Solid-state electronics

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
An integrated circuit (IC) on a printed circuit board. This is called a solid-state circuit because all of the electrical activity in the circuit occurs within solid materials.

Solid-state electronics are

integrated circuits (ICs).[1][2][3][4][5] The term is also used as an adjective for devices in which semiconductor electronics that have no moving parts replace devices with moving parts, such as the solid-state relay in which transistor switches are used in place of a moving-arm electromechanical relay, or the solid-state drive (SSD) a type of semiconductor memory used in computers to replace hard disk drives, which store data on a rotating disk.[6]

History

The term solid-state became popular at the beginning of the semiconductor era in the 1960s to distinguish this new technology. A semiconductor device works by controlling an electric current consisting of

thermionic vacuum tubes it replaced worked by controlling a current of electrons or ions
in a vacuum within a sealed tube.

Although the first solid-state electronic device was the

University of Philadelphia in 1955.[9] In terms of commercial production, The Fisher TR-1 was the first "all transistor" preamplifier, which became available mid-1956.[10] In 1961, a company named Transis-tronics released a solid-state amplifier, the TEC S-15.[11]

The replacement of bulky, fragile, energy-hungry vacuum tubes by transistors in the 1960s and 1970s created a revolution not just in technology but in people's habits, making possible the first truly portable

semiconductor laser
.

Also during the 1960s and 1970s, television set manufacturers switched from vacuum tubes to semiconductors, and advertised sets as "100% solid state"[12] even though the cathode-ray tube (CRT) was still a vacuum tube. It meant only the chassis was 100% solid-state, not including the CRT. Early advertisements spelled out this distinction,[13] but later advertisements assumed the audience had already been educated about it and shortened it to just "100% solid state". LED displays can be said to be truly 100% solid-state.[14]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-3642280306. Archived
    from the original on 2017-12-29.
  2. ISBN 978-1461488361. Archived
    from the original on 2017-12-29.
  3. ^ Vaughan, Francis (February 22, 2012). "Why the expression "solid state" instead of simply "solid"?". StraightDope message board (Mailing list). Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  4. InfoSpace Holdings LLC. 2017. Archived
    from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  5. ^ "Solid state device". Encyclopaedia Britannica online. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc. 2017. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  6. ISBN 978-3642147524. Archived
    from the original on 2017-12-29.
  7. ^ Papadopoulos (2013) Solid-State Electronic Devices: An Introduction Archived 2017-12-29 at the Wayback Machine, p. 11, 81-83
  8. OCLC 43092627
    .
  9. ^ Sorab K. Ghandhi; Vernon Mathis; Edward Keonjian; Richard Shea; et al. (1957) The World's First Transistor Hi-Fi System
  10. ^ Announcement High Fidelity, March 1956, p. 9
  11. ^ Announcement Audio Magazine, Aug 1961, p. 44
  12. ^ "1975 Sears Christmas Wishbook". Sears. 1975. p. 378. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  13. ^ "RCA advertisement in Life magazine". 1971-10-30. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  14. ^ "Handbook of Solid-State Lighting and LEDs". Taylor & Francis. 2017. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
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