Southcote, Berkshire

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Coordinates: 51°26′31″N 1°00′41″W / 51.4419°N 1.0114°W / 51.4419; -1.0114
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Southcote
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townREADING
Postcode districtRG30
Dialling code0118
PoliceThames Valley
FireRoyal Berkshire
AmbulanceSouth Central
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Berkshire
51°26′31″N 1°00′41″W / 51.4419°N 1.0114°W / 51.4419; -1.0114

Southcote (

2011). The settlement lies primarily between the London-to-Bath road and the River Kennet
.

The area was sparsely populated until after the

Lord of the Manor, who at that time was William de Braose. From the 16th century onwards, Southcote Manor was owned by the Blagrave family, who sold the manor house in the 1920s. The area was subsequently developed into housing: much of the land changed from agricultural to residential. A large proportion of the land in Southcote not used for housing is classified as flood-meadow
, providing flood plains between urbanisation and the River Kennet.

Southcote forms an

electoral ward in Reading. The area is seen as a safe seat for Labour, as the Conservatives
have not held a seat on the council since the 1980s.

Residents of Southcote generally self-classify as Christian. The male life expectancy in the area is lower than the national estimate, although the female expectancy is slightly higher. Claimants of out-of-work benefits (such as Jobseeker's Allowance) are more prevalent in Southcote than in surrounding areas. Attainment in education in Southcote is lower than the Reading average, as is residents' self-evaluation of health.

Near to the settlement is

Reading to Basingstoke line. The railways were preceded by the Kennet and Avon Canal, which passes south of the settlement. Southcote lends its name to the 104th lock
on the canal.

History

Toponymy

Recorded in the Domesday Book as Sudcote,[1] Southcote has also been referred to as Sutcot, Sudcot, Sukote, Suthcot, Suthcote, Suthcotes,[2] and Southcoat,[3] with the present spelling entering usage in the 15th century.[2] Alternative spellings of Southcot[4] and Southcott[5] have also been used.

The name "Southcote", comparable to that of neighbouring Norcot, originates from the Old English "suth cote",[6] meaning "south[ern] cottage".[7][8] It is likely that Circuit Lane, one of the primary roads into Southcote, derives its name from "Circourt Lane", a corruption of "Southcote Lane".[7] A similar development of names occurred at Circourt Manor near Denchworth, Oxfordshire.[7]

Early history

Palaeolithic materials have been recovered in various excavations in the Southcote area.[9] An Iron Age occupation was located when houses were constructed in the 20th century.[9]
A
Museum of Reading.[11] A polished stone celt was also found in Southcote in 1926.[12]
An excavation of
sherds and pottery; a sample of the latter was discovered to have originated in Oxford in the 2nd century.[13] Similarly, a Pannonian brooch and samian ware have been found in the area,[14] and Roman pottery was found in the vicinity of the clay pits at Prospect Park Brick Works.[10]
Later inhabitation of Southcote was discovered at Anslow's Cottages south of the Kennet, where excavation suggests that a
landing stage or jetty on the river channel.[18]

11th–15th century

The settlement of Southcote grew largely around the medieval house at Southcote Manor.

Lord of the Manor at the time was William de Braose, 1st Lord of Bramber.[1] In the early 1200s a house was built and Southcote was owned by Henry Belet. This house had two moats, supplied with water by a channel from the nearby Holy Brook.[19] Upon Henry's death the estate was inherited by his son Michael, who was cup-bearer to Henry II.[21] In 1337, a grant of free warren was made to the Belet family for the manor.[22]

In 1365 the manor and 13th-century moated house

William Henry Page write that at this point "the correct tenure had evidently been lost".[22] Through Drew Sambourne's granddaughter, Margaret, the manor passed through marriage to William Windsor, 2nd Baron Windsor. William's grandson, Henry (5th Baron Windsor), sold the manor to Anthony Blagrave by the early 16th century.[22]

16th–19th century

The Blagrave family were wealthy landowners around Reading, and the manor passed down through the family (which included mathematician

Roundheads, are said to have hosted Oliver Cromwell, John Hampden and Robert Blake for a council of war in one of the house's oak panelled rooms.[19][22] In January 1649, Daniel was one of the signatories of Charles I's death warrant.[19][22]

In 1665 Elias Ashmole wrote to Mervyn Tuchet, 4th Earl of Castlehaven at "Southcote neere Redding".[27] At some point that century the manor house was largely rebuilt and modernised; the existing 15th century guardhouse and vaulted well were retained.[19] Come the

Aix-la-Chapelle in 1668.[22]
Southcote saw development with the opening of the
Kennet Navigation in the 1720s, where the River Kennet was made navigable by vessels as far upstream as Newbury
; industrialisation along the canal continued for the next century.

Throughout the 18th century the manor continued to pass through the Blagrave family, including

Sir Edwin Lutyens.[19]

Southcote was mentioned in

tything within the parish of St Mary's, Reading, and had a population of 84.[29]

A photograph of a canal with a lock in the foreground. In the background is a large Victorian brick building.
Southcote Water Works (pictured in the 1970s) was built in the mid-19th century to pump water into Reading

In 1847, the

Reading to Basingstoke line opened to the east of Southcote; the railways diverging at Southcote Junction. Two years later, in 1850, a water pumping station was built alongside the Kennet and Avon Canal at Southcote Lock.[31] The facility, owned by the Reading Corporation, was connected to the Bath Road Reservoir (1.1 miles (1.8 km) north-east) and provided Reading with a source of water that originated upstream of any pollutants from the town.[32][33][34]

In 1860 the occupant was Louisa Mundy, widow of Lieutenant Governor of Jersey Godfrey Mundy. Louisa was the niece of Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Carnarvon, and lived at Southcote with her sons Herbert and Cyril.[19] By this time, Southcote had expanded to a population of 87, with 14 houses. In his Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales, John Marius Wilson stated that the real property of Southcote was valued at £608.[35]

After the Mundys' tenure, Southcote Manor was let to the Brisco (or Briscoe) family, who had made their money in

slave trading and plantation ownership.[23] The family were relatives of Hastings MP Musgrave Brisco and inheritors of the Pryce baronetcy. Along with one of his labourers, James Wastel[nb 1] Brisco was taken to court in Reading in 1874, charged with the "assault with intent to ravish" a 13-year-old servant girl.[36] During the trial, the Reading Observer reported that "several rumours were in circulation that a person connected with the case had committed suicide".[23] Brisco supposedly used his wealth and social status to dissuade witnesses from testifying and the case was apparently abandoned.[23]

Brisco was eccentric and wealthy, and added a ballroom to the building in 1891,[37] replacing a timber chapel.[19] He also began construction of the house's distinctive tower the same year but died before it was complete and building work was abandoned.[19]

20th century

A photograph of a quiet suburban street. The houses are large and semi-detached, fronted by paved driveways and mown grass verges.
Southcote Park Estate, a private road community, was established in the 1930s

The manor of Southcote remained in the Blagrave family until the early 20th century, when it was owned by Henry Barry Blagrave. Henry died in 1927, though the manor house was demolished in 1921[13][19][38] after lying empty following the death of Wastel Brisco and his wife Sarah in 1891 and 1901 respectively.[23][39] In 1920 the house had been purchased by a contractor with intentions to demolish the site, though the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings organised a committee to attempt to raise money to save the house.[40] The Sphere reported that the bricks and oak panelling were in demand and were likely removed for re-use before the building's demolition.[41]

In 1908

Alsatians—Rocky, Lindy and Irma—to recognise their work in the war.[48] Denton's Field gained reputation as a location for outdoor community events, and was comparable to places such as Caversham Park and Palmer Park.[49]

In the 1950s, a huge building project centred around Coronation Square (named for the 1953

Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II[50]) with hundreds of council houses[51] built to satisfy post-war demand.[52] The residents of many of these had moved from houses in central and east Reading that fell short of sanitation requirements of the Public Health Act 1875, were compulsorily purchased and later demolished.[51][53]

The gatehouse at Southcote Manor stood until the 1960s, when a fire broke out.[54] It was demolished by 1964 to make way for housing.[13][19][55] Reading Central Goods station was closed in 1983, and with it the branch line from Southcote ceased to operate.[42] Two years later the track bed and sleepers were removed.[42]

The same decade a campaign was started to raise £1 million to save the decaying mansion in Prospect Park;[56][57] in 1986 the building was described as "crumbling" and "likely to be demolished",[58] though plans existed to convert the building into offices.[59] In the 1990s, however, the building was renovated and re-opened as a restaurant.[60]

In 2004, Presentation College went into

Year Seven pupils on 7 September 2015.[64][65]

Government

Local elections

Southcote forms an electoral ward of the Reading West constituency, and has three seats on Reading Borough Council. It is seen as a safe seat for the Labour Party; the Conservative Party last won a council seat in Southcote in 1987.[66] The current three councillors are Debs Edwards, John Ennis and Matt Lawrence.[67] The most recent election was held in 2016, which saw Edwards re-elected.[68] The ward has seen three by-elections: in 2006, in 2014 when Lawrence was elected following Pete Ruhemann's death,[69] and in 2016 when Lawrence resigned from councillorship.[70][71] The seat, which was contested by candidates from Labour, the Liberal Democrats, the Green Party and the Conservatives,[72] was held by the Labour party who gained 63.7% of votes.[73]

Like all wards in Reading, the boundaries of Southcote ward were redrawn in 2004.[74] The ward holds elections by thirds—three seats are available, and in three years in every four, one seat comes up for election.[75]

Elected councillors

Incumbent councillors are listed in bold.

Election Councillor Party
2019 local election Jason Brock Labour
2018 local election John Ennis Labour
No election in 2017
2016 by-election Jason Brock[73] Labour
2016 local election Debs Edwards[68] Labour
2015 local election Matt Lawrence[76] Labour
2014 local election John Ennis[77] Labour
2014 by-election Matt Lawrence[69] Labour
No election in 2013
2012 local election Debs Edwards[78] Labour
2011 local election Pete Ruhemann[79] Labour
2010 local election John Ennis[80] Labour
No election in 2009
2008 local election Debs Edwards[81] Labour
2007 local election Pete Ruhemann[82] Labour
2006 local election John Ennis[83] Labour
2006 by-election Debs Edwards[83] Labour
No election in 2005
2004 local election Christopher Swaine[84] Labour
2003 local election John Ennis[85] Labour
2002 local election Christopher Swaine[86] Labour

Community government

Southcote has a number of

unadopted roads built in 1933, has an elected volunteer committee.[43]

Geography

Southcote, Berkshire is located in Reading, Berkshire
Southcote
Southcote
Reading
class=notpageimage|
Location of Southcote in Reading

Southcote, as a ward, is bounded to the north by Norcot, to the north-east by

Whitley. To the south, south-west and west Southcote forms the boundary between the Reading and West Berkshire.[90][91] The boundaries of Southcote are formed by Calcot Park to the north-west, the northern edge of Prospect Park to the north, the Reading to Basingstoke railway line to the east and by channels of the River Kennet to the south.[90] The western boundary runs through housing in the Fords Farm area.[90]
Beyond the south-west and western boundaries, in West Berkshire, are the wards of Burghfield and Calcot.[90][92]

Less formally, Southcote is bordered by the settlements of

Horncastle and Fords Farm to the west, Tilehurst to the north, West Reading to the north east, Coley to the east, Whitley to the south-east and Pingewood to the south.[90]

Topography

Southcote is bordered to the south by the

2013–2014 United Kingdom winter floods.[94] Flooding is exacerbated by the routes of the Holy Brook and railway line; the railway crosses the stream by bridges and culverts and in some locations the embankment acts as a bund, inhibiting the dissipation of floodwater.[95] Similarly, a report by West Berkshire Council found that during the 2013–14 floods the single track road between the Holy Brook and the Kennet at Southcote Mill "acted as a barrier until the rising waters backing up in the flood plain fields finally breached".[96]
Network Rail's plans for electrification of the Great Western Main Line include provision for flood defences where the line is in proximity to the Holy Brook.[97]

The elevation of Southcote ranges from almost 100 metres (330 ft) in the north-west extreme of the ward (SRTM data records this as 94 metres (308 ft), Ordnance Survey as 92 metres (302 ft)) to approximately 37 metres (121 ft) in the floodplains north and south of the Kennet.[98][99]

Geology

The geology of Southcote includes the

periglacial solifluction or gelifluction).[105][106] The survey also identified that much of the land south of the Kennet is "infilled" or "worked" ground;[106] this area was formerly gravel pits and now used for leisure.[107] The British Geological Survey defines infilled ground as "areas where the ground has been cut away then wholly or partially backfilled" and worked ground as "areas where the ground has been cut away such as quarries and road cuttings".[108]

Built environment

A photograph of a row of post-war housing on a main thoroughfare. The houses are a combination of semi-detached and terraced properties.
Semi-detached and short terraced properties make up much of Southcote's housing

The settlement is concentrated to the south of the

social housing is above the local average at 29.2%.[111]

Southcote's main thoroughfare is Southcote Lane which runs east–west through the area, connecting Southcote to Fords Farm (to the west) and Coley (to the east). Southcote is centred around Coronation Square, an area of open grassland surrounded by community facilities and commercial premises. To the north of the Bath Road is

Tree Preservation Order (TPO).[116] This land is defined by Reading Borough Council as Southcote Meadows, and stretches from the Burghfield Road (near to the western boundary of Southcote) to Milkmaid's Bridge at the foot of Southcote Lock.[117] Other parts of Southcote are subject to similar restrictions, including areas adjacent to (but north of) the railway embankment, trees lining the Kennet and Avon Canal west of Southcote Lock, and various individual sites.[117]

Parks and open spaces

Prospect Park, one of the largest open spaces in Reading, is in Southcote Ward.

designated green space in the centre of Southcote.[120]

Bordering Prospect Park is Devil's Dip, a former gravel and clay pit.

lesser celandine, bluebells and Queen Anne's lace appearing in the spring.[122] Peacock butterflies and various species of woodland bird are prevalent in the area.[122]

Demography

According to the

1991 census.[111]

The majority of residents of Southcote Ward (58.6%) identify as

Black Caribbean.[111] 82.9% of the population in Southcote were born in the UK, and 91.3% speak English as their first language. 1.5% of residents do not speak English well.[111]

The life expectancy in Southcote is 77.5 years for males—lower than the national estimate of 78.3—and the expectancy for females (82.6 years) is slightly higher than the national estimate (82.3 years).[124]

The census counted Southcote in Reading's

carer benefits) in Southcote are higher than the Reading average.[111]

80.2% of Southcote's residence evaluate their health as "good", although this is lower than the Reading average of 85.5%.[111]

Economy

Historically the land at Southcote was used for farming and

vinery and kennels.[129]

The farming and gravel industries declined with the expansion of Reading after the Second World War,[10][130] though the existence of the anti-extraction groups "Save Southcote Meadows" and "Residents Against Gravel Extraction" (RAGE) in the 1980s suggests the demand for such industry in the area remained.[56][131] By the mid-1980s, the Tarmac Group reportedly owned land near the site of Southcote Manor with the intent of extracting gravel there.[59]

There are two primary centres of economic activity in Southcote—Coronation Square and Southcote Farm Lane. Coronation Square is home to a number of commercial and community premises, including a post office, takeaway food outlets, newsagents, healthcare businesses and a pet shop; as well as a community centre and library.[132] The square also featured a public house until its demolition in 2011; the land was subsequently used for affordable housing.[133] Southcote Farm Lane has a small parade of shops and businesses including a convenience store and hairdressers.[134][135] On the border of Southcote and Tilehurst is the Meadway Precinct, which includes an

Boots pharmacy, as well as other smaller shops. The precinct opened in 1967,[136] and a survey in 2012 revealed that the public thought the site had become run-down and required modernisation.[136] In 2015 a planning application was submitted to Reading Borough Council by a developer who plans to renovate the site.[137]

Branches of

Beefeater and Harvester-owned public houses are in Southcote; the latter in the former Prospect Park mansion.[138][139] A third pub, The George and Dragon, is located at the westernmost extreme of Southcote, and is owned by Greene King and operated as a Hungry Horse outlet.[140]

The Southcote Service Station is an Esso petrol filling station and Tesco Express convenience store,[141] adjacent to which is a Nissan dealership.[142]

Culture and community

In the years following the Second World War, Southcote hosted a number of community events on Denton's Field. Many of these fêtes included grasstrack motorcycle racing events, which were held in 1947,[143] 1948[144] and 1949.[145] Speedway stars Bill Kitchen and George Wilks raced at Southcote in 1949 for a Conservative Party fête.[146] The field was also used in 1949 for a gymkhana[147] and a church fundraising fête.[148]

Southcote holds an annual

May fayre in Coronation Square; the 2015 event was organised by community groups from local churches and community centres.[149] The event focuses on cuisine, live music and children's entertainment.[149]

The Reading branch of the Kennet and Avon Canal Trust meet at Southcote for talks and meetings, and undertake maintenance work on the canal through the Southcote area.[150]

Public services

Southcote is within

quad bikes and motorcycles on the Kennet towpath.[151][152] Measures to alleviate nuisance parking were introduced in early 2015 with a ban on parking on the road verge.[153] In June 2015, signs were installed on the lane to Southcote Mill to warn motorcycle users of their prohibition on that right of way.[154]

The majority of reported crime in Southcote is categorised as either violent or sexual attacks, where 46 incidents of this nature were reported in June 2015 within a 1-mile (1.6 km) radius of Coronation Square.[155] The highest concentration of crime occurs near the service station on the A4 road.[155] Neighbourhood liaison sessions (known as "Have Your Say" meetings) are held in Coronation Square.[156]

A surgery, operated by the

Clinical Commissioning Group's headquarters is located in Southcote on the Bath Road.[161]

Southcote has a number of council-funded community facilities, including a library,

litter-picking initiative, operates periodically in the parks and along the tracks and towpaths in Southcote.[167]

Transport

Kennet Navigation
passes through Southcote

Southcote is situated north of the

M4 Motorway
, approximately halfway between junctions 11 (Reading central) and 12 (Reading west).

The Reading to Taunton branch of the

Brunel-designed brick arch bridges along the Reading to Taunton line through Southcote, two of which have been described as "notably well preserved examples"[169] and are designated "heritage assets" by Network Rail.[116] A third bridge, which carries the main Burghfield to Reading road, may have originally been timber before being replaced with a steel deck by the Great Western Railway company.[169]

Southcote is linked to Reading by a number of Reading Buses services along the A4 Bath Road, with some services stopping within Southcote itself.[170] One service, named "Jet Black", links Reading to Newbury via Southcote.[170]

The Kennet and Avon Canal at Southcote is still used for pleasure boating; moorings for narrowboats are located between Southcote Lock and Burghfield Bridge.[171] The canal is accessible from footpaths near Burghfield Bridge, Southcote Mill and Fobney Lock,[172][173] and the towpath through Southcote is a designated portion of National Cycle Route 4.[173]

During the

Woodley Aerodrome, from which he gave "joyrides" in his Blériot Aéronautique aeroplane,[174] but also gave flights in a Blériot XI from the Kennet meadows in Southcote.[175]
In 1915 a
Farman aeroplane crash-landed at Southcote Farm next to Southcote Junction. The pilot was able to jump from the plane before it crashed, and ran alongside it until it collided with a hedge near the railway embankment.[176]

Education

Three

Special Educational Needs School,[178] and Southcote Primary School.[179] In each of their most recent Ofsted inspections, the schools achieved a "good" rating.[177][178][179]

Three secondary schools are in operation in Southcote. King's Academy Prospect is a specialist sport and ICT school run under the academy system.[180][181] In its latest Ofsted report, the school was judged to require improvement. The other secondary school in Southcote is The

Hugh Cook alias Faringdon. The school was deemed to be "good" in its latest Ofsted inspection.[182] In September 2015, the third school —The Wren School— opened on the site of the former Elvian School.[65][183] This operates as a free school, and was envisaged by a volunteer network after Reading Borough Council identified a shortfall in school capacity in 2012.[183]

Educational attainment in Southcote is lower than the Reading and national average.[184] 47% of students at GCSE (or equivalent) attain five or more A* to C passes, compared to the Reading figure of 57% and 61% nationally.[184] The number of students achieving Level 2 writing at Key Stage 1 is 83%—the same as in the wider Reading area—though the national percentage is higher at 85%.[184] Overall, the proportion of Southcote residents with no qualifications is higher than Reading.[111]

Based at Stoneham Court, within the grounds of Prospect School, is the headquarters (and central Berkshire base) of the

Berkshire Maestros music school.[185]

Religious sites

A modern Church of England church. A large concrete crucifix, of similar height to the church, is beside the building.
St Matthew's, Southcote's Anglican church

Southcote is in the Reading Deanery of the

Christian Mission was established in Southcote in 1965.[189] The Catholic Church of English Martyrs is situated adjacent to Prospect Park at the northernmost boundary of Southcote ward.[90][190]
The Kennet Valley Free Church is just beyond the Southcote—Fords Farm boundary.[191]

Provision for other faiths is found closer to Reading town centre and in East Reading.[192]

Sport

Southcote's main football club is Southcote Colts. The under-13 team won the 2014–15 East Berkshire Third Division without being beaten.[193] The under-14 and under-16 teams both currently play in their respective Premier Division of the Peter Houseman Youth League.[194][195] The under-15 team is currently in the "A" league of the Oxford Mail Youth Football League.[196]

Notable people

Footnotes

  1. ^ James Wastel Brisco's name is alternatively given as James Westall Brisco

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