Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009

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Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009
UTC)
(P1) Partial begin23:58:18
(U1) Total begin0:51:16
Greatest eclipse2:36:25
(U4) Total end4:19:26
(P4) Partial end5:12:25
References
Saros136 (37 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000)9528

A total

perigee
.

Eclipse season

This was the second eclipse for the mid-2009 eclipse season, with the first having been the July 2009 lunar eclipse. The third eclipse of the season was the August 2009 lunar eclipse.[4][5][6]

The solar eclipse was the 37th eclipse of the 136th Saros cycle, which began with a partial eclipse on June 14, 1360, and is expected to conclude with a partial eclipse on July 30, 2622.[citation needed]

Visibility

View from a boat in Ganges

A partial eclipse was seen within the broad path of the Moon's

penumbra, including most of Southeast Asia (all of Pakistan, India and China) and north-eastern Oceania
.

The total eclipse was visible from a narrow corridor through northern India, eastern Nepal, northern Bangladesh, Bhutan, the northern tip of Myanmar, central China and the Pacific Ocean, including the northern part of the Ryukyu Islands, the whole Volcano Islands except South Iwo Jima, Marshall Islands, and Kiribati.

Totality was visible in many large cities, including

Huanggang, Hefei, Hangzhou, Wuxi, Huzhou, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Ningbo, Shanghai as well as over the Three Gorges Dam in China. However, in Shanghai, the largest city in the eclipse's path, the view was obscured by heavy clouds.[7][8] According to NASA, the Japanese island Kitaio Jima was predicted to have the best viewing conditions[9][10]
featuring both longer viewing time (being the closest point of land to the point of greatest eclipse) and lower cloud cover statistics than all of continental Asia.

The eclipse, and the reaction of thousands of observers at Varanasi was captured by the Science Channel Wonders of the Universe series hosted by Brian Cox.[11]

This eclipse may be the most-viewed total solar eclipse in history, with 30 million people in Shanghai and Hangzhou alone.[12]

Observations

Varanasi, India
.

Thousands of pilgrims gathered on the banks of the Ganges River in Varanasi, India to experience the eclipse as a religious or spiritual event. Some people expected that there would be a relationship, either positive or negative, between their health and the occurrence of the eclipse.[13]

Indian scientists observed the solar eclipse from an Indian Air Force plane.[14]

The

scientific education and to dispel any superstition. A flight by China Eastern Airlines
from Wuhan to Shanghai took a slight detour and followed the course of the eclipse to allow longer observation time for the scientists on board.

Observers in Japan were excited by the prospect of experiencing the first eclipse in 46 years, but found the experience dampened by cloudy skies obscuring the view.

In Bangladesh, where the eclipse lasted approximately 3 minutes and 44 seconds, thousands of people were able to witness the eclipse despite rain and overcast skies.

Duration

earthshine
) on the day before the solar eclipse near lunar perigee.

This solar eclipse was the longest total solar eclipse to occur in the 21st century, and will not be surpassed in duration until

UTC about 100 km south of the Bonin Islands, southeast of Japan. The uninhabited North Iwo Jima island was the landmass with totality time closest to maximum, while the closest inhabited point was Akusekijima, where the eclipse lasted 6 minutes and 26 seconds.[15]

The cruise ship

Costa Classica
was chartered specifically to view this eclipse and by viewing the eclipse at the point of maximum duration and cruising along the centerline during the event, duration was extended to 6 minutes, 42 seconds.

The eclipse was part of

aphelion[17]
where the Sun appeared slightly smaller.

In contrast the

apogee and 7.175% smaller apparent diameter to the sun. And the next solar eclipse of January 15, 2010
(Saros 141, ascending node) was also annular, 1.8 days before lunar apogee, with the Moon 8.097% smaller than the Sun.

Photo gallery

Totality

Partial

  • Partial from New Delhi, India
    Partial from
    New Delhi, India
  • Partial from Kolkata, India
    Partial from
    Kolkata, India
  • Partial from Kharagpur, India
    Partial from Kharagpur, India
  • Eclipse progression from Wuhan, China
    Eclipse progression from
    Wuhan, China
  • Partial from Beijing, China
    Partial from
    Beijing, China
  • Partial from Tianjin, China
    Partial from
    Tianjin, China
  • Partial from Sheung Shui, Hong Kong
    Partial from Sheung Shui, Hong Kong
  • Partial from Quezon City, Philippines
    Partial from
    Quezon City, Philippines
  • Partial from Makati City, Philippines
    Partial from
    Makati City, Philippines
  • Partial from Taichung, Taiwan
    Partial from
    Taichung, Taiwan
  • Partial from Incheon, South Korea
    Partial from
    Incheon, South Korea
  • Partial from Miyazaki City, Japan
    Partial from
    Miyazaki City
    , Japan
  • Partial from Honolulu, HI
    Partial from
    Honolulu, HI

View from space

Animation of eclipse path

The Terrain Mapping Camera in the Chandrayaan-1 lunar mission was used to image the earth during the eclipse.[18]

It was also observed by the Japanese geostationary satellite

MTSAT:[19]


12:30 UT (pre-eclipse)
1:30 UT
Close up at 1:30 UT

Related eclipses

Eclipses of 2009

This total eclipse was the second in the series of three eclipses in a one-month period, with two minor

penumbral lunar eclipses, first on July 7 and last on August 6
.

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros cycle

Tritos

Solar Saros 136

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses 2008–2011

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[20]

Solar eclipse series sets from 2008 to 2011
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
121

Partial from Christchurch, NZ 		2008 February 07

Annular 		−0.95701 126
Novosibirsk, Russia
 2008 August 01

Total 		0.83070
131

Palangka Raya, Indonesia 		2009 January 26

Annular 		−0.28197 136

Kurigram, Bangladesh 		2009 July 22

Total 		0.06977
141
Bangui, Central African Republic
 2010 January 15

Annular 		0.40016 146
Hao, French Polynesia
 2010 July 11

Total 		−0.67877
151
Vienna, Austria
 2011 January 04

Partial (north) 		1.06265 156 2011 July 01

Partial (south) 		−1.49171

Partial solar eclipses on June 1, 2011, and November 25, 2011, occur on the next lunar year eclipse set.

Saros series

Solar Saros 136, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, contains 71 events. The series started with partial solar eclipse on June 14, 1360, and reached a first annular eclipse on September 8, 1504. It was a hybrid event from November 22, 1612, through January 17, 1703, and total eclipses from January 27, 1721, through May 13, 2496. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 30, 2622, with the entire series lasting 1262 years. The longest eclipse occurred on June 20, 1955, with a maximum duration of totality at 7 minutes, 7.74 seconds. All eclipses in this series occurs at the Moon's descending node.[21]

Series members 29–43 occur between 1865 and 2117
29 30 31

Apr 25, 1865
May 6, 1883
May 18, 1901
32 33 34

May 29, 1919
Jun 8, 1937
Jun 20, 1955
35 36 37

Jun 30, 1973
Jul 11, 1991
Jul 22, 2009
38 39 40

Aug 2, 2027
Aug 12, 2045
Aug 24, 2063
41 42 43

Sep 3, 2081
Sep 14, 2099
Sep 26, 2117

Metonic cycle

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

21 events between July 22, 1971 and July 22, 2047
July 21–22 May 9–11 February 26–27 December 14–15 October 2–3
116 118 120 122 124

July 22, 1971
May 11, 1975
February 26, 1979
December 15, 1982
October 3, 1986
126 128 130 132 134

July 22, 1990
May 10, 1994
February 26, 1998
December 14, 2001
October 3, 2005
136 138 140 142 144

July 22, 2009
May 10, 2013
February 26, 2017
December 14, 2020
October 2, 2024
146 148 150 152 154

July 22, 2028
May 9, 2032
February 27, 2036
December 15, 2039
October 3, 2043
156

July 22, 2047

Notes

  1. ^ "Full solar eclipse turns the day to night in Asia". The Bismarck Tribune. 2009-07-23. p. 7. Retrieved 2023-10-25 – via Newspapers.com.
  2. ^ "Celestial awe, fear". Leader-Telegram. 2009-07-23. p. C10. Retrieved 2023-10-25 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ "Asia shrouded in daytime darkness in longest eclipse until 2132". The Star-Democrat. 2009-07-23. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-10-25 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ a b (AFP) – 6 days ago. "AFP: Solar eclipse sparks tourism fever in China". Retrieved 2009-07-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Wang, Hongjiang (2009-07-22). "Scientists: China the best place to observe longest solar eclipse in 2,000 years_English_Xinhua". News.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 2009-05-21. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
  6. ^ "Indian students on solar eclipse 'odyssey' to China – Yahoo! India News". In.news.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on 2009-07-29. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
  7. ^ 99.56% totality was observed in Kamat Maath, Binodpur, Chapai Nawabgan, the western part of Bangladesh.
    In Sichuan province, China, 150 km southwest of Chengdu many people ascended Mount Emei to view the eclipse. While viewing conditions were not ideal due to thick cloud cover, typical of this region and altitude, the effects were reported as impressive. The summit of Mt. Emei contains numerous Buddhist temples and statues, as well as a large candle and incense lighting ceremony/area. During the eclipse day turned to night, leaving only the candles to cast a unique lighting on the adjacent Buddhist statues and buildings.
    "NASA – Total Solar Eclipse of 2009 July 22". NASA.gov. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
  8. ^ Weather conditions for cities in China during the July 22 eclipse (in Chinese)
  9. ^ "NASA Map" (PDF).
  10. ^ Espenak, Fred. "Total Solar Eclipse of July 2009" (PDF).
  11. ^ "The Solar Eclipse In Varanasi - Wonders of the Solar System - Series 1 Episode 1 Preview - BBC Two". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-13.
  12. ^ "Solar Eclipse on July 22 May Be Most Viewed Ever". nationalgeographic.com. Archived from the original on July 23, 2009.
  13. ^ "Indians enthralled by solar eclipse". Chinadaily.com.cn. 2009-07-22. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
  14. ^ "Khabrein.info". Khabrein.info. Archived from the original on July 28, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  15. ^ "Island « Total Eclipse.Jp". Totaleclipse.jp. Archived from the original on 2009-04-18. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
  16. ^ "August 2, 2027 Total Solar Eclipse". Tierrayestrellas.com. Archived from the original on July 25, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
  17. ^ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (3 July 2009). "Perihelion and Aphelion". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
  18. ^ "Chandrayaan-1". ISRO. Archived from the original on February 17, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
  19. ^ "Eclipse Shadows Southeastern China : Image of the Day". nasa.gov. 23 July 2009.
  20. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  21. ^ SEsaros136 at NASA.gov

References

Pre-eclipse news:

Photos:

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Solar eclipse of 2009 July 22.
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