Southport
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2024) |
Southport | ||
---|---|---|
Town | ||
Metropolitan county | ||
Region | ||
Country | England | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom | |
Districts of the town | ||
Post town | Southport | |
Postcode district | PR8, PR9 | |
Dialling code | 01704 | |
Police | Merseyside | |
Fire | Merseyside | |
Ambulance | North West | |
UK Parliament | ||
Southport is a
The town was founded in 1792 by
Extensive sand dunes stretch for several miles from Woodvale to Birkdale, the south of the town. The Ainsdale dunes have been designated as a national nature reserve and a Ramsar site. Local fauna include the natterjack toad and the sand lizard.[8][9] Southport hosts events, including an annual air show on and over the beach,[10] the largest independent flower show in the UK in Victoria Park, and the British Musical Fireworks Championship. The town is at the centre of England's "Golf Coast",[11] and has hosted the Open Championship at the Royal Birkdale Golf Club.
Etymology
The town gets its name from the South Port Hotel; built around 1797 (see #18th century).
History
10th–17th century
There have been settlements in the area now comprising Southport since the
Roman coins have been found at Halsall Moss and Crossens,[13] although the Romans never settled southwest Lancashire.
The first objective evidence of an early settlement in the region is in the Domesday Book, in which the area is called Otergimele. The Domesday Book states that there were 50 huts in Otergimele, housing a population 200. The population was scattered thinly across the region, and it was at the northeast end of Otergimele (present-day Crossens), where blown sand gave way to alluvial deposits from the River Ribble estuary, that a small concentration of people occurred.
It was here that a primitive church might have been built, which gave the emerging village its name of Churchtown, the parish being North Meols (pronounced "meals"). A church called St Cuthbert's is still at the centre of Churchtown.
With a booming fishing industry, the area grew and hamlets became part of the parish of North Meols. From south to north, these villages were South Hawes, Haweside, Little London, Higher Blowick, Lower Blowick, Rowe-Lane, Churchtown, Marshside, Crossens, and Banks.[14] As well as Churchtown, there were vicarages in Crossens and Banks.
Parts of the parish were almost completely surrounded by water until 1692 when Thomas Fleetwood of Bank Hall cut a channel to drain Martin Mere to the sea.[15] From this point on, attempts at large-scale drainage of Martin Mere and other marshland continued until the 19th century, since when the water has been pumped away. This left behind a legacy of fine agricultural soil and created a booming farming industry.
18th century
In the late 18th century, it was becoming fashionable for the well-to-do to desert inland spa towns and visit the seaside to bathe in the salt sea waters. At that time, doctors recommended bathing in the sea to help cure aches and pains. In 1792, William Sutton, the landlord of the Black Bull Inn in Churchtown (now the Hesketh Arms) and known to locals as "The Old Duke", realised the importance of the newly created canal systems across the UK and set up a bathing house in the virtually uninhabited dunes at South Hawes by the seaside just four miles (6 km) away from the newly constructed Leeds and Liverpool Canal and two miles southwest of Churchtown. When a widow from Wigan built a cottage nearby in 1797 for seasonal lodgers, Sutton quickly built a new inn on the site of the bathing house which he called the South Port Hotel, moving to live there the following season. There was no port, but "Southport" soon became the name of the town.[16] The locals thought him mad and referred to the building as the Duke's Folly, but Sutton arranged transport links from the canal that ran through Scarisbrick, four miles from the hotel, and trade was remarkably good. The hotel survived until 1854, when it was demolished to make way for traffic at the end of Lord Street, but its presence and the impact of its founder are marked by a plaque in the vicinity, by the name of one street at the intersection, namely Duke Street,[5] and by a hotel on Duke Street which bears the legacy name of Dukes Folly Hotel.
19th century
Southport grew quickly in the 19th century as it gained a reputation for being a more refined seaside resort than its neighbour Blackpool. Southport had a head start compared to all the other places on the Lancashire coast because it had easy access to the canal system. Other seaside bathing areas could not really get going until the railways were built some years later. The Leeds and Liverpool canal brought people from Liverpool, Manchester, Bolton and Wigan amongst others. By 1820 Southport had over 20,000 visitors per year.
Southport Pier is referred to as the first true "pleasure pier", being one of the earliest pier structures to be erected using iron. A design from James Brunlees was approved at a cost of £8,700 and on 4 August 1859 a large crowd witnessed the driving home of the first support pile. The opening of the pier was celebrated on 2 August 1860.[17]
On the night of 9 December 1886, the worst
A memorial was erected in Duke Street Cemetery and there is a permanent display in the museum at The Atkinson on Lord Street. There is also a memorial inside the Lifeboat house, now operated by the Southport Offshore Rescue Trust. Mexico was just one of many shipwrecks in the Southport area.
20th century
From 1894 to 1912 Birkdale and the adjoining village of Ainsdale were separate from Southport and administered by Birkdale
In 1914, a very short romance story between a "2 park road Southport" private soldier and French lady took place in Valenciennes in north France during early
In 1925, the RNLI abandoned the station at Southport and left the town with no lifeboat. In the late 1980s, after a series of tragedies, local families from Southport raised the funds to buy a new lifeboat for the town, stationed at the old RNLI lifeboat house.
On 21 March 1926,
21st century
Southport elected their first ever Labour MP in the 2024 general election.[21]
On 29 July 2024, three girls aged 6, 7 and 9 were murdered in
Governance
In 2024 Southport elected its first ever Labour MP since the creation of the constituency in the 1880s, with Labour politician Patrick Hurley succeeding Conservative incumbent Damien Moore.[28] Prior to that, Liberal Democrat John Pugh was the MP for Southport, holding the seat for 16 years until his retirement in the 2017 General election.
Southport, as part of the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton, one of the six boroughs of the Liverpool City Region.. It is governed by the Mayor of the Liverpool City Region, and the combined authority, which is responsible for areas of transport, trade and strategic governance of devolved powers in the town and wider Sefton Borough.
Lancashire (1866–1971)
Southport is located within the historic county of Lancashire, and was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1866. It became a county borough independent of the administrative county of Lancashire in 1905,[29] having reached the minimum 50,000 population (the 1911 census gave a figure of 51,643). The Birkdale Urban District, including the parishes of Birkdale and Ainsdale was added to Southport in 1912. The county borough had its headquarters at Southport Town Hall.[30]
Merseyside (1971-present)
Induction into the county of Merseyside
Under the 1971 Local Government White Paper, presented in February 1971, Southport would have lost its county borough status, becoming a non-metropolitan district within Lancashire. Rather than accept this fate and lose its separate education and social services departments, Southport Corporation lobbied for inclusion in the nearby planned metropolitan county of Merseyside, to join with Bootle and other units to form a district with the 250,000 required population. It was duly included in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton.[31]
A recurring local political issue has been the cross-party movement campaigning for Southport to leave Sefton and form its own unitary authority, perhaps adjoined to the neighbouring West Lancashire authority. Support for this has been seen amongst Liberal Democrat councillors,[32] and also within the Southport Conservative Party.[33]
Southport born Kevin Laroux Wood stood in the
Metropolitan Borough of Sefton
The government again directed the
The commission noted that Southport would have a relatively low population for a unitary authority, even including Formby (89,300 or 114,700), and that it was worried about the viability of a south Sefton authority without Southport, and therefore recommended the status quo be kept. The commission suggested the use of
In 2002, a local independent party calling themselves the Southport Party was established, with many members supporting a policy of "Southport out of Sefton." Three council seats were won in the 2002 local elections, including that of the leader of Sefton Council, Liberal Democrat Councillor, David Bamber. At the following election there were no gains and a drop in the number of votes for the party. At the all out election in 2004, one of their councillors stood down, whilst the other two lost their seats.
To date, there have been no further moves to change Sefton's boundaries, but the Boundary Commission indicated in 2004 that a future review is possible.[35]
From 2014 the Borough of Sefton became one of the six boroughs of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority.
Geography
The closest cities are Preston 20 km (12 miles) to the north east and Liverpool 27 km (17 miles) to the south.
Existing on the
Southport has a
The coast-to-coast Trans Pennine Trail (TPT) stretches the breadth of northern England – 215 miles (346 km) from Southport in the west to Hornsea in the east. The TPT is a route for walkers, cyclists and horse riders linking the North and Irish seas and passing through the Pennines. It runs alongside rivers and canals and through some of the most historic towns and cities in the North of England.
Demography
The
The population of Southport began to rapidly increase during the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian era. From then the population has been stable with minor decline in some areas of the town.
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Source: Southport – A Vision of Britain, City Population – Southport & [40] |
Economy
Tourism
As a seaside town Southport has a history of leisure and recreation and is still dependent on tourism. The town went into decline when cheap air travel arrived in the 1960s and people chose to holiday abroad due to competitive prices and more reliable weather.[41] However, the town kept afloat with people coming to spend the day by the seaside on bank holidays and weekends. The town has diversified with annual events, shopping and conferences. In 2011, Southport was named the fourteenth-most popular coastal resort in the country, benefiting from a 23% rise in money spent in the resort in that year.[42] Part of the resort's progress is a result of the money invested in Southport over recent years.
- Southport Airshow,[43] the north west's biggest airshow, held in the summer
- Southport Flower Show[44]
- British Musical Fireworks Championships[45]
- Southport International Jazz Festival[46]
- Southport Food and Drink Festival[47][48]
- Southport Rocks[49]
- Southport 24 Hour Race,[50] A sailing race that sees boats racing continuously for 24 hours even in extreme weather conditions. Entries have included Olympic gold medallists[51] and teams from the Republic of Ireland and France, and even the US and Australia. It is regarded as one of the hardest endurance races in the world.[52][53]
- Tidy Boys IDEAL Weekender[54]
Business
While Southport has a dependence on tourism the town is also home to businesses both in the private and public sector. Some manufacturing facilities were situated in the town, most notably Chewits were manufactured in the town from 1965 to 2006, only closing to move production to Slovakia. Manufacturing has diminished in the last few decades and only a few sites are still in production in the town today.
Lord Street is the main shopping street of Southport. It is one of the great shopping streets of Northern England and is said to be the inspiration for the tree-lined boulevards of Paris.[citation needed] In the 2000s Chapel Street was pedestrianised and is home to famous brands.[55] Southport also has an indoor market situated on King Street and Market Street[56][57] as well as a farmers' market held on the last Thursday of every month on Chapel Street.[58]
Southport has hosted conferences since at least the 1880s when the Royal Institution met in the town. The former Southport Theatre & Convention Centre closed in 2020 and a planning permission application for a new Marine Lake Events Centre was submitted at the end of June 2022.
England's Golf Coast
Southport is often called England's Golfing Capital because it is at the centre of England's Golf Coast.
Attractions
One of Southport's main attractions for many years was
An earlier permanent funfair, Peter Pan's Playground, closed in the 1980s and is now the site of part of the Ocean Plaza shopping development.A former landmark of Pleasureland was the Looping Star roller coaster, which was on site from 1985 to 1987. It featured in the video for the pop single Wonderful Life, by Liverpool band
Southport Model Railway Village is situated in Kings Gardens opposite the Royal Clifton Hotel and near the Marine Lake Bridge. The Model Railway Village opened in May 1996 and was created by Ray and Jean Jones. The Jones family still run the attraction today. The Model Railway Village season extends from April to the end of October. The season has extended into weekend openings during November, February and March, weather permitting.[69] An earlier model village, the Land of the Little People, was demolished in the late 1980s to make way for the aborted Winter Gardens/SIBEC shopping development. Its site is now occupied by a Morrison's supermarket.
Other attractions in Southport include Splash World, an indoor water park situated on the back of the Dunes swimming pool which opened in June 2007.[70] Meols Hall,[71] a manor house, home of the Hesketh family, is open to the public for a limited period each year. Its history back to the Domesday Book. The British Lawnmower Museum is based in Shakespeare Street, a short distance outside the town centre.[72] The Power Station, that was the base of the town's former radio station Dune FM, on the edge of Victoria Park, which itself is home to the Southport Flower Show.[73]
Architecture
See also Listed buildings in Southport
Southport has many unique buildings and features, many of which are privately owned Victorian villas and houses and the town centre shops are of architectural interest. The most notable buildings, gardens and places of architectural interest are:
- Lakeside Miniature Railway
- Southport Pier Tramway
- Marine Way Bridge
- Lord Street
- Southport Model Railway Village
- Promenade Hospital, renovated as luxury flats and renamed Marine Gate Mansions
- Ribble Building, built as a railway station then adapted for use as a bus station, part of the site was redeveloped as a supermarket and the remainder converted to a hotel and 24hr gym
- Smedley Hydro A former Victorian Hydropathic Health Spa, now under ownership of the Home Office for the UK's Birth, Deaths and Marriages
- Botanic Gardens
- Hesketh Park
- Park Crescent, Hesketh Park No.29 has one of the oldest existing residential garages in the UK dating from about 1899, although both house and garage have been converted to flats.[74]
- Rosefield Hall on Hesketh Road, built 1908, former home of Maurice de Forest and used as a hospital during World War II
- Meols Hall
- Round House
- Wayfarers Arcade
- The Atkinson
- St Cuthbert's Church
- St George's United Reformed Church, Lord Street
- Emmanuel Parish Church, Cambridge Road, which has an organ, installed in 1914, built by Harrisons of Durham[75]
- Holy Trinity Church, founded before 1898[76]
- Queen Victoria Statue – originally moved from the Town Hall Gardens to Nevill Street junction to the Promenade and again to the pedestrianised side of Nevill Street.
Also of architectural interest, but not existing, are:
- Kingsway Night Club – demolished in 2010 following an arson attack
- Steamport Museum (housed inside the former 27C locomotive shed, demolished in late 2000) – site now occupied by Central 12 shopping complex)
- Palace Hotel, Birkdale(a large Victorian hotel – demolished in 1969
- Southport General Infirmary – demolished in 2008–09 with only a wing of the infirmary remaining as it is being used for mental health services
Transport
Road
Southport is the second-largest town in Britain with no direct dual-carriageway link to the national motorway network (after Eastbourne: 2011 census).[citation needed] Due to its position by the coast, Southport is a linear settlement and as such can only be approached in a limited number of directions by road.
The main roads entering Southport are:
- A565 (from Preston to the northeast, from the A59 Liverpool – Preston – York)
- A570 (from Ormskirk and St Helens to the southeast)
- A565 (from Liverpool and Formby to the south)
The nearest motorway connections are:
- from the southeast – junction 3 of the M58 (via the A570, twelve miles)
- from the south – junction 7 of the M57 (via the A565, fourteen miles)
- from the northeast – junction 1 of the A582, nineteen miles)
An east-west bypass for the A570 at Ormskirk is planned to relieve congestion on Southport's main access route to the motorway network, although the effectiveness of the proposals are still under debate.[77]
Several areas within Southport town centre have undergone major road redevelopment; the largest scheme was the construction of the Marine Way Bridge (opened May 2004), which connects the Lord Street shopping district with the new seafront developments. The 150-foot (46 m) high structure is thought to have cost in the region of £5 million.[78]
Also one of the main shopping areas in the town, Chapel Street, has undergone a pedestrianisation scheme to be similar to parts of Liverpool city centre.
Bus
Due to the limited number of directions by road, many of the services operated in Southport are from one place south to one place north or east of Southport.
The main operator is Arriva North West, that operates two (previously four) services to Liverpool, and two to Wigan and Skelmersdale via Ormskirk, Scarisbrick and Pinfold/Burscough. Arriva also operate three regular, local services, as well as a twice a day variation of service 46 (46B), six circular services around Formby, and used to operate one seasonal service (serving Pontins to the south of the town).
Cumfybus operate three regular, local services.
Huyton Travel (HTL Buses), operate one service, the 152 (St Helens, Merseyside – Ormskirk – Southport)
Rail
The Liverpool line was originally built by the Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway in 1848, to a temporary terminus at Eastbank Street, this line was extended to Chapel Street in 1851. It was followed on 9 April 1855 by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway and East Lancashire Railway (who had jointly taken over the Manchester and Southport Railway before it became operational) with a line from Wigan Wallgate to a terminus at London Street, with later stations at St Luke's and Blowick. Chapel Street and London Street were adjacent and all operations were transferred to Chapel Street in 1857.[79]
Formerly, Southport was served by three further railway lines:
- From 1882, the Preston Fishergate Hill. It had stations in Southport at Ash Street, St Luke's, Hesketh Park, Churchtown and Crossens. This line was shut in 1964, and nowadays, Southport and Preston are linked only by the (largely dual-carriageway) A565 and A59 roads.
- In 1884, another line from Southport to Liverpool was opened: the Southport & Cheshire Lines Extension Railway extended the CLC's North Liverpool Extension Line from Liverpool Central to Southport Lord Street. It had stations in Southport at Birkdale Palace and Ainsdale Beach.
- The West Lancashire Railway sponsored the Liverpool, Southport and Preston Junction Railway to provide a connection to the CLC line, joining it at Altcar and Hillhouse.[80] It had stations in Southport at Butts Lane and Kew Gardens. These lines ultimately proved uncompetitive, and the Southport services were withdrawn in 1952.
In July 1897, both the West Lancashire and the Liverpool, Southport and Preston Junction Railways were absorbed into the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&Y). The L&Y had a large terminus at Southport Chapel Street and could see no sense in operating two termini at very close proximity. In 1901, the L&Y completed a remodelling of the approach lines to Central to allow trains to divert onto the Manchester to Southport line and into Southport Chapel Street Station. Southport Central was closed to passengers and it became a goods depot eventually amalgamating with Chapel Street depot. It survived intact well into the 1970s.[81]
On
The Lakeside Miniature Railway passes under the pier, carrying passengers along the western side of the marine lake. The line claims to be the oldest continuously running 15 in (381 mm) gauge railway in the world.[83]
Education
There are several schools in the town. The all-girls Greenbank High School is situated next to the Royal Birkdale Golf Club,[84] and is a certified Specialist Language school. Actress Miranda Richardson was educated at the school. Its brother school is the all-boys Birkdale High School,[85] which specialises in mathematics.
There are several other high schools in the town, including
Independent schools
The town's last remaining independent preparatory school, Sunnymede School, which was in Westcliffe Road, Birkdale closed in 2010 due to a lack of pupils. In the past the town had more independent schools which included Tower Dene, Brighthelmston School (girls) and University School (boys). Kingswood College (originally St Wyburn's) is now housed outside Southport at Scarisbrick Hall.
Further education
The town has two further education colleges: Southport College, situated near to the town centre, and King George V College (KGV), located on Scarisbrick New Road in the Blowick area of the town.
Courses at Southport College include
Media
Newspapers
The town's media consists of two newspaper groups, and two radio stations. The independently owned Champion newspaper is a free weekly paper, while The Mid-week Visiter and The
Old Southport newspapers now out of print are as follows: Independent 1861–1920s;[92] Liverpool & Southport News 1861–1872;[92] Southport News (West Lancs) 1881–1885;[92] Southport Standard 1885–1899;[92] Southport Guardian 1882–1953;[93] Southport Journal 1904–1932;[93] Southport Star; and Southport Advertiser.
The area also has online media sites, including the UK's first
Broadcasting
The town's commercial radio station
Mighty Radio is Southport's only local community FM radio station broadcasting on 107.9 MHz FM and online. It was established in 2012, after the towns former station closed. Mighty Radio was given a trial
Southport is situated within the television regions of
Sports
Football
Southport is home to
Rugby
Southport is home to a rugby union club,
Founded as Southport Football Club on 29 November 1872, it is one of the oldest rugby clubs in the world. The first president of the club was Samuel Swire, the
Golf
The Royal Birkdale Golf Club situated in the dunes to the south of the town is one of the venues on The Open Championship rotation and has hosted two Ryder Cups. Nearby Southport and Ainsdale Golf Club is also a two time Ryder Cup venue and both Hillside Golf Club and Hesketh Golf Club host major events as well as being final open qualifying courses. Smaller links courses also surround the town.
Kite surfing
Ainsdale Beach, south of the town, is popular for kite sports, including kite-surfing.
Speed record
In 1925, Henry Segrave set a world land speed record of 152.33 mph (245.15 km/h) on the beach, driving a Sunbeam Tiger. His association is commemorated by the name of a public house on Lord Street.
Water
Marine Lake lies nestled between the town centre and the sea and is used for water-sports including water-skiing, sailing and rowing. The lake is home to the
Cycling
The flat and scenic route alongside the beach is popular with cyclists, and is the start of the Trans Pennine Trail, a cycle route running across the north of the country to Selby in North Yorkshire, through Hull and on to Hornsea on the east coast.
In June 2008, Cycling England announced Southport as one of the 11 new cycling towns, which shared £47 million from the government to be spent solely on cycling schemes in the towns.[99] Southport's Cycling Towns programme aims to encourage tourism and leisure cycling, create regeneration opportunities and significantly increase cycling to school.[100] There are now many cycle lanes in Southport and more are planned, to encourage cycling in the town.
Speedway Racing
An article in the Northern Daily Telegraph for 22 September 1929 reports that a proposed meeting at Kew Speedway had been halted due to the intervention of the Auto Cycle Union. (ACU) The proprietor of the venture was Mr Farrar. It is not known if the track was amended and if any events took place.
Notable people
- Lord Fearn, politician, MP for Southport, [101] and Peer.[102]
- Lee Mack, comedian and actor[103]
- Keith Pring, footballer for Southport FC from 1969 - 71[104]
- Jackie Rimmer, footballer, played for Southport FC.[105]
- Michael Rimmer, 800-metre athlete[citation needed]
- Stuart Rimmer, footballer[citation needed]
- William Rimmer, composer and conductor[citation needed]
- Tony Rodwell, footballer[106]
- G. B. Samuelson, pioneer of British cinema[citation needed]
- Shaun Teale, footballer for Southport FC[107]
Famous animals and entities
- Red Rum, record-breaking racehorse and three-time winner of the Aintree Grand National[108]
- Eagle, a comic for boys, started in Southport[109]
- Ron Asheton, founder member of The Stooges. Decided on a music career after visiting The Cavern Club during a stay in Southport. [110]
See also
- Corgi Motorcycle Co Ltd.
- Southport (UK Parliament constituency)
- Southport Corporation Tramways
- Southport power station
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{{cite web}}
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Further reading
- Aughton, Peter (1988), North Meols and Southport – A History, Carnegie Press, ISBN 0-948789-17-4
- Braham, Michael; Wilde, Geoff (1995), The Sandgrounders: The Complete League History of Southport F. C., Palatine Books, ISBN 1-874181-14-4
- Brough, Harold (2006), What The Butler Saw and All That: a Pictorial History of Southport's Historic Pier, Harold Brough, ISBN 0-9554780-0-6
- Copnall, Stephen (2005), Pleasureland Memories: A History of Southport's Amusement Park, Skelter Publishing, ISBN 0-9544573-3-1
- Foster, Harry (1995), New Birkdale – The Growth of a Lancashire Seaside Suburb 1850–1912, Birkdale and Ainsdale Historical Research Society, ISBN 0-9510905-1-8
- Foster, Harry (2000), New Ainsdale: The Struggle of a Seaside Suburb 1850–2000, Birkdale and Ainsdale Historical Research Society, ISBN 0-9510905-5-0
- Foster, Harry (2008), Southport: A Pictorial History, Phillimore & Co. Ltd, ISBN 978-0-85033-966-6
- Gell, Rob (1986), An Illustrated Survey of Railway Stations Between Southport & Liverpool 1848–1986, Heyday Publishing Company, ISBN 0-947562-04-4
- Greenwood, Cedric (1990) [1971], Thatch, towers and colonnades: The story of architecture in Southport, Carnegie Publishing, ISBN 0-948789-64-6
- Harding, Stephen (2002), Viking Mersey: Scandinavian Wirral, West Lancashire and Chester, Countyvise Ltd, ISBN 1-901231-34-8
- Lewis, David (2005), Southport: Stories and Landscapes, Breedon Publishing, ISBN 978-1-85983-467-1
- Smith, Philip (2009), The Sands of Time: An Introduction to the Sand Dunes of the Sefton Coast Line, Amberley Publishing, ISBN 978-1-902700-03-8
- Yorke, Barbara; Yorke, Reg (1982), "Britain's First Lifeboat Station: Formby, 1776–1918", Alternative Press, ISBN 0-9508155-0-0
- Trust in Yellow (2008), The Complete Non-League History of Southport Football Club 1978–2008, Legends Publishing, ISBN 978-1-906796-01-3
- Local Newspapers, holds newspaper title names from 1750 to 1920. ISBN 0-907099-46-7