Southern miombo woodlands

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Southern miombo woodlands
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Miombo woodland in Kasungu National Park, Malawi
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Map of the Southern miombo woodlands ecoregion
Ecology
RealmAfrotropical
BiomeTropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Geography
Area408,200 km2 (157,600 sq mi)
Countries
Conservation
Conservation statusvulnerable[1]
Protected22.5%[2]

The Southern miombo woodlands is a tropical grasslands and woodlands ecoregion extending across portions of Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

It is one of four

miombo woodlands
ecoregions that span the African continent south of the Congo forests and East African savannas.

Geography

The Eastern miombo woodlands covers the hills and low plateaus in the watersheds of the

Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic bounds the ecoregion on the southeast, along the Indian Ocean coast.[1]

Zambia's capital Lusaka and Zimbabwe's capital Harare are in the ecoregion.

Flora

The predominant vegetation is savanna and open-canopy woodland. The predominant trees are species of Brachystegia (aka miombo), Julbernardia, and Isoberlinia.[1]

Some eastward-facing mountains intercept winds from the Indian Ocean, and

coastal evergreen forests, and canopy trees include Newtonia buchananii, Celtis mildbraedii, and Khaya anthotheca
.

Fauna

The ecoregion is home to several large grazing mammals, including the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), African buffalo (Synerus caffer), roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus), sable antelope (Hippotragus niger), Lichtenstein's hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus lichtensteinii), southern reedbuck (Redunca arundium), greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), common eland (Taurotragus oryx), and common tsessebe (Damaliscus lunatus). These large grazers generally have a low population density and large ranges, except for the roan antelope, which occurs in higher densities.[1]

Larger carnivores include lion (Panthera leo), leopard (Panthera pardus), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), caracal (Caracal caracal), and side-striped jackal (Lupulella adusta).[1]

Climate change

This ecoregion is believed to be a biodiversity hotspot, and one which is particularly vulnerable to climate change. In the more intense climate change scenarios where globally averaged warming reaches 4.5 °C (8.1 °F), around 90% of Miombo's amphibian species, 86% of its bird species and 80% of its mammal species are predicted to disappear from the area.[3][4]

Protected areas and conservation

22.5% of the ecoregion is in protected areas.[2] Protected areas which cover part of the ecoregion include:

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Southern miombo woodlands". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  2. ^ a b "Southern miombo woodlands. DOPA Explorer. Accessed 13 August 2021. [1]
  3. S2CID 158490978
    .
  4. ^ "Climate change risk for half of plant and animal species in biodiversity hotspots". ScienceDaily. March 13, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
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