Somatic anxiety
Somatic anxiety, also known as somatization, is the physical manifestation of
"Symptoms typically associated with somatization of anxiety and other psychiatric disorders include abdominal pain,
Although commonly overlooked, scientists are starting to study somatic anxiety more.[3] Studies have shown that some medically overlooked cases that could not relate physical pain to any type of organ dysfunction typically could have been somatic anxiety.[1]
Anxiety-performance relationship theories
Drive theory
The Drive Theory (Zajonc 1965)[4] suggests that if an athlete is both skilled and driven (by somatic and cognitive anxiety) then the athlete will perform well.[5]
Inverted-U hypothesis
The Inverted-U Hypothesis (Yerkes and Dodson, 1908),
Multi-dimensional theory
The Multi-dimensional Theory of Anxiety (Martens, 1990)[7] is based on the distinction between somatic and cognitive anxiety. The theory predicts that there is a negative, linear relationship between somatic and cognitive anxiety, that there will be an Inverted-U relationship between somatic anxiety and performance, and that somatic anxiety should decline once performance begins although cognitive anxiety may remain high, if confidence is low.[8]
Catastrophe theory
The Catastrophe Theory (Hardy, 1987)[9] suggests that stress, combined with both somatic and cognitive anxiety, influences performance, that somatic anxiety will affect each athlete differently, and that performance will be affected uniquely, which will make it difficult to predict an outcome using general rules.[8]
Optimum arousal theory
The Optimum Arousal Theory (Hanin, 1997)[10] states that each athlete will perform at their best if their level of anxiety falls within an "optimum functioning zone".[5]
See also
References
- ^ PMID 15014583.
- ISBN 9780873229357
- PMID 30895480.
- PMID 14300526.
- ^ a b c "Competitive Anxiety". BrianMac. May 3, 2015. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
- ^ .
- ^ Martens, R. et al. (1990) The Development of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). Human Kinetics
- ^ CiteSeerX 10.1.1.629.5627.
- ^ Hardy, L. & Non Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity. Vancouver. June 1987.
- ISSN 1438-5627.
Additional references
- Schwartz, Gary E; Davidson, Richard J; Goleman, Daniel J (1978). "Patterning of Cognitive and Somatic Processes in the Self-Regulation of Anxiety: Effects of Meditation versus Exercise". Psychosomatic Medicine. 40 (4): 321–328. S2CID 2810663.