 2022
- ^ Alteração à lei de financiamento dos partidos políticos promulgada in Transparência Internacional - Transparency International Portugal, retrieved on August 9 2022.
- ^ Ana, Sá Lopes (4 June 2018). "Pedro Nuno ganha batalha e António Costa não gostou". Sol. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
- ^ "PS perde maioria absoluta nos Açores, e Chega, IL e PAN entram no parlamento ", Público, 25 October 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ^ "Eleições nos Açores: Novo Governo regional toma posse na terça-feira", Observador, 19 November 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ^ Almeida, Joana (10 September 2020). "Ana Gomes formaliza candidatura à Presidência da República em nome do 'socialismo democrático'" [Ana Gomes formalizes candidacy for President of the Republic in the name of 'democratic socialism']. O Jornal Económico. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
- ^ Donn, Natasha (10 September 2020). "Ana Gomes ruffles feathers as she launches official bid for presidency". Portugal Resident. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
- ^ "Carlos Moedas eleito presidente da Câmara de Lisboa. "Ganhámos contra tudo e contra todos!" ", Público, 27 September 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ^ "É o primeiro chumbo em democracia. Orçamento para 2022 não passa na Assembleia da República", Eco, 27 October 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ^ "PS vence pela primeira vez em todos os distritos do continente", Renascença, 31 January 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ^ "António Costa demite-se: "Obviamente"". CNN Portugal (in Portuguese). Retrieved 7 November 2023.
- ^ Renascença (9 November 2023). "Marcelo marca eleições para 10 de março - Renascença". Rádio Renascença (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 9 November 2023.
- ^ "Pedro Nuno Santos eleito secretário-geral do PS com 62%". sicnoticias.pt. SIC Notícias. 17 December 2020.
- ^ "Portugal's center-right wins an election but surging populists want a say in the government". Associated Press. 21 March 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
External links
- Official website (list in Portuguese, links to international websites in English)
- Official website (in Portuguese)
- Party of European Socialists
- Socialist Internacional