Soviet cruiser Chervona Ukraina

Coordinates: 45°50′00″N 33°09′00″E / 45.8333°N 33.15°E / 45.8333; 33.15
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For other ships with the same name, see Russian ship Admiral Nakhimov and Russian cruiser Varyag (1983).

Chervona Ukraina before her 1939–1941 refit
History
Soviet Union
NameChervona Ukraina
BuilderRussud Dockyard, Nikolayev
Laid down31 October 1913
Launched6 November 1915
Commissioned21 March 1927
Out of serviceSunk by aircraft, 13 November 1941
Fate
  • Raised November 1947
  • Used as a target from 30 October 1950
General characteristics (after 1939–1941 refit)
Class and typeAdmiral Nakhimov-class light cruiser
Displacement8,400 t (8,300 long tons; 9,300 short tons)
Length166.7 m (546 ft 11 in)
Beam15.7 m (51 ft 6 in)
Draught6.2 m (20 ft 4 in)
Installed power
Propulsion4 shafts, 4 geared steam turbines
Speed29.5 knots (54.6 km/h; 33.9 mph)
Range3,700 nmi (6,900 km; 4,300 mi) at 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph)
Complement852
Armament
Armour
  • Upper and lower armoured deck:s: 20 mm (0.79 in) each
  • Gun shields: 25 mm (0.98 in)
  • Lower armour belt: 76 mm (3.0 in)
  • Upper armour belt: 25 mm (0.98 in)
  • Conning tower: 76 mm (3.0 in)

Chervona Ukraina (

hulk
before becoming a target ship in 1950.

Description

Chervona Ukraina displaced 8,400

kW) and gave a maximum speed of 29.5 knots (54.6 km/h; 33.9 mph). The engines were powered by 14 Yarrow water-tube boilers. Four were coal-fired while the rest were mixed-firing. The ship carried a maximum of 540 long tons (550 t) of coal and an additional 690 long tons (700 t) of fuel oil that was sprayed on the coal to increase its burn rate in the mixed-firing boilers. At full capacity, she could steam for 1,200 nautical miles (2,200 km; 1,400 mi) at a speed of 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph). Chervona Ukraina was designed to carry about 630 officers and men.[1]

The ship's main armament consisted of fifteen 55-calibre 130 mm (5.1 in)B7 Pattern 1913 guns in single mounts, six of which were mounted in casemates. Her anti-aircraft armament consisted of four 64-millimetre (2.5 in) guns. Chervona Ukraina also mounted twelve above-water 457-millimetre (18 in) torpedo tubes in triple swivelling mounts.[1]

Chervona Ukraina's waterline

Krupp cemented armour and above it was an upper belt 25 millimetres (0.98 in) thick. The gun shields were protected by 25 millimetres (0.98 in) of armour. Each of the armoured decks was 20 millimetres (0.79 in) thick. The armour of the conning tower was 76 millimetres (3.0 in) thick.[1]

Service history

She was laid down on 3 October 1913 as Admiral Nakhimov after

Bogdan Khmelnitsky, but Nikolayev was captured shortly afterward by French-led Allied military forces.[3]

At the start of the Russian Civil War, the ship was run aground at the fitting dock in Nikolayev by the shipyard workers to hinder the evacuation by the Whites in 1919. The ship was raised by the Soviets in 1920 pending a decision on her disposition. The ship was renamed to Chervona Ukraina on 7 December 1922. It was decided to finish her in 1923 and the job was completed in 1927 to nearly the original design. She was modified to handle aircraft by adding cranes on either side of the middle funnel and a parking area was built for them between the central and rear funnels, although no catapult was ever fitted. The original internal torpedo tubes were replaced by four triple 457 mm (18.0 in) torpedo tubes mounted on the deck abaft the rear funnel.[4]

Chervona Ukraina made a number of port visits to Turkey, Greece and Italy before World War II.[5] She was extensively overhauled between 26 August 1939 and 1 May 1941[6] where her aircraft equipment was removed and she was fitted with new fire control equipment. The ship was given three Italian Minizini twin-gun 50 caliber 100 mm (3.9 in) anti-aircraft mounts, one was placed on the forecastle, in front of the forward 130 mm (5.1 in) B7 Pattern 1913 gun and the other two on each side of the quarterdeck. One torpedo tube mount was removed from each side and four single mounts for the semi-automatic 45 mm (1.8 in) 21-K gun were fitted as well as seven 12.7 mm (0.50 in) DShK heavy machine guns.[7][8]

World War II

Chervona Ukraina, in company with the cruisers

dive-bombers from II./StG 77 on 12 November 1941, but didn't sink until the next day after her crew was ordered to abandon her.[12] Her guns were salvaged and most of the guns and crew were incorporated into the port's defenses,[13][14] although two of her twin Minizini turrets were added to Krasny Kavkaz.[8]

She was raised on 3 November 1947, repaired, and used as a training

hulk until 30 October 1950 when she became a target ship. On 10 May 1952, Chervona Ukraina was grounded on a spit to serve as a fixed target;[12] by 1980 there was nothing left of the ship above the surface.[15]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Breyer, p. 118
  2. ^ Breyer, p. 117
  3. ^ Шрамченко Святослав. Українська воєнна Фльота 1919–1920 рр.//Історія українського війська (від княжих часів до 20х років ХХ ст.) / Крип'якевич І., Гнатевич Б., Стефанів З. Та ін. 4те вид. Змін. І доп. Львів: Світ, 1992, C. 433–446
  4. ^ Breyer, pp. 117, 165
  5. ^ "Chervona Ukraina" (in Russian). Retrieved 20 July 2009.
  6. ^ "Type Svetlana" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 29 October 2002. Retrieved 20 July 2009.
  7. ^ Breyer, p. 165
  8. ^
    ISBN 978-1-84486-041-8
    .
  9. ^ Rohwer, pp. 80–81
  10. ^ Rohwer, pp. 97, 100
  11. ^ Rohwer, pp. 105, 108
  12. ^ a b "Light cruiser Chervona Ukraine" (in Russian). Retrieved 20 July 2009.
  13. ^ Rohwer, pp. 111–112, 114
  14. ^ Budzbon, p. 326
  15. ^ "Skeleton of the cruiser" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2009.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chervona Ukraina (ship, 1915).

45°50′00″N 33°09′00″E / 45.8333°N 33.15°E / 45.8333; 33.15

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