Transcription factor Sp1
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Location (UCSC) | Chr 12: 53.38 – 53.42 Mb | Chr 15: 102.31 – 102.34 Mb | |||||||
PubMed search | [3] | [4] |
View/Edit Human | View/Edit Mouse |
Transcription factor Sp1, also known as specificity protein 1* is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SP1 gene.[5]
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to GC-rich motifs of many promoters. The encoded protein is involved in many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, cell growth, apoptosis, immune responses, response to DNA damage, and chromatin remodeling. post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and proteolytic processing significantly affect the activity of this protein, which can be an activator or a repressor.[5]
In the SV40 virus, Sp1 binds to the GC boxes in the regulatory sequence of the genome.
Structure
SP1 belongs to the
Applications
Sp1 has been used as a control protein to compare with when studying the increase or decrease of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and/or the estrogen receptor, since it binds to both and generally remains at a relatively constant level.[8]
Recently, a putative
Inhibitors
miR-375-5p microRNA significantly decreased expression of SP1 and YAP1 in colorectal cancer cells. SP1 and YAP1 mRNAs are direct targets of miR-375-5p.[12]
Interactions
Transcription factor Sp1 has been shown to
- AATF,[13]
- CEBPB,[14][15]
- COL1A1,[16]
- E2F1,[17][18][19]
- FOSL1,[20]
- GABPA,[21]
- HDAC1,[13][22][23][24]
- HDAC2,[23][24][25]
- HMGA1,[15]
- HCFC1,[26][27]
- HTT,[28]
- KLF6,[29]
- MEF2C,[30]
- MEF2D,[31]
- MSX1,[32]
- Myogenin,[33]
- POU2F1,[26][34]
- PPP1R13L,[35]
- PSMC5,[36][37]
- PML,[38]
- RELA,[39][40]
- SMAD3,[41][42]
- SUMO1,[36]
- SF1,[43]
- TAL1,[44]
- UBC.[36]
- WRN,[45]
- DDX3X
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000185591 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000001280 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: Sp1 transcription factor".
- PMID 15284899.
- PMID 31101117.
- PMID 12612060.
- PMID 32975364.
- PMID 25418289.
- ^ Prasanna KS, Shilpa P, Salimath BP (2009). "Withaferin A suppresses the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells via Sp1 transcription" (PDF). Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy. 3 (2): 138–148.[permanent dead link]
- PMID 31543507.
- ^ PMID 12847090.
- PMID 12847250.
- ^ PMID 12665574.
- PMID 7590335.
- PMID 8657142.
- PMID 10547281.
- PMID 8657141.
- PMID 23319049.
- S2CID 29403871.
- PMID 11896613.
- ^ PMID 12091390.
- ^ PMID 12176973.
- PMID 12151407.
- ^ S2CID 1339642.
- PMID 12670868.
- PMID 11839795.
- PMID 12433697.
- PMID 9748305.
- PMID 12213324.
- PMID 10215616.
- PMID 10082523.
- PMID 8668525.
- PMID 12134007.
- ^ PMID 18572193.
- PMID 10816420.
- PMID 9819401.
- S2CID 15753719.
- PMID 7933095.
- PMID 11432852.
- PMID 11114293.
- PMID 10919277.
- PMID 12239153.
- PMID 9774636.
Further reading
- Dreier B, Beerli RR, Segal DJ, Flippin JD, Barbas CF (August 2001). "Development of zinc finger domains for recognition of the 5'-ANN-3' family of DNA sequences and their use in the construction of artificial transcription factors". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (31): 29466–78. PMID 11340073.
- Tseng L, Gao J, Mazella J, Zhu HH, Lane B (September 1997). "Differentiation-dependent and cell-specific regulation of the hIGFBP-1 gene in human endometrium". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 828 (1): 27–37. S2CID 1601677.
- Dyson N (August 1998). "The regulation of E2F by pRB-family proteins". Genes & Development. 12 (15): 2245–62. PMID 9694791.
- Zhang Y, Dufau ML (June 2003). "Dual mechanisms of regulation of transcription of luteinizing hormone receptor gene by nuclear orphan receptors and histone deacetylase complexes". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 85 (2–5): 401–14. S2CID 28512341.
- Kino T, Pavlakis GN (April 2004). "Partner molecules of accessory protein Vpr of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1". DNA and Cell Biology. 23 (4): 193–205. PMID 15142377.
- Seelamgari A, Maddukuri A, Berro R, de la Fuente C, Kehn K, Deng L, et al. (September 2004). "Role of viral regulatory and accessory proteins in HIV-1 replication". Frontiers in Bioscience. 9 (1–3): 2388–413. PMID 15353294.
- Le Rouzic E, Benichou S (February 2005). "The Vpr protein from HIV-1: distinct roles along the viral life cycle". Retrovirology. 2: 11. PMID 15725353.
- Kamine J, Chinnadurai G (June 1992). "Synergistic activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter by the viral Tat protein and cellular transcription factor Sp1". Journal of Virology. 66 (6): 3932–6. PMID 1583736.
- Szpirer J, Szpirer C, Riviere M, Levan G, Marynen P, Cassiman JJ, et al. (September 1991). "The Sp1 transcription factor gene (SP1) and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor gene (VDR) are colocalized on human chromosome arm 12q and rat chromosome 7". Genomics. 11 (1): 168–73. PMID 1662663.
- Gumucio DL, Rood KL, Blanchard-McQuate KL, Gray TA, Saulino A, Collins FS (October 1991). "Interaction of Sp1 with the human gamma globin promoter: binding and transactivation of normal and mutant promoters". Blood. 78 (7): 1853–63. PMID 1912570.
- Kamine J, Subramanian T, Chinnadurai G (October 1991). "Sp1-dependent activation of a synthetic promoter by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 88 (19): 8510–4. PMID 1924310.
- Courey AJ, Holtzman DA, Jackson SP, Tjian R (December 1989). "Synergistic activation by the glutamine-rich domains of human transcription factor Sp1". Cell. 59 (5): 827–36. S2CID 2910480.
- Harrich D, Garcia J, Wu F, Mitsuyasu R, Gonazalez J, Gaynor R (June 1989). "Role of SP1-binding domains in in vivo transcriptional regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat". Journal of Virology. 63 (6): 2585–91. PMID 2657100.
- Jackson SP, Tjian R (October 1988). "O-glycosylation of eukaryotic transcription factors: implications for mechanisms of transcriptional regulation". Cell. 55 (1): 125–33. S2CID 42523965.
- Kadonaga JT, Carner KR, Masiarz FR, Tjian R (December 1987). "Isolation of cDNA encoding transcription factor Sp1 and functional analysis of the DNA binding domain". Cell. 51 (6): 1079–90. S2CID 19383553.
- Zhang R, Min W, Sessa WC (June 1995). "Functional analysis of the human endothelial nitric oxide synthase promoter. Sp1 and GATA factors are necessary for basal transcription in endothelial cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (25): 15320–6. PMID 7541039.
- Hagen G, Dennig J, Preiss A, Beato M, Suske G (October 1995). "Functional analyses of the transcription factor Sp4 reveal properties distinct from Sp1 and Sp3". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (42): 24989–94. PMID 7559627.
- Datta PK, Raychaudhuri P, Bagchi S (October 1995). "Association of p107 with Sp1: genetically separable regions of p107 are involved in regulation of E2F- and Sp1-dependent transcription". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 15 (10): 5444–52. PMID 7565695.
- Wang L, Mukherjee S, Jia F, Narayan O, Zhao LJ (October 1995). "Interaction of virion protein Vpr of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with cellular transcription factor Sp1 and trans-activation of viral long terminal repeat". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (43): 25564–9. PMID 7592727.
- Howcroft TK, Palmer LA, Brown J, Rellahan B, Kashanchi F, Brady JN, Singer DS (July 1995). "HIV Tat represses transcription through Sp1-like elements in the basal promoter". Immunity. 3 (1): 127–38. PMID 7621073.
- Ferrari N, Desmarais D, Royal A (July 1995). "Transcriptional activation of the neuronal peripherin-encoding gene depends on a G + C-rich element that binds Sp1 in vitro and in vivo". Gene. 159 (2): 159–65. PMID 7622044.
- Tan NY, Midgley VC, Kavurma MM, Santiago FS, Luo X, Peden R, et al. (February 2008). "Angiotensin II-inducible platelet-derived growth factor-D transcription requires specific Ser/Thr residues in the second zinc finger region of Sp1". Circulation Research. 102 (4): e38-51. PMID 18258854.
External links
- Sp1+Transcription+Factor at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- FactorBook SP1
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.