Southern Ukraine
Southern Ukraine (Ukrainian: Південь України, romanized: Pivden' Ukrayiny) refers, generally, to the territories in the South of Ukraine.
The territory usually corresponds with the Soviet economical district, the Southern Economical District of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The region is completely integrated with a marine and shipbuilding industry.
Southern Ukraine was invaded by the Russian military on February 24, 2022, turning parts of the region into a major theatre of the Russo-Ukrainian War.
Historical background
The region primarily corresponds to the former
The
Before the 18th century, the territory known as the Wild Fields (as translated from Polish or Ukrainian) was dominated by Ukrainian Cossack community better known as Zaporozhian Sich and the realm of Crimean Khanate with its Nogai minions that was a union state of the bigger Ottoman Empire. The Crimean–Nogai slave raids caused considerable devastation and depopulation in the area before the rise of the Zaporozhian Cossacks.[3]
Encroachment of Muscovy (today Russia) in the region started after the 16th century after its expansion along Volga river after the Moscow-Kazan wars and conquest of Astrakhan. Further expansion continued also with Moscow-Lithuania armed clashes.
With start of the Khmelnytsky Uprising within Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in middle of 17th century, Muscovy on pretence of the eastern Orthodoxy protection further expanded its influence down south over Cossack communities of Pontic steppes (lower Don and lower Dnieper) and the Crimean Khan domains.
At the end of 17th century a native Kyivan, bishop Theophan Prokopovych came up with the idea of all-Russian nation referring to the old Rus state founder of which Volodymyr the Great was baptized and accepted Byzantine Christianity (today known as Eastern Orthodoxy) in Chersoneses of Taurida (today in Sevastopol).
In 1686 there was signed the Treaty of Perpetual Peace between Muscovy and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, after which Muscovy took control over the Left-bank Ukraine, Zaporozhian Sich, and Kyiv with outskirts.
In 18th century there was built
At the end of 18th century following the
Russian Hellenization of Pontic littoral
After the Russian-Ottoman Wars of the second half of 18th century (
- Acidere → Ovidiopol
- Hacıbey → Odesa
- Orel Sloboda (Catherinine sconce) → Olviopol (today Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv Oblast)
- Domakha → Mariupol (by Balaklava Greeks from outskirts of Bakhchysarai)
- Bilehowisce (Alexander sconce) → Kherson
- Aqyar → Sebastopol (today Sevastopol)
- Kezlev → Yevpatoria
- Kiz-yar → Novo-alexandrovka (Novo-olexandrivka) Sloboda → Melitopol
- Caffa (Kefe) → Theodosia (today Feodosia)
- Aqmescit → Simferopol
- Mykytyn Rih → Slaviansk → Nikopol
- Usivka (Bečej sconce) → Alexandria (today Oleksandriia)
- Sucleia (Sredinnaya fortress) → Tiraspol (in Moldova)
- Czorna → Grigoriopol (in Moldova)
Following the World War II any trace of Crimean Tatar toponymy was predominantly removed in Crimea and Kherson Oblast.
Politics
Noticeable cultural differences in the region (compared with the rest of Ukraine, except eastern Ukraine) are more "positive views" of the Russian language[12][13] and of Joseph Stalin[14] and more "negative views" of Ukrainian nationalism.[15] In the 1991 Ukrainian independence referendum, a lower percentage of the total electorate voted for independence in eastern and southern Ukraine than in the rest of the country.[16][17]
In a poll conducted by Kyiv International Institute of Sociology in the first half of February 2014, 19.4% of those polled in southern Ukraine believed "Ukraine and Russia must unite into a single state"; nationwide this percentage was 12.5.[18]
During
Religion
According to a 2016 survey of
Oblasts
Oblast | Area in km2 | Population (Census 2001) |
Population (1 Jan. 2012) |
---|---|---|---|
Odesa Oblast | 33,313 | 2,469,057 | 2,388,297 |
Mykolaiv Oblast | 24,585 | 1,264,743 | 1,178,223 |
Kherson Oblast | 28,461 | 1,175,122 | 1,083,367 |
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | 31,923 | 3,561,224 | 3,320,299 |
Zaporizhzhia Oblast | 27,183 | 1,929,171 | 1,791,668 |
Total excluding Crimea and Sevastopol |
145,465 | 10,399,317 | 9,761,854 |
Crimea | 26,080 | 2,033,736 | 1,963,008 |
Sevastopol (city) | 864 | 379,492 | 381,234 |
Total including Crimea and Sevastopol |
172,409 | 12,812,545 | 12,106,096 |
The neighbouring Kirovohrad Oblast is more often associated with the Central Ukraine. Also Crimea (with Sevastopol City) is reviewed sometimes as a unique region. According to the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, south Ukraine was considered to consist of the territory of the former Kherson, Taurida and Yekaterinoslav Governorates.
See also
References
- ^ Balter, Michael (13 February 2015). "Mysterious Indo-European homeland may have been in the steppes of Ukraine and Russia". Science.
- PMID 25731166.
- OCLC 940596634.
- ISBN 978-0-19-530546-3, page 187
- ^ Yanukovych signs language bill into law. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
- ^ Russian spreads like wildfires in dry Ukrainian forest. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
- ^ Romanian becomes regional language in Bila Tserkva in Zakarpattia region, Kyiv Post (24 September 2012)
- ^ Ukraine: Speaker Oleksandr Turchynov named interim president, BBC News (23 February 2014)
- ^ Traynor, Ian (24 February 2014). "Western nations scramble to contain fallout from Ukraine crisis". The Guardian.
- ^ Kramer, Andrew (2 March 2014). "Ukraine Turns to Its Oligarchs for Political Help". New York Times. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
- ^ Constitutional Court declares unconstitutional language law of Kivalov-Kolesnichenko, Ukrinform (28 February 2018)
- RATING(25 May 2012)
- ^ "Poll: Over half of Ukrainians against granting official status to Russian language - Dec. 27, 2012". 27 December 2012.
- ^ (in Ukrainian) Ставлення населення України до постаті Йосипа Сталіна Attitude population Ukraine to the figure of Joseph Stalin, Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (1 March 2013)
- Timothy D. Snyder, The New York Review of Books(21 September 2010)
- ISBN 0521574579(page 128)
- ^ Ivan Katchanovski. (2009). Terrorists or National Heroes? Politics of the OUN and the UPA in Ukraine Paper prepared for presentation at the Annual Conference of the Canadian Political Science Association, Montreal, June 1–3, 2010
- ^ How relations between Ukraine and Russia should look like? Public opinion polls’ results, Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (4 March 2014)
- ISBN 978-3-525-36912-8(page 396)
- openDemocracy.net(January 3, 2011)
- ^ The Jamestown Foundation (17 October 2012)(5 October 2007)
UKRAINE: Yushchenko needs Tymoshenko as ally again Archived 2013-05-15 at the Wayback Machine by Taras Kuzio, Oxford Analytica - Ukrayinska Pravda(22 October 2015)
- Radio Liberty. 25 September 2015
- ^ Razumkov Centerin collaboration with the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches. pp. 27-29.
External links