South Papua
South Papua
Papua Selatan | |
---|---|
Province of South Papua | |
UTC+9 (Indonesia Eastern Time) | |
Website | papuaselatan |
South Papua, officially the South Papua Province (Indonesian: Provinsi Papua Selatan),[3] is an Indonesian province located in the southern portion of Papua, following the borders of the Papuan customary region of Anim Ha.[4][5] Formally established on 11 November 2022 and including the four most southern regencies that were previously part of the province of Papua and before 11 December 2002 had comprised a larger Merauke Regency, it covers a land area of 117,849.16 km2, about the same area as Pennsylvania (or 90% of that of England). This area had a population of 513,617 at the 2020 Census,[6] while the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 534,416 (comprising 277,844 males and 256,5762 females),[1] making it the least populous province in Indonesia.
It shares land borders with the
History
The wetland region of South Papua, before the arrival of Europeans, was home to several indigenous tribes. These tribes included the
In the 19th century, European powers began to colonize the island of New Guinea. The island was divided along a straight line, with the western portion falling under the jurisdiction of the
In addition to the Maro River, the Dutch also became aware of another, larger river known as the
In the 1960s, Indonesian forces took control of all of Dutch New Guinea, including the former Zuid Nieuw Guinea. Following the takeover, the territory was reorganized, and the former Zuid Nieuw Guinea became the
Politics
Administrative divisions
South Papua is divided into four regencies (kabupaten), the least amount compared to other Indonesian provinces. Before 11 December 2002, all four of the current regencies comprised a single Merauke Regency, which was split into the present four regencies on that date. The table below gives the areas of all the regencies,[16] together with their populations at the 2020 Census[6] and according to the official estimates as of mid-2023.[1]
Kode Wilayah |
Name of Regency |
Seat | Regent | Area in km2 |
Pop'n Census 2020 |
Pop'n Estimate mid 2023 |
HDI[17] 2022 |
No. of districts |
No. of villages |
Coat of arms |
Location map |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
93.01 | Merauke Regency | Merauke | Romanus Mbaraka | 45,013.35 | 230,932 | 237,200 | 0.712 (High) | 20 | 190 | ||
93.02 | Boven Digoel Regency | Tanah Merah | Hengky Yaluwo | 23,558.27 | 64,285 | 67,760 | 0.625 (Medium) | 20 | 112 | ||
93.03 | Mappi Regency | Kepi | Krisostomus Yohanes Agawemu |
24,262.23 | 108,295 | 113,260 | 0.596 (Medium) | 15 | 164 | ||
93.04 | Asmat Regency | Agats | Elisa Kambu | 25,015.31 | 110,105 | 116,200 | 0.522 (Low) | 19 | 221 | ||
Totals
|
117,849.16 | 513,617 | 534,416 | 74 | 687 |
Culture
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1971 | 160,727 | — |
1980 | 172,662 | +7.4% |
1990 | 243,722 | +41.2% |
2000 | 291,680 | +19.7% |
2010 | 409,735 | +40.5% |
2020 | 513,617 | +25.4% |
2023 | 534,416 | +4.0% |
Source: Statistics Indonesia 2024 and earlier. South Papua was part of Papua Province until 2022. |
The native Papuan people have a distinct culture and traditions that cannot be found in other parts of Indonesia. Coastal Papuans are usually more willing to accept modern influence into their daily lives, which in turn diminishes their original culture and traditions. Meanwhile, most inland Papuans still preserve their original culture and traditions, although their way of life over the past century is tied to the encroachment of modernity and globalization.[18] Each Papuan tribe usually practices its traditions and culture, which may differ greatly from one tribe to another.
One of the most well-known Papuan traditions is the stone burning tradition (
Hunting as practiced by Marind people usually begins with a traditionally controlled burn of peat bog and swamps, it was then left for three days to a week for new shoots to grow, which will invite game animals such as deer, pigs, saham (kangaroos). The hunting party consists of usually of 7-8 people, then go to the burned locations while bringing food and drink, ranging from tubers, sago, to drinking water, for several days. A temporary hut called bivak would be constructed from barks from Bus, a type of eucalyptus tree to form the walls and the roof made from Lontar leaves.[22] As with many coastal communities from the Moluccas to Papua, Sasi is practiced, which are markers usually constructed from wood and janur to mark the prohibition of harvesting either from land or sea for a while to preserve natural resources and for sustainable harvest.[23] To open and close sasi regions such as forests, usually the Marind-Kanume mark with two arrows shot to the west and to the east to respect three clans that inhabited the area as well as other rituals which can take up to forty days. Violators of the prohibition would be punished with payment of Wati leaves and pigs. Failure of payments will result in referral to local security officers to be put on trial.[24]
Architecture
The Korowai people from the Mappi Regency in southern Papua are one of the indigenous tribes in Papua that still adhere to the traditions of their ancestors, one of which is to build houses on top of trees.[25][26] The Korowai people are one of the indigenous tribes in the interior of Papua that still maintains firmly the traditions of their ancestors, one of which is to build a house on a tall tree called Rumah Tinggi (lit. 'high house'). Some of the Korowai people's tree houses can even reach a height of 50 m above the ground. The Korowai people build houses on top of trees to avoid wild animals and evil spirits. The Korowai people still believe in the myth of Laleo, a cruel demon who often attacks suddenly. Laleo is depicted as an undead that roams at night. According to the Korowai people, the higher the house, the safer it will be from Laleo's attacks. The rumah tinggi is built on big and sturdy trees as the foundation for its foundation. The tops of the trees are then deforested and used as houses. All materials come from nature, logs and boards are used for the roof and floor, while the walls are made of sago bark and wide leaves. The building process for a rumah tinggi usually takes seven days and the structure then lasts up to three years.[26]
Cuisine
The native Papuan food usually consists of roasted
In the coastal regions, seafood is the main food for the local people. One of the famous seafood from Papua is fish wrap (Indonesian: Ikan Bungkus). Wrapped fish in other areas is called Pepes ikan. Wrapped fish from Papua is known to be very fragrant. This is because there are additional bay leaves so that the mixture of spices is more fragrant and soaks into the fish meat. The basic ingredient of papuan-wrapped fish is sea-fish, and the most commonly used fish is milkfish. Milkfish is suitable for "wrap" because it has meat that does not crumble after processing. The spices are sliced or cut into pieces, namely, red and bird's eye chilies, bay leaves, tomatoes, galangal, and lemongrass stalks. While other spices are turmeric, garlic red, red chilies, coriander, and hazelnut. The spices are first crushed and then mixed or smeared on the fish. The wrapping is in banana leaves.[31]
Common Papuan snacks are usually made out of sago. Kue bagea (also called sago cake) is a cake originating from Ternate in North Maluku, although it can also be found in Papua.[32] It has a round shape and creamy color. Bagea has a hard consistency that can be softened in tea or water, to make it easier to chew.[33] It is prepared using sago,[34] a plant-based starch derived from the sago palm or sago cycad. Sagu Lempeng is a typical Papuan snack that is made in the form of processed sago in the form of plates. Sagu Lempeng is also a favorite for travelers. But it is very difficult to find places to eat because this bread is a family consumption and is usually eaten immediately after cooking. Making sago plates is as easy as making other breads. Sago is processed by baking it by printing rectangles or rectangles with iron which is ripe like white bread. Initially tasteless, but recently it has begun to vary with sugar to get a sweet taste. It has a tough texture and can be enjoyed by mixing it or dipping it in water to make it softer.[35] Sago porridge is a type of porridge that is found in Papua. This porridge is usually eaten with yellow soup made of mackerel or tuna then seasoned with turmeric and lime. Sago porridge is sometimes also consumed with boiled tubers, such as those from cassava or sweet potato. Vegetable papaya flowers and sautéed kale are often served as side dishes to accompany the sago porridge.[36] In the inland regions, Sago worms are usually served as a type of snack dish.[37][38] Sago worms come from sago trunks which are cut and left to rot. The rotting stems cause the worms to come out. The shape of the sago worms varies, ranging from the smallest to the largest size of an adult's thumb. These sago caterpillars are usually eaten alive or cooked beforehand, such as stir-frying, cooking, frying, and then skewered. But over time, the people of Papua used to process these sago caterpillars into sago caterpillar satay. To make satay from this sago caterpillar, the method is no different from making satay in general, namely on skewers with a skewer and grilled over hot coals.[39]
Religion
This province has a large Roman Catholic majority among its native Papuan populace (with a large Protestant minority), in contrast with the neighbouring provinces, where Protestants form a majority and Catholics form significantly large minorities among its predominantly Christian populace. But other religions such as Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Animism/Polytheism are also present in this province, albeit in small pockets.
See also
References
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