South East England
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South East England | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 51°18′N 0°48′W / 51.3°N 0.8°W | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Country | England |
Districts |
|
Counties | |
Government | |
• Type | Local authority leaders' board |
• Body | South East England Councils |
• House of Commons | 84 MPs (of 650) |
Area | |
• Total | 7,500 sq mi (19,400 km2) |
• Land | 7,364 sq mi (19,072 km2) |
• Water | 6 sq mi (16 km2) |
• Rank | 3rd |
Population (2021)[2] | |
• Total | 9,294,023 |
• Rank | 1st |
• Density | 1,260/sq mi (487/km2) |
Ethnicity (2021) | |
• Ethnic groups | |
Religion (2021) | |
• Religion | List
|
GSS code | E12000008 |
ITL code | TLJ |
GVA | 2021 estimate[4] |
• Total | £301.5 billion |
• Rank | 2nd |
• Per capita | £32,443 |
• Rank | 2nd |
GDP (nominal) | 2021 estimate[5] |
• Total | £336.2 billion |
• Rank | 2nd |
• Per capita | £36,174 |
• Rank | 2nd |
This article is part of a series within the Politics of the United Kingdom on the |
South East England is one of the nine official
South East England is the third-largest region of England, with a land area of 19,072 square kilometres (7,364 sq mi), and is also the most populous with a total population of over nine million.[1][2] The region contains eight legally chartered cities: Brighton and Hove, Canterbury, Chichester, Milton Keynes, Oxford, Portsmouth, Southampton and Winchester. The region's close proximity to London has led to South East England becoming a prosperous economic hub with the largest economy of any region in the UK, after London. The region is home to Gatwick Airport, the UK's second-busiest airport, and Heathrow Airport (the UK's busiest airport) is located adjacent to the region's boundary with Greater London. The coastline along the English Channel provides numerous ferry crossings to mainland Europe.
The region is known for its countryside, which includes two national parks: the
South East England is host to various sporting events, including the annual
In
History
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The Meonhill Vineyard, near
Second World War
Much of the
Scientific heritage
John Wallis of Kent, introduced the symbol for infinity, and the standard notation for powers of numbers in 1656. Thomas Bayes was an important statistician from Tunbridge Wells; his theorem (of probability theory) is used for spam filters and Google's search.
Sir
Donald Watts Davies invented packet switching in the late 1960s at the National Physical Laboratory in Teddington. Packet-switching was taken up by the Americans to form the ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet.
Surrey's
Sir John Herschel, son of the astronomer, from Kent, invented the term photography in 1839, meaning light writing. and discovered the first photographic fixer, sodium thiosulphate, known as hypo, also in 1839.
GLEEP was Britain's first nuclear reactor, in August 1947 at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE) at Harwell, it would stay operational until 1990.
Industrial heritage
Transport and communications
Sir Francis Pettit Smith of Kent invented the screw propeller.
On 3 May 1830 the world's first passenger train service, the Canterbury and Whitstable Railway (6 miles or 10 km) began. It was built by George Stephenson and hauled by the locomotive Invicta. It introduced the world's first railway season ticket in 1834.
Maidenhead Railway Bridge, known for its flat arch, was built in 1839 with 39-metre spans.
The Military Vehicles and Engineering Establishment, in Chertsey, developed Chobham armour.
On 12 April 1903, the world's first bus service was by Eastbourne Buses from Eastbourne railway station to Meads.
The world's first submarine telephone cable was laid between England and France in 1891 by HMTS Monarch, enabling London-Paris calls from April 1891. On 3 December 1992, Neil Papworth of Reading, an engineer from Sema Group Telecoms at Vodafone in Newbury, sent the world's first text message from his computer to an Orbitel 901 handset of Richard Jarvis, Vodafone's technical director.
The first public automatic telephone exchange in the UK was at Epsom telephone exchange from 18 May 1912. It was introduced as standard across the UK's 6,700 telephone exchanges in 1922, lasting for around 70 years; it could handle up to 500 lines. It used the Strowger design and was made by Automatic Telephone Manufacturing Company of Liverpool.[8] The world's first automatic telephone exchange had opened in La Porte, Indiana in November 1892.
ThrustSSC, the fastest car in the world in 1997, was built in Aldingbourne, West Sussex, by G-Force Engineering, designed by Ron Ayers, with further work done by the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency at Farnborough.
The BritNed 1000MW power-supply submarine cable from Isle of Grain to Rotterdam, was built in 2009. The HVDC Cross-Channel (2000MW) submarine cable was built in 1986. This is the world's highest-capacity submarine HVDC cable; it goes from France and lands near Folkestone, with the large transformer station (built by GEC) squeezed between the CTRL and the M20 in Aldington and Smeeth, made of eight 270 kV cables.
- Aviation
On 16 October 1908 the British Army Aeroplane No 1, flown by the American Samuel Franklin Cody, was the first aircraft flown in the UK, at Farnborough; on 14 May 1909 he flew it for more than a mile. On 13 August 1909, his wife was the first woman in the UK to fly in a plane, also at Farnborough.
The first human airborne ejection seat firing took place on 24 July 1946 over
The first Harrier aircraft XV738 flew on 28 December 1967; this was the first aircraft of the RAF to have a head-up display avionics system. The first two-seat Harrier XW174 flew on 24 April 1969, later crashing at Larkhill in June 1969. The British Aerospace Sea Harrier XZ450 first flew on 20 August 1978; on 4 May 1982 this aircraft was hit by anti-aircraft fire at Goose Green, killing the pilot with 800 Naval Air Squadron from HMS Hermes; the aircraft had no radar warning receiver (RWR), due to testing the Sea Eagle, so could not detect the Skyguard radar had locked on to it. It was destroyed with the Oerlikon GDF (35mm) of GADA 601; it was the first Sea Harrier lost in the Falklands campaign.
Royston Instruments of Byfleet developed the world's first multi-channel flight data recorders in 1965.
Although the
Other industries
The Wealden iron industry in the Weald was the site of the first blast furnace in Britain in 1491, and produced much of Britain's cast iron until the 1770s.
Portsmouth Block Mills were the site of the world's first metal machine tools, built for the manufacture of wooden pulleys, invented by Henry Maudslay, and the site of the world's first industrial assembly line in 1803.
Portland cement was developed in Northfleet, Kent, by William Aspdin, son of
The
The
Geography
The highest point is Walbury Hill in Berkshire at 297 m (974 ft).
Britain's tallest native tree, according to The Tree Register in April 2015, is a 144-ft beech at Devil's Dyke in Newtimber Woods in West Sussex.
Historical boundaries
Until 1999, there was a south east
Alternative definitions
In unofficial usage, the South East can refer to a varying area – sometimes only to London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, and Surrey; but sometimes to an area corresponding to the former Standard Statistical Region. The South East is also occasionally used as a synonym for the home counties.
Demographics
The population of the region at the 2011 census was 8,634,750 making it the most populous English region.
The South East has the highest percentage of people born outside of Britain other than
Census | Population | Change |
---|---|---|
1801 | 962,350 | |
1811 | 1,072,563 | 10.3 |
1821 | 1,239,883 | 13.5 |
1831 | 1,378,755 | 10.1 |
1841 | 1,561,792 | 11.7 |
1851 | 1,687,558 | 7.5 |
1861 | 1,957,208 | 13.8 |
1871 | 2,226,880 | 12.1 |
1881 | 2,496,534 | 10.8 |
1891 | 2,776,842 | 10.1 |
1901 | 3,093,606 | 10.2 |
1911 | 3,472,091 | 10.9 |
1921 | 3,718,228 | 6.6 |
1931 | 3,995,122 | 6.9 |
1941a | 4,443,002 | 10.1 |
1951 | 4,976,340 | 10.7 |
1961 | 5,738,844 | 13.3 |
1971 | 6,718,771 | 14.6 |
1981 | 7,025,593 | 4.4 |
1991 | 7,677,641 | 8.5 |
2001 | 8,000,550 | 4.0 |
2011 | 8,634,750 | 7.9 |
a There was no census in 1941.
Cities and towns
City/town | Ceremonial county | Population | |
---|---|---|---|
City/town (2019) |
Conurbation (2011) | ||
Brighton and Hove | East Sussex | 290,885 | 474,485 |
Milton Keynes | Buckinghamshire | 269,457 | 229,941 |
Southampton | Hampshire | 252,520 | 855,569 |
Portsmouth | Hampshire | 214,905 | [n 1] |
Slough | Berkshire | 164,455 | 163,777 |
Reading | Berkshire | 161,780 | 318,014 |
Oxford | Oxfordshire | 152,457 | 171,380 |
High Wycombe | Buckinghamshire | 125,257 | 133,204 |
Basingstoke | Hampshire | 113,776 | 107,642 |
Maidstone | Kent | 113,137 | 107,627 |
Crawley | West Sussex | 112,409 | 180,508 |
Worthing | West Sussex | 110,570 | [n 2] |
Gillingham | Kent | 104,157[14] | 243,931 |
Eastbourne | East Sussex | 103,745 | 118,219 |
Ethnicity
Ethnic group | 1981 estimates[15] | 1991[16] | 2001[17] | 2011[18] | 2021[19] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
White: Total | 6,691,186 | 97.2% | 7,271,256 | 96.9% | 7,608,989 | 95.10% | 7,827,820 | 90.65% | 8,009,380 | 86.2% |
White: British | – | – | – | – | 7,304,678 | 91.3% | 7,358,998 | 85.22% | 7,315,058 | 78.8% |
White: Irish
|
– | – | – | – | 82,405 | 1.02% | 73,571 | 0.9% | 78,219 | 0.8% |
White: Irish Traveller/Gypsy
|
– | – | – | – | – | – | 14,542 | 0.2% | 16,748 | 0.2% |
White: Roma | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12,786 | 0.1% |
White: Other
|
– | – | – | – | 221,906 | 2.77% | 380,709 | 4.4% | 586,569 | 6.3% |
Asian or Asian British : Total
|
– | – | 149,198 | 2% | 219,704 | 2.74% | 452,042 | 5.23% | 650,545 | 7% |
Asian or Asian British: Indian
|
– | – | 64,888 | 0.9% | 89,219 | 1.1% | 152,132 | 1.76% | 241,537 | 2.6% |
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani
|
– | – | 35,946 | 0.5% | 58,520 | 99,246 | 145,311 | 1.6% | ||
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi
|
– | – | 8,546 | 0.1% | 15,358 | 27,951 | 39,881 | 0.4% | ||
Asian or Asian British: Chinese | – | – | 18,226 | 0.2% | 33,089 | 53,061 | 64,329 | 0.7% | ||
Asian or Asian British: Asian Other
|
– | – | 21,592 | 0.3% | 23,518 | 119,652 | 1.38% | 159,487 | 1.7% | |
Black or Black British: Total | – | – | 46,636 | 0.6% | 56,914 | 0.71% | 136,013 | 1.57% | 221,584 | 2.4% |
Black or Black British: African
|
– | – | 9,588 | 0.1% | 24,582 | 87,345 | 150,540 | 1.6% | ||
Black or Black British: Caribbean
|
– | – | 23,633 | 0.3% | 27,452 | 34,225 | 43,523 | 0.5% | ||
Black or Black British: Other
|
– | – | 13,415 | 0.2% | 4,880 | 14,443 | 27,521 | 0.3% | ||
Mixed: Total | – | – | – | – | 85,779 | 1.07% | 167,764 | 1.94% | 260,871 | 2.8% |
Mixed: Caribbean
|
– | – | – | – | 23,742 | 0.3% | 45,980 | 62,087 | 0.7% | |
Mixed: African
|
– | – | – | – | 9,493 | 0.1% | 22,825 | 38,633 | 0.4% | |
Mixed: Asian
|
– | – | – | – | 29,977 | 0.4% | 58,764 | 88,106 | 0.9% | |
Mixed: Other Mixed
|
– | – | – | – | 22,567 | 0.3% | 40,195 | 72,045 | 0.8% | |
Other: Total | – | – | 32,964 | 0.4% | 29,259 | 0.36% | 51,111 | 0.59% | 135,683 | 1.4% |
Other: Arab
|
– | – | – | – | – | – | 19,363 | 29,574 | 0.3% | |
Other: Any other ethnic group | – | – | 32,964 | 0.4% | 29,259 | 0.36% | 31,748 | 0.36% | 106,109 | 1.1% |
Ethnic minority: Total | 191,229 | 2.8% | 228,798 | 3.1% | 391,656 | 4.9% | 806,930 | 9.4% | 1,268,683 | 13.8% |
Total | 6,882,415 | 100% | 7,500,054 | 100% | 8,000,645 | 100% | 8,634,750 | 100% | 9,278,063 | 100% |
Governance and politics
South East England is an official region for statistical and strategic planning purposes, but is not served by any directly elected regional government. From 1998 to 2010 local councils sent[
Map | Ceremonial county | Shire county / unitary | Districts |
---|---|---|---|
1. Berkshire | a) West Berkshire U.A. | ||
b) Reading U.A. | |||
c) Wokingham U.A.
| |||
d) Bracknell Forest U.A. | |||
e) Windsor and Maidenhead U.A.
|
|||
f) Slough U.A. | |||
Buckinghamshire | 2. Buckinghamshire U.A. | ||
3. Milton Keynes U.A. | |||
East Sussex | 4. East Sussex | a) Lewes
| |
5. Brighton & Hove U.A.
| |||
Hampshire | 6. Hampshire | a) New Forest
| |
7. Southampton U.A. | |||
8. Portsmouth U.A. | |||
9. Isle of Wight | |||
Kent | 10. Kent | a) Dover, l) Thanet
| |
11. Medway U.A. | |||
12. Oxfordshire | a) Oxford, b) Cherwell, c) South Oxfordshire, d) Vale of White Horse, e) West Oxfordshire | ||
13. Surrey | a) Tandridge, k) Epsom and Ewell
| ||
14. West Sussex | a) Adur
|
Westminster seats
The South East of England is the most Conservative voting region of Britain in terms of both seats and votes. The area also has some seats where there is strong support for other parties, for example, Oxford, Slough and Southampton Test for Labour and Brighton Pavilion which is held by the Green Party. Out of 84 parliamentary seats, the Conservatives hold 72. In the 2017 general election, the Conservatives won 54.8% of votes, Labour 28.6%, Liberal Democrats 10.6%, Greens 3.1%, and UKIP 2.2%.
Date of election | Electorate | Con | Lab | Lib Dem | UKIP | Green | Others | Lead |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12 December 2019 | 4,652,810[21] | 54.0% | 22.1% | 18.2% | 0.2% | 3.9% | 1.5% | 31.9% |
8 June 2017 | 4,635,741[22] | 54.8% | 28.7% | 10.6% | 2.3% | 3.1% | 0.5% | 26.1% |
7 May 2015 | 4,394,400[23] | 50.8% | 18.3% | 9.4% | 14.7% | 5.2% | 1.5% | 31.5% |
6 May 2010 | 4,294,240[24] | 49.9% | 16.2% | 26.2% | 4.1% | 1.4% | 2.2% | 23.7% |
5 May 2005 | 3,901,598[25] | 45.0% | 24.4% | 25.4% | 3.1% | 1.3% | 0.8% | 19.6% |
7 June 2001 | 5,187,711[26] | 42.6% | 31.7% | 21.6% | 4.1% | 10.9% | ||
1 May 1997 | 4,341,608[27] | 41.9% | 29.1% | 23.3% | 5.7% | 7.2% | ||
9 April 1992 | 6,455,871[28] | 54.5% | 20.8% | 23.3% | 1.4% | 31.2% | ||
11 July 1987 | 6,087,487[29] | 55.6% | 16.8% | 27.2% | 0.5% | 28.4% | ||
9 June 1983 | 9,101,444[30] | 50.5% | 21.1% | 27.1% | 1.0% | 23.4% |
Eurostat NUTS
In the Eurostat Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS), South East England is a level-1 NUTS region, coded "UKJ", which is subdivided as follows:
NUTS 1 | Code | NUTS 2 | Code | NUTS 3 | Code |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
South East England | UKJ | Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, and Oxfordshire | UKJ1 | Berkshire | UKJ11 |
City of Milton Keynes | UKJ12 | ||||
Buckinghamshire Council (UA) | UKJ13 | ||||
Oxfordshire | UKJ14 | ||||
Surrey, East and West Sussex | UKJ2 | Brighton and Hove | UKJ21 | ||
East Sussex CC | UKJ22 | ||||
West Surrey ( Woking )
|
UKJ25 | ||||
East Surrey (Epsom and Ewell, Mole Valley, Reigate and Banstead and Tandridge) | UKJ26 | ||||
West Sussex (South West) - (Adur, Arun, Chichester and Worthing) | UKJ27 | ||||
West Sussex (North East) - (Crawley, Horsham and Mid Sussex) | UKJ28 | ||||
Hampshire and Isle of Wight | UKJ3 | Portsmouth | UKJ31 | ||
Southampton | UKJ32 | ||||
Isle of Wight | UKJ34 | ||||
South Hampshire (Eastleigh, Fareham, Gosport and Havant) | UKJ35 | ||||
Central Hampshire (East Hampshire, New Forest, Test Valley and Winchester) | UKJ36 | ||||
North Hampshire (Basingstoke and Deane, Hart and Rushmoor) | UKJ37 | ||||
Kent | UKJ4 | Medway | UKJ41 | ||
Kent Thames Gateway (Dartford, Gravesham and Swale) | UKJ43 | ||||
East Kent ( Folkestone and Hythe and Thanet )
|
UKJ44 | ||||
Mid Kent (Ashford and Maidstone) | UKJ45 | ||||
West Kent (Sevenoaks, Tonbridge and Malling and Tunbridge Wells) | UKJ46 |
Education
Schools
Buckinghamshire, Medway and Kent, and Slough have an almost completely
508,000 in the region are at state secondary schools (the highest in England) with 101,000 in Kent (the highest in England for a county and completely selective) then 70,000 in Hampshire, 60,000 in Surrey, 45,000 in West Sussex, 36,000 in Oxfordshire, 35,000 in Buckinghamsire. The lowest is 6,000 at Bracknell Forest, then Reading with about 6,000. Of all regions, the South-East has the greatest percentage that attend a grammar school: 12%; the next highest is the South-West with 6%.
The region has the highest number of sixth formers, outside of London, in England;
For languages, the best is Kent: the county achieves the most A-level language passes in England, although Hampshire is a close second. Both counties get more German A level passes than the whole of North East England. Buckinghamshire and Surrey have high language A-level passes. Hampshire gets the most A-level passes in England (27,500), again more than North-East England (25,000). Although Hampshire is the best at languages, Portsmouth gets the fewest language passes in the region, and some of the lowest in England, with four French A levels, and has only 500 A level passes in total; next lowest are Slough, Bracknell Forest, and Southampton.
Reading School, a grammar, is the state school that gets the highest percentage (23%) into Oxbridge in 2010, behind 10 independents, and is also the oldest existing state grammar school in England;[34] above it in the region, of the independent schools, are Magdalen College School, Oxford (32%), Guildford High School (26%) and Wycombe Abbey (25%). The Kendrick School, also in Reading, gets the 4th highest state school acceptance percentage to Oxbridge (18%) and the second highest in England outside of two grammar schools in London. Of the 25 state schools in the top 100 schools getting to Oxbridge, 7 are from the region. Many people from the north of East Sussex go to Kent's grammars; some people on the London edge of Surrey attend grammars in Kingston upon Thames; and Buckingham's two grammars attract people from nearby Milton Keynes;[35] Buckinghamshire's grammar schools get some of best admissions to Oxbridge in the UK. Surrey has twice as many acceptances into Oxbridge as the whole of Wales; acceptances to Oxbridge are concentrated in 10 counties in the South-East.
1% of those at school in the South-East gained no GCSE passes in 2010; Portsmouth was most with 2.5%, and Windsor and Maidenhead had the lowest with 0.2%. For school free school meals, the region has the lowest percentage in England with 7.2%; the highest percentage is Southampton with 17%, and the lowest is Wokingham with 3.5% (the second lowest in England after Rutland); Buckinghamshire is 4.3%, then Bracknell Forest and Surrey are 4.9%. For truancy, the highest is South Bucks at 7.0, then Canterbury 7.0, Portsmouth 6.9, Thanet 6.9, Southampton 6.4, and Rushmoor 6.1. The lowest truancy percentages are for Tandridge 2.5, Windsor & Maidenhead 2.5, and Slough 2.5.
At
There are forty-nine FE colleges in the region. The two main FE colleges are Northbrook College in Sussex and Basingstoke College of Technology in Hampshire. Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshore share an LSC (which fund FE colleges), and Sussex has a combined LSC. The region's LSC office was in Reading, looking after five areas.
Universities
The best known university in the region is the University of Oxford, famous for its academic achievements, and also for its ornate colleges and its rowing crews on the Thames. It was ranked the fourth best university in the world by the Times Higher Education Supplement in 2013.[36]
Other universities include:
- University of Brighton, Brighton and Eastbourne
- University of Buckingham, Buckingham
- Buckinghamshire New University, High Wycombe, Aylesbury, Uxbridge and Great Missenden
- Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Medway towns and Tunbridge Wells
- University of Chichester, Chichester and Bognor Regis
- University of Kent, Canterbury
- The University of Law, Guildford (as well as eight other UK campuses outside South East England)
- University of Reading, Reading, Henley-on-Thames
- The Open University, Milton Keynes
- Oxford Brookes University, Oxford
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham
- Solent University, Southampton
- University of Southampton, Southampton
- University of Surrey, Guildford
- University of Sussex, Brighton
- University of Winchester, Winchester
By total
Oxford and Southampton have the largest numbers of students, followed by Brighton. Of total students in the region, around 45% are from the region and 35% from other regions. Of full-time first degree students in the region, over 35% are from the region, 15% are from London, and 10% each are from the East of England and the South-West; in total, around 70% are from the south of England. Very few are from the North-East or Scotland. Around 35% of the region's native students stay in the region, with 15% going to London and over 10% going to the South-West. In general, for other regions of the UK, the South-East's students are more prepared to study in other regions than those regions' students are prepared to study in the South-East. Once they graduate, over 50% stay in the South-East, with 25% going to London, around 5% going to the East of England, and around 10% going to the South-West; around 90% stay in the south of England.
Economy
Overall, the South East of England is a very prosperous area with the second largest regional economy in the UK (after London), valued at £177 billion in 2006.[38] GDP per capita in 2007 was estimated at £22,624, compared with a UK average of £19,956, making South East England the second richest region per capita, behind London.[39] However prosperity varies significantly across the region and despite its image of wealth there are large pockets of deprivation. GDP per capita in Berkshire and Milton Keynes is more than twice that of East Sussex and the Isle of Wight.[40]
The region's Manufacturing Advisory Service is on the A30 in Hook, north Hampshire[41] The UKTI service for the region[42] is on Victory Park in Whiteley, off junction 9 of the M27, opposite the Solent Hotel.[43]
The
Many high technology companies are located near the M3 in Surrey and the M4 in Berkshire.
South-East Region | GDP € | GDP per capita € (2013)[40] |
---|---|---|
Berkshire | €45.2 bn | €51,500 (includes Borough of Reading )
|
Buckinghamshire | €18.6 bn | €36,100 (excludes City of Milton Keynes UA) |
Oxfordshire | €25.3 bn | €38,000 |
Milton Keynes | €12.8 bn | €50,300 |
Brighton & Hove | €8.4 bn | €30,400 |
East Sussex CC | €11.1 bn | €20,800 |
Surrey | €46.6 bn | €40,500 |
West Sussex | €24.6 bn | €32,000 |
Portsmouth | €6.8 bn | €33,000 |
Southampton | €7.4 bn | €30,700 |
Hampshire CC | €44.6 bn | €33,400 (excludes Portsmouth and Southampton) |
Isle of Wight | €2.8 bn | €20,300 |
Medway | €5.6 bn | €20,900 |
Kent CC | €38.6 bn | €25,900 |
TOTAL | €300.5 bn | €34.200 |
Transport
The main road transport routes are along the
The
The main intercontinental airport is
but also serves (and is serviced by) the South East region.The Great Western Main Line passes through Berkshire, Oxfordshire and southern Buckinghamshire. The South Eastern Main Line and High Speed 1 pass through Kent; the latter connects to the Channel Tunnel. The Brighton Main Line passes through Surrey and West Sussex. The North Downs Line runs from Berkshire then through Surrey to connect with Sussex and Kent. The West Coast Main Line passes through northern Buckinghamshire. The Chiltern Main Line is a major commuter line between Birmingham and London passing through central Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire. The Port of Dover and the port at Folkestone have many ferry services to France and though none currently run to Belgium.
This section needs to be updated.(May 2020) |
As part of the transport planning system the Regional Assembly is under statutory requirement to produce a Regional Transport Strategy (RTS) to provide long term planning for transport in the region. This involves region wide transport schemes such as those carried out by the
The most recent LTP is that for the period 2006–11. In the South East region the following transport authorities have published their LTP online:
Economic activity by county
Berkshire
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2017) |
Companies in Berkshire essentially follow the
The
Retriever Sports, on the Mill Street Ind Est near
Toyota Material Handling UK (fork lifts) is next door to Slough Heat and Power station.
Further east on the A404(M) is
On the other side of the A329, towards the B3408, is
Buckinghamshire
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2017) |
High Wycombe is known historically for its furniture industry, and has the Association of Master Upholsterers & Soft Furnishers.
The UK base of
NT CADCAM in
East of the
To the east, near the M1 and the
In the south-east of Milton Keynes,
In the south-west of Milton-Keynes, Chemetall, a chemical company, is in Denbigh West, Bletchley, near Marshall Amplification, near Denbigh Roundabout (B4034); Yokohama UK (tyres) is at Mount Farm (Bletchley and Fenny Stratford) north of Denbigh West, next to the A5 (Fenny Stratford bypass); to the east of Mount Farm, Kemble and Co. were Britain's last piano manufacturers, until the factory closed in 2009. Holophane Europe make floodlighting on the Mount Farm Ind Est, east of A4146/A5 Caldecotte Interchange; on the west of Mount Farm, on the B4034, Basell Polyolefins UK (part of the Dutch LyondellBasell) make polypropylene compounds. Domino's Pizza Group (arrived in the UK in 1985) is in West Ashland near the A5/A421 junction. Suzuki GB is on the A421 near B4034 roundabout at Tattenhoe in Shenley Brook End on the south-western edge.
Elsewhere in the borough,
Hampshire
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2017) |
The
DKB Household UK (
The Ford Southampton plant of Ford, near Southampton Airport and Stoneham Interchange (A335) of the M27, closed in July with production of the Transit moving to the Ford Otosan plant in Gölcük, Kocaeli (Turkey). Skandia Insurance have their UK base there. Carnival Corporation & plc, the world's largest cruise ship operator, has one of its two headquarters at Carnival House. The Maritime and Coastguard Agency is in the town centre near the A3057. Swatch UK (and Omega UK) are based near Millbrook Flyover (A33).
Kenwood, owned by
The
On the Chineham Business Park is the
Gale Cengage UK are in the east of Andover, off the A3093 on Walworth Industrial Estate; further south are Twinings (who also own Ovaltine) and to east of the estate is Stannah Lifts (owned by SSI Schaefer), next to Petty Wood, owner of the Epicure food brand, with Le Creuset UK (cookware); Euronics UK is further west. The Army Air Corps trains at AAC Middle Wallop, off the A343. Britten-Norman (B-N Group) make turboprop aeroplanes on the Isle of Wight. The Danish Vestas (former NEG Micon before 2004) closed the UK's only wind turbine factory on the Isle of Wight in 2010, and Vestas Technology have a research site in Northwood; Stainless Games developed Carmageddon. GKN Aerospace at East Cowes make engine nacelles, with its Composites Research Centre, in the former main plant of Saunders-Roe. Ratsey and Lapthorn make sails at Cowes.
Kent
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2017) |
Further south along the M20,
Cummins Power Generation is in Acol, near Manston Airport on the A299, and Pfizer, the largest pharmaceutical company in the world and manufacturer of Anadin, had its European R&D site in Sandwich until 2012, next to the River Stour and A256. Hornby, with Airfix and Humbrol, is on the A254 on Westwood Ind Est on the southern edge of Margate; the site started out as Tri-ang Railways in 1954, becoming Hornby in 1972 when the parent company collapsed, and the last model train sets were made there in 1999; these are now made by a company owned by Kader. Delfinware (owned by WPP plc) makes dish drainers off the A259 on the Pennypot Ind Estate in Hythe. Megger Group Limited make electrical test equipment in Dover on the A20; nearby P&O Ferries is on the A20 below the Dover Western Heights. Saga plc, founded in 1959, has a large headquarters in Sandgate, next to Folkestone School for Girls, at the A259/B2963 junction.
Oxfordshire
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2017) |
The
In
Williams Grand Prix Engineering is based at Grove on the A338 north of Wantage. Towards Wiltshire, the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom is in Shrivenham, with the Defence School of Languages (previously at Wilton Park north of the M40 Beaconsfield Interchange), and the Joint Services Command and Staff College is in Watchfield.
Surrey
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In the area straddling the
Near
Although
Sussex
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2017) |
The
The
Culture
The culture of South East England has been influenced a number of factors: by its part of contributing to the "idealised English identity", due to the region's historic idyllic rural landscape;[74] its serving for Greater London as commuting hinterland,[75] and, in recent times, the concentration of the UK's creative industry across the South East as well as London.[74][76]
Literature, TV Puppetry & Animation, Cinema, Music and Cuisine
Trumpton (1967) was based on Plumpton, East Sussex, with other titles in the series based on nearby villages; Trumpton was actually shot by Gordon Murray's company in Crouch End, London. Gerry Anderson's AP Films filmed Thunderbirds on the Slough Trading Estate near to the site's cooling towers, being first broadcast in 1965. The Native American woman Pocahontas is buried at St George's Church, Gravesend in Kent and was the inspiration for the popular Disney animated film of the same name.[79]
The first multiplex cinema in the UK was in Milton Keynes, in the mid-1980s.[80]
Elgar wrote his
Media
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2017) |
Television
The
- Television coverage for Buckinghamshire is complex and is split three ways depending on location. The western part of the county is in the BBC South and ITV Meridian (South Coast sub-region).[ITV London News which both broadcast from London.
- Television coverage for Buckinghamshire is complex and is split three ways depending on location. The western part of the county is in the BBC South and ITV Meridian (South Coast sub-region).[
Radio
- Sussex, Solent, Oxford, and Kent, with Buckinghamshire & Milton Keynes served by BBC Three Counties Radio (which also covers Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire, and falls under the BBC Eastregion).
- Commercial radio stations include:
- Wave 105, a regional adult contemporary music service based in Fareham
- Heart Dorset and New Forest and Heart Hampshire), and Heart Kent. Milton Keynes is served by - and is the studio base of - Heart East (via the former Heart 103.3/Horizon Radio)
- Capital South (previously known as Galaxy South Coast/Power FM based in Segensworth and Juice 107.2 in Brighton)
- Mix 96 (Aylesbury)on FM and this was added to the Herts/Beds/Bucks DAB multiplex.
- Easy Radio South Coast(former Hits Radio South Coast, 107.4 The Quay, Portsmouth; The Saint, Southampton; and Dream 107.2, Winchester).
- More Radio is broadcast on four frequencies in Sussex, previously (Worthing). A countywide service broadcasts on DAB, alongside from 2021 a digital-first sibling station, More Radio Retro.
- Isle of Wight Radio
- KMFM, a network of seven stations in Kent, and a countywide DAB output, since 2012 sharing all programmes from the premises of KMFM Medway
- Milton Keynes is served by BBC Three Counties Radio, Heart FM and MKFM.
Newspapers
The region is served by
Sport
The
The BDO World Darts Championship are held in early January at Lakeside Leisure Complex.[93][94]
Wentworth Golf Club in Surrey is the home of the BMW PGA Championship.[95]
Charles William Miller, who went to school in Southampton, was responsible for taking football to Brazil. He had a Scottish father and a Brazilian mother; around the same time, Alexander Watson Hutton, a Scottish teacher, had taken football to Argentina; Dresden English Football Club, founded by British workers, would bring football to Germany.[96]
See also
- Outline of England
- List of schools in the South East of England
Notes
- ^ Part of South Hampshire.
- ^ Part of Brighton and Hove built-up area.
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External links
- Government Office for the South East
- South East England Councils
- Government's list of councils in the South East
- Tourism Information - Visit South East England
- Information and History of Southern England Archived 13 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- South East England Intelligence Network - facts, figures and research on the South East
- South East England Business Community Directory