South White Carniolan dialect
South White Carniolan dialect | |
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Native to | Indo-European
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Early forms | Southeastern Slovene dialect
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Dialects |
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Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
South White Carniolan dialect |
South Slavic languages and dialects |
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This article uses Logar transcription.
The South White Carniolan dialect (
Geographical distribution
The border between the South and North White Carniolan dialects is rather clear; it was already defined by
According to what is known today, the dialect ranges from
History
White Carniola was inhabited by Slovenes after the 13th century, and even then it was rather remote from other Slovenes on the
Accentual changes
The South White Carniolan microdialects west of Vinica and Dragatuš retained
Phonology
The phonological characteristics of the dialect are not characteristic for Slovene dialects, and some changes occurred that are known for Serbo-Croatian, but not for Slovene. The dialect is one of the most diverse and understudied dialects, mainly because of Serbo-Croatian influence.[14]
Alpine Slovene *ě̑ has evolved into ḙː in the north, ẹː in Vinica and Preloka (in the southern part), iːe/ieː in Stari Trg (in the west), and ẹːi̯ elsewhere. The evolution is confusing because in Zilje, a village between Vinica and Preloka, the pronunciation is ẹːi̯, not ẹː, and in Predgrad, which is even further west than Stari Trg, the pronunciation is also ẹːi̯. The vowel *ę̑ mostly evolved into ẹː. In the east, it evolved into ẹːi̯ and into iːe/ieː in the west.
The vowel *ȏ evolved into uː in the north and west, ọː in the south, and ọːu̯ in the east. Nasal *ǫ̑ evolved into ọː in the northernmost microdialects and in the south, and into uː in the middle (Dragatuš) and east. It evolved into ọːu̯ in Zilje and Bedenj.
The vowel *ȗ mostly remained uː. In Dobliče and Dragatuš, üː is also present, and in the west it evolved into iː. Alpine Slavic *ł̥̄ evolved into uː.
Long old acute vowels and the short neoacute (those after accent shifts) became short; this is a feature of Serbo-Croatian dialects, and so this was probably influenced by the immigrants:
- *ę́, *ę̀, *è and *ě́ evolved into e.
- *ǫ́ and non-final *ò evolved into o.
- *ú evolved into ö in Tanča Gora and Zapudje, and into ẹ in the west.
- *á and *í evolved into a and i, respectively.
- After the *ženȁ > *žèna shift, e and o turned into:
- äː and ọː, respectively, in the west,
- ẹː and ọː, respectively, in the north and east, and
- e and o, respectively, in the south.
- After the *məglȁ > *mə̀gla shift, ə turned into:
- ə in the south and east,
- əː in the north, and
- aː in the west.
Alpine Slovene *l turned into ł, *u̯m- turned into xm- in the northern, eastern, and southern microdialects, and into ɣm- in the western microdialects. If a word started with u, v appeared before it. In the western dialects, g turned into ɣ. Palatal ć, šć, ń, and ĺ remain palatal, except in the northern and eastern dialects, where they become only palatalized. Another feature is that only the northern microdialects devoice non-sonorants before the end of a word; elsewhere they remain voiced. In Zapudje, final -g devoices into -x.[15]
Morphology
The instrumental plural was replaced by locative plural forms in the eastern dialects.[16]
References
- ^ Smole, Vera. 1998. "Slovenska narečja." Enciklopedija Slovenije vol. 12, pp. 1–5. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 2.
- ^ Logar (1996:203)
- ^ a b c Logar (1996:82)
- ^ Šekli (2018:374)
- ^ ISBN 961-6568-53-1.
- ^ "Karta slovenskih narečij z večjimi naselji" (PDF). Fran.si. Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
- ISBN 978-953-150-971-8.
- Založba ZRC.
- ^ Šekli (2018:335–339)
- ^ a b Logar (1996:79)
- )
- ^ Logar (1996:85)
- ^ Logar (1996:84–85)
- ^ Logar (1996:82–84)
- ^ Logar (1996:85)
- ^ Logar (1996:81)
Bibliography
- ISBN 961-6182-18-8.
- Šekli, Matej (2018). Legan Ravnikar, Andreja (ed.). Topologija lingvogenez slovanskih jezikov (in Slovenian). Translated by Plotnikova, Anastasija. )