Sotalol
Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Betapace, Sorine, Sotylize, others[1] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a693010 |
License data | |
Pregnancy category |
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By mouth | |
Drug class | Beta blocker |
ATC code | |
Legal status | |
Legal status | |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 90–100%[3] |
Metabolism | Not metabolized[3] |
Elimination half-life | 12 hours[3] |
Excretion | Kidney Mammary gland (In lactating individuals)[3] |
Identifiers | |
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JSmol) | |
Chirality | Racemic mixture |
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Sotalol, sold under the brand name Betapace among others, is a medication used to treat and prevent
Common side effects include a
Sotalol was first described in 1964 and came into medical use in 1974.
Medical uses
According to the U.S.
Contraindications
According to the FDA, sotalol should not be used in people with a waking heart rate lower than 50 beats per minute.
Since sotalol is removed from the body through the kidneys, it should not be used in people with a
Since sotalol prolongs the QT interval, the FDA recommends against using it in conjunction with other medications that prolong the QT interval.[8] Studies have found serious side effects to be more common in individuals also taking digoxin, possibly because of pre-existing heart failure in those people.[8] As with other beta blockers, it may interact with calcium channel blockers, catecholamine-depleting drugs, insulin or antidiabetic drugs, β2-adrenergic receptor agonists, and clonidine.[8]
Some evidence suggests that sotalol should be avoided in the setting of heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (resulting in the heart squeezing little blood out into the circulation with each pump) due to an increased risk of death.[10]
Adverse effects
Over 10% of oral sotalol users experience
In rare cases, the
Pharmacology
Mechanisms of action
Beta-blocker action
Sotalol is a
Without the binding of catecholamines to the β-adrenergic receptor, the
Type III antiarrhythmic action
Sotalol also acts on potassium channels and causes a delay in relaxation of the ventricles.[16] By blocking these potassium channels, sotalol inhibits efflux of K+ ions, which results in an increase in the time before another electrical signal can be generated in ventricular myocytes.[14] This increase in the period before a new signal for contraction is generated, helps to correct arrhythmias by reducing the potential for premature or abnormal contraction of the ventricles but also prolongs the frequency of ventricular contraction to help treat tachycardia.[medical citation needed]
Pharmacokinetics
Sotalol is classified as a beta blocker with low
History
Sotalol was first synthesized in 1960 by A. A. Larsen of Mead-Johnson Pharmaceutical.[17] It was originally recognized for its blood pressure lowering effects and its ability to reduce the symptoms of angina.[18] It was made available in the United Kingdom and France in 1974, Germany in 1975, and Sweden in 1979.[18] It became widely used in the 1980s.[15] In the 1980s, its antiarrhythmic properties were discovered.[18] The United States approved the drug in 1992.[19]
Society and culture
Brand names
Trade names for Sotalol include Betapace and Betapace AF (
References
- ^ a b c d e f "Sotalol Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
- FDA. Retrieved 22 Oct 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i U.S. Food and Drug Administration (July 2009). "Sotalol: Full Prescribing Information" (PDF). Retrieved 23 April 2015.
- ^ ISBN 9780857113382.
- ISBN 9783527607495.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
- ^ "Sotalol - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Sotylize- sotalol hydrochloride solution". DailyMed. 3 December 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
- PMID 6310053.
- S2CID 21284044.
- PMID 3756977.
- ^ PMID 33572109.
- PMID 8834778.
- ^ S2CID 24561848.
- ^ PMID 8346723.
- PMID 7274246.
- ISBN 9781843765660.
- ^ PMID 2428852.
- PMID 7787496.
- ^ "Betapace- sotalol hydrochloride tablet Betapace AF- sotalol hydrochloride tablet". DailyMed. 10 August 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2020.