Prunus cerasus
Prunus cerasus | |
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1897 illustration[1] | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Rosales |
Family: | Rosaceae |
Genus: | Prunus |
Subgenus: | Prunus subg. Cerasus |
Species: | P. cerasus
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Binomial name | |
Prunus cerasus L. 1753 | |
Synonyms[2] | |
List
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Prunus cerasus (sour
The tree is smaller than the sweet cherry (growing to a height of 4–10 m), has twiggy branches, and its crimson-to-near-black cherries are borne upon shorter stalks. There are two main varieties (groups of cultivars) of the sour cherry: the dark-red Morello cherry and the lighter-red Amarelle cherry.[6]
Origins and cultivation
Prunus cerasus, a
Cultivated sour cherries were selected from wild specimens of Prunus cerasus and the doubtfully distinct P. acida from around the
In England, their cultivation was popularized in the 16th century in the time of Henry VIII. They became a popular crop amongst Kentish growers, and by 1640 over two dozen named cultivars were recorded.[citation needed]
Before the
Sour cherries require similar cultivation conditions to pears, that is, they prefer a rich, well-drained, moist soil, although they demand more nitrogen and water than sweet cherries. Trees will do badly if waterlogged, but have greater tolerance of poor drainage than sweet varieties. As with sweet cherries, Morellos are traditionally cultivated by budding onto strong growing rootstocks, which produce trees too large for most gardens, although newer dwarfing rootstocks such as Colt and Gisella are now available. During spring, flowers should be protected, and trees weeded, mulched and sprayed with natural seaweed solution. This is also the time when any required pruning should be carried out (note that cherries should not be pruned during the dormant winter months). Morello cherry trees fruit on younger wood than sweet varieties, and thus can be pruned harder. They are usually grown as standards, but can be fan trained, cropping well even on cold walls, or grown as low bushes.[8]
Sour cherries suffer fewer pests and diseases than sweet cherries, although they are prone to heavy fruit losses from birds. In summer, fruit should be protected with netting. When harvesting fruit, they should be cut from the tree rather than risking damage by pulling the stalks.[citation needed]
Unlike most sweet cherry varieties, sour cherries are
Top 10 sour cherry producers in 2012 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Production (tonnes) | Footnote | ||
Turkey | 187,941 | |||
Russia | 183,300 | * | ||
Poland | 175,391 | |||
Ukraine | 172,800 | |||
Iran | 105,000 | F | ||
Serbia | 74,656 | |||
Hungary | 53,425 | |||
United States | 38,601 | |||
Uzbekistan | 34,000 | F | ||
Azerbaijan | 23,085 | |||
World | 1,149,531 | A | ||
* = Unofficial figure | [ ] = Official data | A = May include official, semi-official or estimated data F = FAO estimate | Im = FAO data based on imputation methodology | M = Data not available Source: |
Uses
Culinary
Dried sour cherries are used in cooking including soups, pork dishes, cakes, tarts, and pies. Also used to make a jam/fruit spread.[citation needed]
Sour cherries are particularly popular in
Sour cherries or sour cherry
In Germany and Austria sour cherries are often used for desserts such as the Donauwelle.See also
- Fruit trees
- Fruit tree forms
- Fruit tree propagation
- Ginjinha, a Portuguese liqueur made from sour cherries
- Griotte de Kleparow
- Kirsch
- Kriek, a traditional Belgian beer made with sour cherries
- Marasca cherry (Prunus cerasus var. marasca)
- Amarena cherry (Prunus cerasus var. amarena)
- North Star cherry, a dwarf variety
- Pruning fruit trees
- Sour cherry soup
- Syzygium corynanthum, an Australian rainforest tree also known as the sour cherry
- Vișinată, a Romanian liqueur made with sour cherries (vișina in Romanian)
References
- ^ illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen 1897
- ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved January 27, 2014.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Prunus cerasus". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ISBN 0-394-50760-6.
- ^ Webster’s New International Dictionary of the English Language. Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1913. See amarelle at p. 67.
- ^ Stocks, Christopher (2009). "Britain's forgotten fruits". Flora. 1: 1–200.
- ^ "NALDC". naldc.nal.usda.gov.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2016-11-01.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Major Food And Agricultural Commodities And Producers – Countries By Commodity". Fao.org. Retrieved Feb 3, 2015.
- ISBN 978-0-684-84381-0.
- ^ "Guinda". Frutasdelbosque.org (in Spanish). 28 September 2021.