Southern Ontario
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Southern Ontario | |
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Southern Ontario is a
The core area of Southern Ontario is part of the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor, which extends northeast into southern Quebec. The transitional northern area of this primary region extends north to the Mattawa River and occupies part of the Grenville Geological Province of the Canadian Shield, which also extends northeast into southern Quebec; most of Northern Ontario lies within the Superior Geological Province.
Identity
Southern Ontario can be distinguished from Northern Ontario because it is far more densely populated and contains most of the province's cities, major roads, and institutions. Northern Ontario, in contrast, contains more natural resources and remote wilderness. Although it has no saltwater coastline, the region has an abundance of freshwater coastlines on three
While Southern Ontario has been a part of the province of Ontario since its establishment at Confederation in 1867, previously forming the colony of Upper Canada, a large portion of Northern Ontario did not become part of Ontario until 1912.
History
The French explored and colonized Territorial Southern Ontario in the 17th century and forged relations with the
Following the
Southern Ontario was where a large portion of the battles took place during the
Following the enactment of Prohibition in the United States in 1919, Southern Ontario immediately became a hotbed of smuggling alcohol (spirit) across the border.
Demographics
Southern Ontario is home to over 94%, or 12.1 million, of Ontario's total population of 12.9 million (and about 35% of Canada's total population), compared to approximately 750,000 in Northern Ontario. This is due to many factors, including the more arable land in the south, its more moderate climate, well-used transportation (water, land, and air) routes, proximity to populated areas of the
For thousands of years, Ontario has been home to
Southern Ontario was colonized by the
Economy
The area has a large manufacturing sector. Since the mid-2000s, Ontario has produced more vehicles per year than the state of
Some parts of Southern Ontario are heavily entwined with bordering cities in New York and Michigan in terms of industry and people. The focus areas are the Buffalo–Niagara, Sarnia and Detroit–Windsor. Many people work and live on opposite sides of the border. The NEXUS program for frequent travelers across the border[10] is increasing in popularity among bordering communities. Other areas with heavy trade traffic with Southern Ontario include Montreal and the province of Quebec, parts of northern Ohio, and western Pennsylvania.
Most of the province's agriculture is found here. That includes most of Ontario's berry growers, who are represented by Ontario berries.[11]
Tourism
Southern Ontario is well known for its attractions and tourism. Some popular tourist attractions include the CN Tower, Parliament Hill, Niagara Falls, National Gallery of Canada, Canada's Wonderland, CNE, Caesars Windsor, Canadian War Museum, Toronto Zoo, Hockey Hall of Fame, Ripley's Aquarium of Canada, Royal Canadian Mint, Marineland, The Rideau Canal, the Canadian Museum of History and the Royal Ontario Museum.
Niagara Falls is the 6th most visited attraction by domestic and international tourists worldwide, with over 14 million tourists annually. In 2006, Toronto was the 14th most visited city by international tourists in the world, with over 4.1 million visitors in the year.[12] Ottawa is the most visited city in Canada by domestic tourists, hosting over 6.9 million Canadian visitors per year.[13]
Southern Ontario is home to several professional sports teams, including the Ottawa Senators and Toronto Maple Leafs in the NHL; the Toronto Blue Jays in Major League Baseball; the NBA's Toronto Raptors; soccer's Toronto FC in MLS and Atlético Ottawa in the Canadian Premier League; and three teams in the Canadian Football League—the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Ottawa Redblacks, and Toronto Argonauts. The region also hosts the Canadian Open in golf and Rogers Cup in tennis.[a]
The area sponsors many internationally renowned festivals and events, including
.Several large legal gambling establishments have been built throughout the Province,
Southern Ontario has many natural attractions.
Cities
Southern Ontario is home to both Canada's capital city (Ottawa), and Canada's largest city (Toronto).
Southern Ontario communities have 13 telephone
Statistics Canada's measure of a "metro area", the
Southern Ontario Cities † | 2021 | 2016 | 2011 | 2006 | 2001 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Toronto CMA | 6,202,225 | 5,928,040 | 5,583,064 | 5,113,149 | 4,682,897 |
Ottawa CMA | 1,488,307 | 1,323,783 | 1,236,324 | 1,130,761 | 1,067,800 |
Hamilton CMA | 785,184 | 747,545 | 721,053 | 692,911 | 662,401 |
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo CMA | 575,847 | 523,894 | 477,160 | 451,235 | 414,284 |
London CMA | 543,551 | 494,069 | 474,786 | 457,720 | 435,600 |
Niagara CMA
|
433,604 | 406,074 | 392,184 | 390,317 | 377,009 |
Windsor CMA | 422,630 | 398,718 | 319,246 | 323,342 | 307,877 |
Oshawa CMA | 415,311 | 379,848 | 356,177 | 330,594 | 296,298 |
Barrie CMA | 212,856 | 197,059 | 187,013 | 177,061 | 148,480 |
Kingston CMA | 172,546 | 161,175 | 159,561 | 152,358 | 146,838 |
Guelph CMA | 165,588 | 151,984 | 141,097 | 127,009 | 117,344 |
Brantford CMA | 144,162 | 134,203 | 135,501 | 124,607 | 118,086 |
Peterborough CMA | 128,624 | 121,721 | 118,975 | 116,570 | 110,876 |
Census divisions
The region is broken up into 40
This is disputed, however, as the demarcation line that is referenced in provincial documents is the Nipissing Passageway, originally an Indian trail between Georgian Bay and the Ottawa River. The trail follows the French River from Georgian Bay to Lake Nipissing. At North Bay, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) of land separates Lake Nipissing from Trout Lake. From Trout Lake, the trail follows the Mattawa River to the Ottawa River.[21][22]
- Brant (144,771)
- Bruce(73,396)
- Chatham–Kent(104,316)
- Dufferin (66,257)
- Durham (696,992)
- Elgin(94,752)
- Essex (422,860)
- Frontenac(161,780)
- Grey (100,905)
- Haldimand-Norfolk (116,872)
- Haliburton(20,571)
- Halton (596,637)
- Hamilton (569,353)
- Hastings(145,746)
- Huron (61,366)
- Kawartha Lakes (79,247)
- Lambton (128,154)
- Lanark(75,760)
- Leeds & Grenville(104,070)
- Lennox & Addington(45,182)
- Middlesex (500,563)
- Muskoka1 (66,674)
- Niagara (477,941)
- Northumberland (89,365)
- Ottawa (1,017,449)
- Oxford (121,781)
- Parry Sound1 (46,909)
- Peel (1,451,022)
- Perth (81,565)
- Peterborough (147,681)
- Prescott and Russell(95,639)
- Prince Edward (25,704)
- Renfrew(102,394)
- Simcoe (533,169)
- Stormont, Dundas and Glengary(114,637)
- Toronto (2,794,356)
- Waterloo (587,165)
- Wellington (241,026)
- York (1,173,334)
1 Muskoka and Parry Sound are commonly regarded as transitional regions between Southern and Northern Ontario. Both divisions may be regarded as northern districts geographically, culturally, and politically in some contexts.
The 2011 census revealed that the major urban divisions of York, Halton, Peel, and Ottawa had the largest growth. While the heavy industrial divisions of Chatham, Lambton, and Essex,[23] as well as the mostly recreational divisions of Huron[24] and Prince Edward had a decrease in population.
Higher education
Southern Ontario has long been an international destination for higher learning. It houses numerous internationally acclaimed public
Culture
Many notable Canadians have been based in Southern Ontario, as it is Canada's most populated area. Toronto is notable for its multiculturalism and cosmopolitan nature: [25] Southern Ontario also features in the literary genre of Southern Ontario Gothic, a major strand in Canadian literature.
Transportation
Southern Ontario has a highly developed transport system, including many
Southern Ontario also has several
The region has a long history of marine transportation, with hundreds of millions of tonnes of cargo moving along the
Inter-city train service in the region is provided mainly by
There are several major international airports, including the busiest airport in the country,
Climate
Southern Ontario has a humid continental climate with four distinct seasons.[29] The average highs in July for the region range between 25 °C (77 °F) to 29 °C (84 °F). The average high in January ranges from -6 °C (21 °F) to 0 °C (32 °F). The highest recorded temperature in Southern Ontario was 45 °C (113 °F) and 52 °C (125 °F) with the humidex. During cold snaps, winter temperatures can occasionally drop below -30 °C (-22 °F). The climate found over most of southern Ontario falls within the Dfb and Dfa climate subtypes, much warmer or milder than the northern part of the province due to lower latitude, presence of bodies of water, and intense urbanization.[30]
Harsh weather is not uncommon in the region. In the summer months, Southern Ontario is susceptible to
.Small
Many tourists visit the area in the autumn months to look at the bright, vibrant colours of fall foliage.
Southern Ontario has a very different climate from the rest of the country. It is the only area of Canada that has Carolinian forest.[32] Many trees, plants, and wildlife in Southern Ontario are not found anywhere else in Canada. Some rare trees in this region include the tulip tree, pawpaw fruit tree, and the cucumber tree. The Carolinian forests of Southern Ontario have in large part been destroyed by development sprawl. Very few original growth areas remain.
The region has the most freshwater beaches in the nation. With relatively warm waters by mid-summer due to the hot and humid summer months with significant coastlines of white sand, the major beaches in the region are visited by millions of tourists every summer. The most popular beaches are
See also
- Subregions in Southern Ontario
- Great Lakes region
- Great Lakes Megalopolis
Footnotes
- ^ "Rogers Cup" is the current sponsored name. The men's version, held in Toronto in even-numbered years, is generically known as the Canada Masters, and the women's version, held in Toronto in odd-numbered years, is generically known as the Canadian Open.
References
- ^ Statistics Canada (January 15, 2001). "Census of Population". Retrieved March 9, 2022.
- ^ "Canada's Wine Regions".
- ^ "Battles". The War of 1812 Website. The Discriminating General. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
- ^ "Showing Gratitude during Black History Month". Ontario Black History Society. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
- ^ "Census 2001 Highlights: Factsheet 5: Immigration to Ontario".
- ^ "Ontario auto industry outpaced Michigan last year". Investment Executive. February 1, 2005. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
- ^ Craig S. Campbell, "Rust Belt," in The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia, eds. Richard Sisson, Christian Zacher, and Andrew Cayton, Indiana University Press, 2007, p. 78.
- ^ "Ottawa's economy expected to weather pandemic better than other Canadian cities | CBC News". CBC. Retrieved 2021-01-28.
- ^ Dept, Finance (2019-08-07). "Economy and demographics". ottawa.ca. Retrieved 2021-01-28.
- ^ Canada Border Services Agency. "NEXUS".[permanent dead link]
- Ontario Berries. Retrieved 2022-08-16.
- ^ Caroline Bremner (October 2007). "Top 150 City Destinations: London Leads the Way". Euromonitor International. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
- ^ "Cashing in: The economic impact of an Ottawa casino". August 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-10-13. Retrieved October 12, 2013.
- ^ "Slots and Casinos". Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation. Archived from the original on 2011-07-04. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
- ^ "Caesars Windsor". Caesars License Company, LLC. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
- ^ "Fallsview Casino Resort Home". Fallsview Casino Resort. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
- ^ "Welcome to the Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario". Retrieved May 28, 2011.
- ^ "Geographic Units: Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) and Census Agglomeration (CA)". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
- ^ "Population and population growth rate of census metropolitan areas in Canada, 2011 to 2016 and 2016 to 2021, ranked by percentage of growth in 2021". 9 February 2022. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data". Statistics Canada. 2008-11-05. Archived from the original on 2009-05-04. Retrieved 2009-04-01.
- ^ Peake, Michael. "French River: Canoeing the River of the Stick-Waivers". All About Canoes. Canoe.ca. Archived from the original on August 1, 2012. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
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: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Woodrow, Maureen. "Challenges to Sustainability in Northern Ontario". Environmental Commissioner of Ontario. Archived from the original on 2009-10-03.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-01-15. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-27. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Toronto: 'most multicultural city in the world'". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2015-10-27.
- ^ "Welcome to the Traveller's Road Information Portal (TRIP)". Ontario Ministry of Transportation. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
- ^ "Trains by Region". viarail.ca. Via Rail Canada Inc. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
- ^ "GO Transit". GO Transit. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
- ^ "Ontario Climate". Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. April 7, 2011. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
- ^ "Interactive Canada Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Map". www.plantmaps.com. Retrieved 2018-10-11.
- ^ "Weather and Meteorology: Hazardous Weather; Summer Weather; Summer Hazards". Environment Canada. Aug 4, 2010. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
- ^ "What is a Carolinian Forest?". Carolinian Canada. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
- Chapman, L. J. and Putnam, D. F. The Physiography of Southern Ontario. 3rd ed. Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 1984. (Ontario Geological Survey. Special volume 2) ISBN 0-7743-9422-6.