Soria (Congress of Deputies constituency)

Coordinates: 41°40′N 2°40′W / 41.667°N 2.667°W / 41.667; -2.667
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Soria
Congress of Deputies
Electoral constituency
Location of Soria within Spain
ProvinceSoria
Autonomous communityCastile and León
Population88,377 (2022)[1]
Electorate75,768 (2023)
Major settlementsSoria
Current constituency
Created1977
Seats3 (1977–2008)
2 (2008–present)
Member(s)
  •   PP (1)
  •   PSOE (1)

Soria is one of the 52 constituencies (

deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Soria. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation
, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the

Voting is on the basis of

The electoral law allows for

federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[5][6]

Deputies

Deputies
1977–present
Key to parties
  PSOE
  UCD
  PP
  CP
  AP
Legislature Election Distribution
Constituent 1977
3
1st 1979
1 2
2nd 1982
1 1 1
3rd 1986
1 2
4th 1989
1 2
5th 1993
1 2
6th 1996
1 2
7th 2000
1 2
8th 2004
1 2
9th 2008
1 1
10th 2011
1 1
11th 2015
1 1
12th 2016
1 1
13th 2019 (Apr)
1 1
14th 2019 (Nov)
1 1
15th 2023
1 1

Elections

2023 general election

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Soria
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 18,895 37.22 +4.37 1 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 14,966 29.48 –5.09 1 ±0
Soria Now! (SY) 9,697 19.10 New 0 ±0
Vox (Vox) 4,978 9.81 –3.69 0 ±0
Unite (Sumar)1 1,711 3.37 –4.21 0 ±0
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2 94 0.19 –0.25 0 ±0
Workers' Front (FO) 68 0.13 New 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 43 0.08 –0.11 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 23 0.05 –0.15 0 ±0
Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 9 0.02 –0.18 0 ±0
Blank ballots 285 0.56 –0.99
Total 50,769 2 ±0
Valid votes 50,769 99.24 +1.01
Invalid votes 388 0.76 –1.01
Votes cast / turnout 51,157 67.52 +6.02
Abstentions 24,611 32.48 -6.02
Registered voters 75,768
Sources[8]
Footnotes:
  • 1
    Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals
    totals in the November 2019 election.

November 2019 general election

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Soria
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 16,043 34.57 +2.86 1 ±0
People's Party (PP) 15,247 32.85 +6.18 1 ±0
Vox (Vox) 6,264 13.50 +4.16 0 ±0
United We Can (PodemosIU) 3,517 7.58 –1.02 0 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 2,670 5.75 –10.57 0 ±0
Sorian People's Platform (PPSO) 1,466 3.16 –1.95 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals
(PACMA)
205 0.44 –0.07 0 ±0
Zero CutsGreen GroupPCASTC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC) 95 0.20 ±0.00 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 95 0.20 +0.05 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 87 0.19 +0.03 0 ±0
Blank ballots 721 1.55 +0.32
Total 46,410 2 ±0
Valid votes 46,410 98.23 –0.23
Invalid votes 838 1.77 +0.23
Votes cast / turnout 47,248 61.50 –7.32
Abstentions 29,579 38.50 +7.32
Registered voters 76,827
Sources[9]

April 2019 general election

Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Soria
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 16,513 31.71 +5.99 1 ±0
People's Party (PP) 13,887 26.67 –18.20 1 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 8,501 16.32 +4.87 0 ±0
Vox (Vox) 4,866 9.34 +9.10 0 ±0
Equo
)
4,481 8.60 –6.72 0 ±0
Sorian People's Platform (PPSO) 2,663 5.11 New 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals
(PACMA)
263 0.51 –0.01 0 ±0
Zero CutsGreen GroupPCASTC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC) 103 0.20 +0.02 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 81 0.16 New 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 77 0.15 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 642 1.23 +0.02
Total 52,077 2 ±0
Valid votes 52,077 98.46 –0.11
Invalid votes 815 1.54 +0.11
Votes cast / turnout 52,892 68.82 +3.29
Abstentions 23,969 31.18 –3.29
Registered voters 76,861
Sources[9]

2016 general election

Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Soria
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 22,264 44.87 +6.23 1 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 12,762 25.72 +1.93 1 ±0
Equo
)1
7,599 15.32 –4.29 0 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 5,679 11.45 –3.74 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals
(PACMA)
260 0.52 +0.15 0 ±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 125 0.25 –0.38 0 ±0
Vox (Vox) 119 0.24 New 0 ±0
Zero CutsGreen Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 90 0.18 +0.01 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 63 0.13 New 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 57 0.11 +0.01 0 ±0
Blank ballots 600 1.21 –0.10
Total 49,618 2 ±0
Valid votes 49,618 98.57 –0.20
Invalid votes 719 1.43 +0.20
Votes cast / turnout 50,337 65.53 –2.64
Abstentions 26,477 34.47 +2.64
Registered voters 76,814
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

2015 general election

Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Soria
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 20,030 38.64 –16.29 1 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 12,331 23.79 –7.66 1 ±0
We Can (Podemos) 8,328 16.07 New 0 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 7,872 15.19 New 0 ±0
United LeftPopular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC) 1,836 3.54 –1.13 0 ±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 327 0.63 –3.66 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals
(PACMA)
192 0.37 +0.07 0 ±0
National Democracy (DN) 101 0.19 –0.16 0 ±0
Zero CutsGreen Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 86 0.17 New 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 54 0.10 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 679 1.31 –1.22
Total 51,836 2 ±0
Valid votes 51,836 98.77 +0.99
Invalid votes 647 1.23 –0.99
Votes cast / turnout 52,483 68.17 +0.62
Abstentions 24,503 31.83 –0.62
Registered voters 76,986
Sources[9]

2011 general election

Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Soria
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 28,063 54.93 +5.13 1 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 16,066 31.45 –11.15 1 ±0
United Left of Castile and León: Plural Left (IUCyL) 2,385 4.67 +2.43 0 ±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 2,190 4.29 +2.32 0 ±0
Equo
(Equo)
559 1.09 New 0 ±0
National Democracy (DN) 181 0.35 +0.25 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals
(PACMA)
152 0.30 +0.14 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 127 0.25 +0.13 0 ±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 73 0.14 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 1,295 2.53 +0.80
Total 51,091 2 ±0
Valid votes 51,091 97.78 +0.19
Invalid votes 1,161 2.22 –0.19
Votes cast / turnout 52,252 67.55 –6.66
Abstentions 25,103 32.45 +6.66
Registered voters 77,355
Sources[9]

2008 general election

Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Soria
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 27,905 49.80 –1.00 1 –1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 23,868 42.60 +3.81 1 ±0
United Left–Alternative (IU) 1,253 2.24 +0.10 0 ±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 1,106 1.97 New 0 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 187 0.33 New 0 ±0
The Greens (LV) 107 0.19 New 0 ±0
The Greens of Europe (LVdE) 96 0.17 New 0 ±0
Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals
(PACMA)
91 0.16 New 0 ±0
Social Democratic Party (PSD) 83 0.15 New 0 ±0
Commoners' Land (TC) 83 0.15 +0.03 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 66 0.12 New 0 ±0
National Democracy (DN) 55 0.10 +0.06 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Castilian People (PCPC–PCPE) 50 0.09 +0.04 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 48 0.09 +0.03 0 ±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV) 27 0.05 New 0 ±0
Spanish Alternative (AES) 20 0.04 New 0 ±0
Spain 2000 (E–2000) 16 0.03 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 972 1.73 –0.45
Total 56,033 2 –1
Valid votes 56,033 97.59 +0.32
Invalid votes 1,386 2.41 –0.32
Votes cast / turnout 57,419 74.21 –1.01
Abstentions 19,951 25.79 +1.01
Registered voters 77,370
Sources[9]

2004 general election

Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results in Soria
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 29,187 50.80 –7.67 2 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 22,287 38.79 +6.81 1 ±0
Initiative for the Development of Soria (IDES) 2,934 5.11 New 0 ±0
United Left (IU) 1,230 2.14 –2.19 0 ±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB) 100 0.17 New 0 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 89 0.15 –1.15 0 ±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 71 0.12 –0.31 0 ±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV) 39 0.10 New 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 35 0.06 New 0 ±0
Republican Left (IR) 34 0.06 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 32 0.06 New 0 ±0
Carlist Party (PC) 28 0.05 New 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Castilian People (PCPC–PCPE) 28 0.05 New 0 ±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE) 25 0.04 –0.06 0 ±0
National Democracy (DN) 23 0.04 New 0 ±0
The Phalanx (FE) 20 0.03 –0.07 0 ±0
Spanish Absolute Honesty Political Group (GPHAE) 17 0.03 New 0 ±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA) 17 0.03 New 0 ±0
Republican Social Movement (MSR) 8 0.01 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 1,255 2.18 –0.62
Total 57,459 3 ±0
Valid votes 57,459 97.27 –1.66
Invalid votes 1,612 2.73 +1.66
Votes cast / turnout 59,071 75.22 +5.92
Abstentions 19,460 24.78 –5.92
Registered voters 78,531
Sources[9]

2000 general election

Summary of the 12 March 2000 Congress of Deputies election results in Soria
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 31,883 58.47 +3.27 2 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' PartyProgressives (PSOE–p) 17,436 31.98 –2.31 1 ±0
United Left (IU) 2,363 4.33 –3.57 0 ±0
Centrist Union–Democratic and Social Centre (UC–CDS) 709 1.30 +0.96 0 ±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 237 0.43 +0.21 0 ±0
Natural Law Party (PLN) 112 0.21 New 0 ±0
Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL) 109 0.20 ±0.00 0 ±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE) 57 0.10 New 0 ±0
The Phalanx (FE) 53 0.10 New 0 ±0
Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000) 40 0.07 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 1,527 2.80 +0.96
Total 54,526 3 ±0
Valid votes 54,526 98.93 –0.30
Invalid votes 588 1.07 +0.30
Votes cast / turnout 55,114 69.30 –5.37
Abstentions 24,411 30.70 +5.37
Registered voters 79,525
Sources[9]

1996 general election

Summary of the 3 March 1996 Congress of Deputies election results in Soria
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 32,561 55.20 +4.49 2 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 20,226 34.29 –2.51 1 ±0
United Left of Castile and León (IUCL) 4,662 7.90 +2.29 0 ±0
Centrist Union (UC) 200 0.34 –3.34 0 ±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 132 0.22 +0.17 0 ±0
Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL) 119 0.20 +0.12 0 ±0
Blank ballots 1,083 1.84 +0.40
Total 58,983 3 ±0
Valid votes 58,983 99.23 +0.21
Invalid votes 458 0.77 –0.21
Votes cast / turnout 59,441 74.67 +0.12
Abstentions 20,161 25.33 –0.12
Registered voters 79,602
Sources[9]

1993 general election

Summary of the 6 June 1993 Congress of Deputies election results in Soria
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 29,627 50.71 +2.80 2 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 21,498 36.80 +3.81 1 ±0
United Left of Castile and León (IU) 3,280 5.61 +0.47 0 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 2,151 3.68 –5.74 0 ±0
The Greens (Verdes) 305 0.52 New 0 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos GroupEuropean Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE) 199 0.34 –0.49 0 ±0
The Ecologists (LE) 128 0.22 New 0 ±0
Progressive Sorian Union (US) 98 0.17 New 0 ±0
Nationalist Party of Castile and León (PANCAL) 70 0.12 –0.33 0 ±0
Castilianist Union (UC) 64 0.11 New 0 ±0
Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL) 46 0.08 New 0 ±0
Natural Law Party (PLN) 35 0.06 New 0 ±0
Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)1 33 0.06 –0.08 0 ±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 31 0.05 New 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 12 0.02 –0.23 0 ±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 0 0.00 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 844 1.44 +0.23
Total 58,421 3 ±0
Valid votes 58,421 99.02 +0.46
Invalid votes 578 0.98 –0.46
Votes cast / turnout 58,999 74.55 +3.30
Abstentions 20,144 25.45 –3.30
Registered voters 79,143
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1989 general election

Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Soria
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP)1 26,756 47.91 +5.79 2 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 18,421 32.99 –2.84 1 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 5,260 9.42 –4.67 0 ±0
United Left (IU) 2,872 5.14 +2.50 0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 539 0.97 +0.35 0 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos) 466 0.83 New 0 ±0
Nationalist Party of Castile and León (PANCAL) 252 0.45 New 0 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)2 164 0.29 –0.41 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 137 0.25 New 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 117 0.21 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 106 0.19 –0.14 0 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR) 77 0.14 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 677 1.21 +0.17
Total 55,844 3 ±0
Valid votes 55,844 98.56 +1.77
Invalid votes 814 1.44 –1.77
Votes cast / turnout 56,658 71.25 –0.83
Abstentions 22,862 28.75 +0.83
Registered voters 79,520
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1986 general election

Summary of the 22 June 1986 Congress of Deputies election results in Soria
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Coalition (APPDPPL)1 23,949 42.12 +4.85 2 +1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 20,373 35.83 +0.49 1 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 8,014 14.09 +9.38 0 ±0
United Left (IU)2 1,500 2.64 +1.47 0 ±0
Democratic Reformist Party (PRD) 1,237 2.18 New 0 ±0
Communists' Unity Board (MUC) 400 0.70 New 0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 354 0.62 +0.17 0 ±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 277 0.49 +0.22 0 ±0
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 167 0.29 New 0 ±0
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)
n/a
n/a –18.70 0 –1
Blank ballots 592 1.04 –0.22
Total 56,863 3 ±0
Valid votes 56,863 96.79 +0.30
Invalid votes 1,888 3.21 –0.30
Votes cast / turnout 58,751 72.08 –8.38
Abstentions 22,760 27.92 +8.38
Registered voters 81,511
Sources[9]
Footnotes:
totals in the 1982 election.

1982 general election

Summary of the 28 October 1982 Congress of Deputies election results in Soria
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party (APPDP
)1
22,820 37.27 +27.24 1 +1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 21,639 35.34 +9.79 1 ±0
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 11,453 18.70 –38.50 1 –1
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 2,881 4.71 New 0 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 715 1.17 –1.62 0 ±0
New Force (FN)2 405 0.66 –0.54 0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 278 0.45 New 0 ±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 168 0.27 New 0 ±0
Falangist Movement of Spain (MFE) 102 0.17 New 0 ±0
Revolutionary Communist League (LCR) 0 0.00 New 0 ±0
Communist Movement of Castile and León (MC–CL) 0 0.00 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 769 1.26 +0.20
Total 61,230 3 ±0
Valid votes 61,230 96.49 –1.01
Invalid votes 2,228 3.51 +1.01
Votes cast / turnout 63,458 80.46 +10.81
Abstentions 15,413 19.54 –10.81
Registered voters 78,871
Sources[9]
Footnotes:
totals in the 1979 election.

1979 general election

Summary of the 1 March 1979 Congress of Deputies election results in Soria
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 31,756 57.20 –1.40 2 –1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 14,187 25.55 +2.87 1 +1
Democratic Coalition (CD)2 5,567 10.03 +3.74 0 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 1,550 2.79 +0.81 0 ±0
National Union (UN) 664 1.20 New 0 ±0
Party of Labour of Spain (PTE)3 341 0.61 +0.35 0 ±0
Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT) 320 0.58 New 0 ±0
Communist MovementOrganization of Communist Left (MC–OIC) 301 0.54 New 0 ±0
Communist Organization of Spain (Red Flag) (OCE–BR) 246 0.44 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 588 1.06 +0.59
Total 55,520 3 ±0
Valid votes 55,520 97.50 –0.95
Invalid votes 1,426 2.50 +0.95
Votes cast / turnout 56,946 69.65 –13.10
Abstentions 24,818 30.35 +13.10
Registered voters 81,764
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1977 general election

Summary of the 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results in Soria
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 35,324 58.60
n/a
3 n/a
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 10,757 17.85 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 4,530 7.52 n/a 0 n/a
People's Alliance (AP) 3,792 6.29 n/a 0 n/a
People's Socialist PartySocialist Unity (PSP–US) 2,911 4.83 n/a 0 n/a
Federation of Christian Democracy (FPDID) 1,331 2.21 n/a 0 n/a
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 1,196 1.98 n/a 0 n/a
Democratic Left Front (FDI) 156 0.26 n/a 0 n/a
Blank ballots 282 0.47 n/a
Total 60,279 3 n/a
Valid votes 60,279 98.45 n/a
Invalid votes 951 1.55 n/a
Votes cast / turnout 61,230 82.75 n/a
Abstentions 12,762 17.25 n/a
Registered voters 73,992
Sources[9]

References

  1. .
  2. (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  3. ^ (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  4. ^ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  5. ^ a b "Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales". Royal Decree-Law No. 20 of 18 March 1977 (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  6. ^ a b "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985 (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  7. ^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  8. ISSN 0212-033X
    .
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 April 2022.

41°40′N 2°40′W / 41.667°N 2.667°W / 41.667; -2.667