South Hampton Roads

South Hampton Roads is a region located in the extreme southeastern portion of

Metropolitan Statistical Area

), which itself has a population of 1,724,876.

Southside Virginia

", which is a separate region of the south-central portion of Virginia located farther inland.)

As of the

Atlanta, Georgia

.

U.S. military installations

USS *John F. Kennedy* (CV-67) arriving at Naval Station Norfolk

South Hampton Roads is home to several

United States military bases

.

City of Portsmouth

Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, two historic and important facilities, as well as several smaller facilities. The shipyard was founded as the Gosport Shipyard on November 1, 1767, and has the country's first dry dock. The name was changed after the American Civil War. (Although it is located in Portsmouth, the name Norfolk was chosen to avoid confusion with another U.S. Navy shipyard at Portsmouth, New Hampshire which is about 50 miles (80 km) north of Boston, Massachusetts, at the southernmost tip of Maine

.)

City of Norfolk

Across the

Atlantic Fleet

. The base was founded in 1917, and is now the largest naval facility in the world.

City of Virginia Beach

Virginia Beach is home to the U.S. Navy's

Joint Expeditionary Base East, operated by the United States Navy, which is located at Cape Henry

.

City of Chesapeake

St. Julien's Creek Annex is a U.S. Navy facility in Chesapeake on the Southern Branch Elizabeth River. It began operations in 1849 and occupies approximately 490 acres (200 ha), including 407 acres (165 ha) of land, 14 acres (5.7 ha) of marsh, and 69 acres (28 ha) of surface water. It is currently considered part of the Norfolk Navy Base.

Chesapeake is also home to U.S. Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Fentress, an auxiliary landing facility for NAS Oceana.

The decision to call the region "Hampton Roads" was a political one. The area was referred to as "Tidewater" for many years by the local residents. The local baseball team was called the Tidewater Tides for years but is now called the Norfolk Tides. When they first came to Tidewater, they adopted the local name to draw more fans.

Local government

In Colonial times, and even in the first 150 years of the United States, much like Virginia as a whole, South Hampton Roads was in an almost constant state of change in terms of local government, largely due to growth, as counties were divided and towns were formed as the population grew. Some towns grew to become cities. Under the state constitutional changes in 1871, extant and future cities in Virginia became independent cities of the counties they had formerly been located within.

However, in the second half of the 20th century, an unprecedented wave of city-county-town local government consolidations took place in South Hampton Roads and on the Virginia Peninsula. Nowhere else in Virginia have rural areas and more dense cities been combined in such a manner as these two areas. The changes resulted in the area having Virginia's cities with the largest land areas and the most farming, even over 30 years after the consolidations in some instances.

Current cities, counties and towns

The South Hampton Roads region includes five independent cities, three counties, and three incorporated towns with a total population of 1,191,937 people. There were also a number of political subdivisions which are now extinct, primarily due to growth and consolidation of local government (see section below).

Independent cities

Chesapeake (formerly Norfolk County)
Norfolk
Portsmouth
Suffolk (formerly Nansemond County)
Virginia Beach (formerly Princess Anne County)

Counties

Incorporated towns

Extinct political subdivisions

Exclusive of towns which became cities and still have the same name, no less than 2 shires, 6 counties, 1 town, and 2 entire cities no longer exist in the South Hampton Roads area. For search of genealogical, land, and other historical records, it may be necessary to find these old names.

The following is a listing of these 11 extinct shire, counties, towns, and cities, with the approximate dates they existed:

Elizabeth River Shire (1634–1636) and Elizabeth City County
(1636–1952)

Warrosquyoake Shire (1634–1637)
New Norfolk County
(1636–1637)
Upper Norfolk County
(1637–1646)
Lower Norfolk County
(1637–1691)
Nansemond County (1646-1972)
Norfolk County (1691–1963)
Princess Anne County (1691–1963)
Town of Berkley (unknown-1906)
South Norfolk (1919–1963)
City of Nansemond
(1972–1974)

Highways, bridges, tunnels, bridge-tunnels

Generally surrounded by water, the South Hampton Roads region is accessed from the north by a network of highways,