Space: Above and Beyond
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Space: Above and Beyond | |
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Genre | Science fiction |
Created by | |
Starring | |
Theme music composer | Queensland, Australia[1] |
Running time | 45 minutes |
Production companies |
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Original release | |
Network | Fox |
Release | September 24, 1995 June 2, 1996 | –
Space: Above and Beyond is an American
Set in the years 2063–2064, the show focuses on the "Wildcards", members of the United States Marine Corps 58th Squadron of the Space Aviator Cavalry. They are stationed on the space carrier USS Saratoga, acting as both infantry and pilots of SA-43 Endo/Exo-Atmospheric Attack Jet ("Hammerhead") fighters, battling an invading force of extraterrestrials.
Plot
Lacking technology that would enable faster-than-light (
At the opening of the series, the Chigs have defeated all counter-attacks and have entered the
.Prior to the events of the show, there was a war between humans and
Story arcs
Space: Above and Beyond connects episodes through prominent story arcs beside that of the main arc, the Chig War. In an approximated descending order of significance, these are:
Chig War (2063)
Chigs (sometimes referred to as Glyphs) are a fictional alien species in the science fiction television series Space: Above and Beyond. Chig is not the species' name for itself but a human-coined nickname (referencing the chigoe flea).[3]
Background
Chigs are humanoid,
The series provides little evidence about the Chigs until the last two episodes, choosing to initially present the Chigs as a traditional science-fiction alien enemy out to destroy humanity. Throughout the series, the writers provide several small clues regarding the nature of the Chigs, their motives, and their biology before devoting the last two episodes of the series to revealing the possibility that Chigs and humans are related species.
History
As the series presents it, human contact with the Chigs begins when an uncrewed probe, launched by the military-industrial corporation Aero-Tech, lands on "celestial body 2064K" (later given military designation 'Anvil'), the moon orbiting the Chig homeworld. This moon is sacred to the Chigs because it is where life originated via panspermia and where Chigs still go to be born.[5] The Chigs evolved from bacteria that originated on Earth billions of years ago: an asteroid collision threw these bacteria into space, carried by meteorites, where they eventually landed on the Chig sacred moon. Life on Earth had already advanced to the eukaryote stage of development, and the rate of evolution proceeded slightly faster for the bacteria on their new world, allowing life there to evolve to the point that it could produce the sentient Chigs at roughly the same time that modern humans evolved.
The Aero-Tech probe manages to obtain a limited amount of data before the Chigs send a warning signal through it and destroy the probe. Aero-Tech, for unknown reasons, apparently chooses to keep this "
Through surprise, superior numbers, and advanced technology, the Chigs gained the advantage in early battles. However, humanity's adaptability and ferocity catch them off guard. The Chigs, who favor large, direct military strategies, are unprepared for the guerrilla tactics used by the human forces.
Technology
Chig technology is slightly more advanced than Human technology at the beginning of the series, though only loosely, on the scale of a few decades of advancement. Chigs have
Culture
Much about Chig society remains unknown throughout the series, which presents them as mysterious and terrifying aliens trying to destroy humanity. Their hierarchy and general
Humans are, it turns out, just as much mysterious & terrifying aliens to the Chigs as they are to humans. As the Chigs encountered snippets of human culture, through intercepted radio transmissions or recovered personal effects, they drastically misinterpreted this alien concept of an "afterlife". This led the Chigs to believe that dead human soldiers will literally spring back to life sometime after their death and that burying a corpse aids in this process. Genuinely terrified of this human "army of zombies", Chig infantry then began to dig up the graves of human soldiers they came across in order to dismember their corpses to make sure they "stay dead".[7]
Just as humans have applied the
Chigs of note
- "Chiggy von Richthofen" – named after Manfred von Richthofen – flew an advanced Chig stealth fighter, with the words "Abandon All Hope" written in English on its hull. Its armor was impervious to standard cannon fire, and it was a superior vessel to Earth fighters, destroying dozens of them. "Chiggy von Richthofen" was killed in a dogfight against Lt. Col. T.C. McQueen, who used missiles to breach the armor of the fighter.
- Chig Ambassador: A Chig envoy sent alone and unarmed to the USS Saratoga to negotiate an end to hostilities between humans and Chigs. It was equipped with a translation device capable of producing English. The Chig attempted to explain the circumstances of the Vesta and Tellus colony massacres, blaming Aero-Tech CEO E. Allen Wayne for desecrating the sacred moon of their homeworld with an uncrewed probe. When Wayne refused to admit to the act, the Chig attacked him. As Lt. Col. McQueen fired a weapon to kill the Chig ambassador, the mixture of methane and oxygen ignited, resulting in an explosion that killed the Ambassador, Wayne, and several top Earth military officers.
Silicates
Silicates are a fictional race of
History
The Silicates were created to be servants and soldiers, but they developed intelligence and sentience after they were infected by the Take a Chance computer virus created by Dr. Ken Stranahan (name from the show's visual effects supervisor). This sparked an AI rebellion by the Silicates, who attempted to free themselves from human rule. The war continued for many years, until the Silicates captured military spacecraft and escaped into space. As they went into space, the Silicates suffered from a lack of maintenance which caused problems for them. The remnants of the Silicates that fled into deep space serve as mercenaries and actually aid the alien "
Capabilities
The AIs (
Silicates were designed to be
Silicates communicate with one another through modulation schemes made by wireless telephone which comes across to humans as a series of electronic beeps and chirps. This wireless network allows each AI to know the position and operating status of the other units. Their mechanical nature allows them to store information and retrieve it, making them excellent in information gathering which can be shared with their colleagues when demanded.
Behavior
As the AI Silicates were created as a "servitor" species, they were programmed to understand abstraction, but their programmes restricted original thought and creativity, leaving them to simply imitate rather than create. Had the "Take a Chance" computer virus not been created, it is likely the Silicates would have remained servile. Risk-taking has become the prime ideology of the AI Silicates, which results in them seeing activities as a risk or gamble. The first "risk" was the indiscriminate killing of their human creators in the AI War, which lasted for ten years. The Silicate robots refer to humans as "carbonites", because they are carbon-based life forms.
Because the Silicates were programmed to comprehend abstract thought but restricted from formulating original thoughts & not possessing normal emotions, they are capable of understanding that humans experience fear, albeit this comprehension is on an academic level. This made the Silicates a deadly enemy in the AI Wars, because while they experienced no fear in combat, they realized the value of random and savage attacks meant to terrify and demoralize humans. While the Silicates were incapable of originating such tactics, they simply needed to imitate the long history of terror tactics used by human armies.
A Silicate's inability to experience emotion is contradicted in two episodes: 'Pearly', in which a Silicate displays concern for the welfare of and affection for a Silicate that is badly injured and 'The Dark Side of the Sun', where revenge upon the protagonists for the death of another Silicate is attempted. The emotional capability of Silicates is never explored in the series, so it is unknown if these displays of emotion were out of character or the intentional development of character types.
It is implied that the AI Wars were not much of a conventional war, with each side gaining and losing territory, but largely consisted of Silicates infiltrating human societies and committing random acts of
The tide of the Human-Chig war began to turn after initial Chig successes because Chig battle-tactics favored large and direct military assaults; the human military switched to guerrilla warfare, which the Chigs were not conceptually experienced in fighting. The subsequent alliance between the Chigs and the remnants of the Silicates, who are quite experienced at non-conventional warfare and terror tactics, partially made up for this deficit in Chig strategy.
In Vitroes
In Vitroes are artificially gestated humans, produced through genetic engineering. Originally, the Silicates were built to be humanity's servants and soldiers, but, after they revolted, the In Vitroes were developed to replace them as the new disposable underclass. Large numbers of In Vitroes were grown as shock troops for use in the AI War.
In Vitroes are created by mix-and-matching chromosomes and genetic sequences from dozens of donors to create optimal traits; they do not have "parents" who ever existed as distinct people. In Vitroes are easily identified by their protruding navel located on the back of the neck, rather than on the abdomen. Some In Vitroes from the same batch contain similar enough genetic material that they could be considered siblings, but they rarely meet. In Vitroes do not generally have "family" members – a fact that affects their morale and loyalty.
In Vitroes do not share
Due to their limited
This repeating theme explores topics such as
Aero-Tech and the UN
The dark Aero-Tech and UN story arcs inject elements of
Ending
The final episode of the series ends in a cliffhanger, with T. C. McQueen badly injured and most of the major cast apparently killed or missing in action, with only Cooper Hawkes and Nathan West left. Yet, with Earth in a much stronger strategic position, there is hope, despite the losses and sacrifices. These closing elements of the plot were written at a point when the producers knew that the show was likely to be canceled.
Episodes
No. | Title | Directed by James Wong September 24, 1995 | N/A | | |
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A human colony sixteen light-years away is attacked and destroyed by an unknown alien force (the "Chigs") while a group of youngsters enlist in the United States Marine Corps. While they train to become aviators, war is declared and human military forces suffer several costly defeats. The recruits are sent on a routine training mission where captured enemy information reveals the apparent battle plans of the alien attackers. The half-trained 58th the Wild Cards squadron, based upon the space carrier USS Saratoga is deployed to the far rear. However, not everything is as it seems, and the inexperienced 58th are suddenly thrown into a desperate battle (the Battle of the Belt).
Note: Originally aired as 2-hour movie. | |||||
2 | "The Farthest Man from Home" | David Nutter | Glen Morgan & James Wong | October 1, 1995 | 3S01 |
The Space carrier USS Saratoga passes close to the planet Tellus where human colonists were ambushed. Hoping that his missing girlfriend Kylen somehow survived, Lt. West goes AWOL with a "Hammerhead" and flies down to the planet. | |||||
3 | "The Dark Side of the Sun" | Charles Martin Smith | Glen Morgan & James Wong | October 8, 1995 | 3S02 |
The Wild Cards are sent to secure a major fuel ore mining facility, only to find it in the hands of enemy A.I. Silicates. | |||||
4 | "Mutiny" | Stephen Cragg | Stephen Zito | October 15, 1995 | 3S03 |
The 58th travel upon a civilian cargo hauler. The ship is attacked, and the captain decides to sacrifice part of his In Vitro cargo in order to save his ship. A mutiny forces Hawkes and McQueen, both In Vitroes, to make a difficult decision. | |||||
5 | "Ray Butts" | Charles Martin Smith | Glen Morgan & James Wong | October 22, 1995 | 3S04 |
A mysterious Lt. Colonel arrives unexpectedly on the USS Saratoga. Recruiting the Wild Cards for a classified mission, he changes the mission's objective as soon as they're behind enemy lines. | |||||
6 | "Eyes" | Felix Alcala | Glen Morgan & James Wong | November 5, 1995 | 3S06 |
The Voight-Kampff test in Blade Runner ) is imposed upon all In Vitroes in the military, including Lt. Colonel McQueen and Cooper Hawkes. Meanwhile, West is informed that high-ranking UN officials knew about the alien threat before the colonists were sent to the Vesta colony. | |||||
7 | "The Enemy" | Michael Katleman | Marilyn Osborn | November 12, 1995 | 3S05 |
While escorting military supplies to the contested planet Tartarus, the 58th become victims of a Chig mind-altering weapon. Unable to control their innermost fears, they begin to turn on each other. | |||||
8 | "Hostile Visit" | Thomas J. Wright | Peyton Webb | November 19, 1995 | 3S07 |
The USS Saratoga captures a Chig bomber, and McQueen suggests that they use the vessel as a Trojan Horse. The plan is to attack the aliens' home base in order to raise troop morale, but the plan goes horribly wrong. Note: Part 1 of 2. | |||||
9 | "Choice or Chance" | Felix Alcala | Doc Johnson | November 26, 1995 | 3S08 |
The 58th crash-land on a moon deep inside enemy territory, and Wang, West, Vansen, and Damphousse are captured by Silicates, while Cooper and McQueen manage to flee and evade capture. Wang is tortured and broken by a ruthless Silicate, while West discovers that Kylen is among other prisoners. A Silicate says that either Vansen or Damphousse will die and leaves the choice up to them. The Wild Cards attempt to escape. Note: Part 2 of 2. | |||||
10 | "Stay with the Dead" | Thomas J. Wright | Matt Kiene & Joe Reinkenmeyer | December 3, 1995 | 3S09 |
Suffering a brain concussion , West is rescued among the corpses of several U.S. Marines. His incoherent ravings that the 58th are still alive are dismissed due to an earlier transmission in which West stated that all his comrades were dead. | |||||
11 | "The River of Stars" | Tucker Gates | Marilyn Osborn | December 17, 1995 | 3S10 |
When the 58th are trapped inside a damaged space APC stranded deep inside enemy territory on Christmas Day, they receive a cryptic transmission which tells them how to "hitch a ride" back to safety upon an incoming comet's orbit. | |||||
12 | "Who Monitors the Birds?" | Winrich Kolbe | Glen Morgan & James Wong | January 7, 1996 | 3S11 |
Undertaking a covert assassination operation in exchange for an honorable discharge, Cooper Hawkes is wounded while his team member is killed. All alone inside enemy territory, he struggles to stay alive and is haunted by visions of death trying to seduce him in the incarnation of Shane Vansen. He remembers his past In Vitro education and how he was scheduled to be terminated because he asked too many questions. | |||||
13 | "Level of Necessity" | Thomas J. Wright | Matt Kiene & Joe Reinkenmeyer | January 14, 1996 | 3S12 |
After experiencing an anomalous precognition which saved the lives of the 58th, Damphousse is investigated by a Marine Colonel in charge of the psy operations. The Colonel is convinced that she possesses psychic powers and deduces that only true mortal danger activates her precognition . Therefore, he joins the 58th in a very dangerous mission. | |||||
14 | "Never No More" | James Charleston | Glen Morgan & James Wong | February 4, 1996 | 3S13 |
Several fighter squadrons gather upon the USS Saratoga in preparation for a rumored, future offensive. Vansen meets a former boyfriend, who is now the Captain of the 35th the Faithful squadron. A single enemy spy satellite has to be deployed for the planned invasion; the 35th gets the assignment, and Vansen decides to transfer to that unit. McQueen, risking a court-martial , gives her a warning to be extremely cautious.
Note: Part 1 of 2. | |||||
15 | "The Angriest Angel" | Henri Safran | Glen Morgan & James Wong | February 11, 1996 | 3S14 |
A plan to trap and destroy "Chiggy von Richthofen", who pilots a prototype stealth space fighter, fails. Lt. Colonel T. C. McQueen, a survivor of the destroyed elite 127th the Angry Angels squadron, prepares himself to search, find, and engage the enemy ace. Note: Part 2 of 2. | |||||
16 | "Toy Soldiers" | Stephen Posey | Marilyn Osborn | February 18, 1996 | 3S15 |
West is upset when his younger brother, who has joined the U.S. Marines, arrives upon the USS Saratoga under the command of an inexperienced, foolish, Gung-ho Second Lieutenant . | |||||
17 | "Dear Earth" | Winrich Kolbe | Richard Whitley | March 3, 1996 | 3S16 |
The members of the 58th receive letters from home - some with good news, some with bad, while McQueen and Cooper are ordered to cooperate in a TV documentary about In Vitroes serving in the United States Marine Corps. | |||||
18 | "Pearly" | Charles Martin Smith | Richard Whitley | March 24, 1996 | 3S18 |
On a planet overrun with Chigs, the 58th retreat with a U.S. 7th Cavalry upon a tank named "Pearly". They encounter the eccentric Major Cyril MacKendrick, sole survivor of a battalion of the British Coldstream Guards . Wang again encounters a Silicate of the same model that previously tortured him. | |||||
19 | "R&R" | Thomas J. Wright | Jule Selbo | April 12, 1996 | 3S19 |
The exhausted Wild Cards are granted R&R aboard the Bacchus, a pleasure ship where it's said anything can, and does, happen. | |||||
20 | "Stardust" | Jesus Trevino | Howard Grigsby | April 19, 1996 | 3S20 |
A mysterious group of extremely high-ranking officers disembark on the USS Saratoga, and the 58th are ordered to escort an unresponsive space APC. The mysterious APC suddenly locks onto their Hammerhead fighters and opens fire. | |||||
21 | "Sugar Dirt" | Thomas J. Wright | Matt Kiene & Joe Reinkenmeyer | April 20, 1996 | 3S17 |
A planetary invasion by Earth military forces is ambushed and turns into a military disaster. There is no air support and no ground reinforcement as the supporting fleet, among it the USS Saratoga, is forced to abandon 25,000 stranded troops in order to launch another assault, which could ultimately save millions of lives, upon a more strategic planet. Before departing, Commodore Ross issues instructions: "You're strongly encouraged, but not ordered to do so, to keep engaging the enemy. If however the situation becomes untenable, you're authorized to surrender. Semper fidelis.". Among the scattered, abandoned, and demoralized troops are the 58th, who are struggling to survive. | |||||
22 | "And If They Lay Us Down to Rest ..." | Vern Gillum | Glen Morgan & James Wong | May 26, 1996 | 3S21 |
The Wild Cards land on the moon of the Chig's home planet and encounter an extraterrestrial creature, which may be an entirely different life form or an unarmoured Chig. Soon afterwards, the enemy proposes a truce . | |||||
23 | "... Tell Our Moms We Done Our Best" | Thomas J. Wright | Glen Morgan & James Wong | June 2, 1996 | 3S22 |
While POWs trapped in a crippled space APC. Several enemy space fighters attack, and the 58th takes heavy losses. It is discovered that the Chigs are only offering peace because they know Earth's military will defeat them. |
Cast and characters
Main: 58th Squadron aka Wildcards
- tactician, and outstanding pilot, she was quickly chosen by her peers to be in command of her squadron in the early days of the Chig War, and this choice was reflected in her being selected as 'honcho' by her superiors in missions thereafter. During the war, she would repeatedly encounter the Silicates and would demonstrate a cool head under pressure, even when facing the nightmares of her childhood. Reflecting her war record (having been wounded several times in combat, receiving repeated citations for achievement in battle as well as the continued respect of her peers and superiors), 1st Lt. Vansen was promoted to Captain in late 2063. She was close friends with all of her squadron, subconsciously slipping into the 'big sister' role that she had been denied as she and her sisters had drifted apart in the aftermath of their parents' deaths.
- Morgan Weisser — 1st Lt. Nathan West (USMC), callsign "King of Hearts", his Hammerhead is named "Above and Beyond". Arguably the heart of the 58th Squadron, Nathan West had never intended to become a U.S. Marine. His choice of career and by definition, lifestyle had been in the Tellus Colony program. He and his girlfriend, Kylen Celina, had worked long and hard to be selected for the program, with the kind of strong moral conviction of the truly adventurous. They had also been long-standing advocates of In Vitro rights. On the eve of their mission to Tellus, they were advised that one of them was being summarily replaced by an In Vitro, a political decision that had ironically robbed them of their dream of going to the stars together. Although Nathan tried to stowaway on the mission, he was unsuccessful. Kylen stayed on, handing a photo of them together, with a recorded message of "I believe in you" to Nathan. Having been advised that a USMC sentry might be stationed at Tellus, he joined the Marine Corps, and he was halfway through training when the news arrived that the Vesta & Tellus colonies had been preemptively attacked by the extraterrestrial species that came to be known as the "Chigs". After undergoing Accelerated Training, he and the rest of the nascent 58th Squadron participated in the "Battle of the Belt"; the Earth forces' first victory against the enemy. 1st Lt. West was credited with six confirmed kills in this space battle. Along with the other members of his Squadron, he was awarded a prestigious medal for this decisive victory.
- racist who had tried to hang him. The judge ordered him to serve in the U.S. Marines, where he found the only people he ever cared about: The Wild Cards. He bonded especially with his fellow soldier Mike "Pags" Pagodin, who was KIA in the early stages of the conflict with the Chigs, and Lt. Col. "T.C." McQueen, who became a father figureto him.
- sense of humor, his attachment to the Chicago Cubs and Wrigley Field, and his budding romance with Lt. Stroud (played by Melissa Bowen, who later married Joel de la Fuente in real-life).
- Caltech with a degree in nuclear physics. She functions as the squad's technical expert. She is in a relationship with a previously married man, who is later revealed to have left her for her best friend. She is close to Paul Wang, with whom she becomes romantically involved towards the end of the series.
- decimatedduring the first contact with the Chigs, leaving McQueen as the sole survivor. He is a veteran of the AI wars, during which he was captured and tortured. McQueen is divorced from his wife due to his inability to procreate naturally. McQueen has a strong bond with Lt. Hawkes, for whom he functions as a father figure.
Recurring
- Tucker Smallwood — Commodore Glen van Ross (USN)
- David Jean Thomas — General Alcott (USMC)
- David St. James — Admiral Broden (USN)
- Amanda Douge — Kylen Celina (Aero-Tech, Tellus colonist)
- Tasia Valenza — 1st Lt. Kelly Anne Winslow (USMC) callsign "Queen of Spades"
- Edmund L. Shaff — "Chaplain" (USN)
- Bill Hunter — Secretary General Spencer Chardwell (UN)
- Robert Crow — Officer Crow (Lt. Pruitt in last episode) (USN)
- Doug Hutchison — Elroy EL (AI)
- Kimberly Patton — Feliciti OH (AI)
- John Lendale Bennett — "Master at Arms" (USN)
- Michael Mantell — Howard Sewell (Aero-Tech, member of the board of directors)
- James Lesure — Lt. Charlie Stone (USMC)
- Melissa Bowen — LTJGStroud (USN)
- Gennie Nevinson, Loren Chase — Anne West
- Angus Grant, Marc Worden — Neil West (Private, USMC)
- Iva Franks-Singer — Sabrine EW (AI)
Guest stars
- Coolio — The Host (in episode "R & R")
- David Duchovny (uncredited[9]) — Alvin El 1543 aka "Handsome Alvin" (Silicate in episode "R & R")
- Dale Dye, Capt., USMC (ret.) — Major Jack Colquitt (USMC) (in episode "Who Monitors the Birds?")
- R. Lee Ermey, GySgt., USMC (ret.) (uncredited) — Sergeant Major Frank Bougus (USMC) (in the pilot episode)
- Adam Goldberg — Sergeant 1st Class Louie Fox, Seventh Cavalry, U.S. Army (in episode "Pearly")
- Steve Rankin — Lieutenant Colonel Raymond Thomas Butts, callsign "Kick Butts" (in episode "Raymond Butts")
- Harriet Sansom Harris — Ambassador Diane Hayden (Secretary General, UN)
- Richard Kind — Colonel Burke (in episode "Level of Necessity")
- Martin Jarvis — Major Cyril MacKendrick (British Army - in episode "Pearly")
- Ronald G. Joseph — General Oliver Ranford (USMC) (in episode "Stardust")
- Gail O'Grady (uncredited) — Colonel Klingman (in episode "Stardust")
- Jennifer Balgobin — Communications Lieutenant Price (USN) (in episode "Sugar Dirt")
Production
While drawing comparisons with
Cinematography and visual effects
The series featured a very dark and
With the increasing affordability of computer systems with performance suitable for 3D
Music
Wong and Morgan were looking for a more traditional musical approach than the
In 2011, La-La Land Records issued a three-disc limited edition featuring Walker's score for the pilot and music from most of the episodes ("The Enemy", "Choice or Chance", "Level of Necessity", "R&R", and "Stardust" do not have any score cues on the album).
Sound Effects
The
Criticism
The actor Joel de la Fuente described his perception of a possibly stereotypical nature of his character Lt. Paul Wang, for which he felt discomfort for the role of "a cowardly soldier who betrayed his comrades":[15]
Whenever I see Asians in military uniform, I cannot help but recall common images of Asians from the Vietnam War and World War II. They were "yellow-bellied cowards" who took the lives of loyal Americans. They were treacherous and crafty, impossible to gauge. Wang could be seen as all of these stereotypes, I thought. Even though this ignores the fact that the Americans they were killing had invaded their country and napalmed their children, but people tend to leave out the important details...
Other media
Space: Above and Beyond was released on
In 2011, Space: Above and Beyond was released on Region 2 PAL DVD in Germany by KSM GmbH.[18]
In April 2012, Space: Above and Beyond was released on Region 2 PAL DVD in the UK by
There were several books and
References
- ^ Bierbaum, Tom (September 25, 1995). "Space: Above and Beyond". Variety. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
- ^ "Top 50 Sci-Fi TV Shows". IGN.com. February 21, 2011.
- The Farthest Man from Home". Space: Above and Beyond.
- ^ Choice or Chance". Space: Above and Beyond.
- And If They Lay Us Down To Rest...". Space: Above and Beyond.
- Pilot". Space: Above and Beyond.
- Pearly". Space: Above and Beyond.
If the Chigs come across the grave, they'll dig it up and mutilate the body. Do you realize they had no concept of a life after death until they heard it from us? My theory is, they believe half of us are living dead – an army of zombies.
- ^ a b From the United States Copyright Office catalog: "Public Catalog – Copyright Catalog (1978 to present) – Basic Search [search: "Space: Above and Beyond"]". United States Copyright Office. Retrieved 2016-08-13.
- ^ "David Duchovny". IMDb.
- ^ O'Neill, Phelim (May 17, 2012). "Your next box set: Space: Above and Beyond". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.
- ^ Haldeman, Joe (1998). "1998 SciFi.com interview". Archived from the original on March 15, 2006. Retrieved March 4, 2006.
- ^ "Space: Above and Beyond's Glen Morgan & James Wong, January 27, 1998 - Interview with Glen Morgan". Millennium - This Is Who We Are.
- ^ "Space Above and Beyond – The Complete Series: Morgan Weisser, Kristen Cloke, Rodney Rowland, Joel de la Fuente, Lanei Chapman, James Morrison, Tucker Smallwood, Robert Crow, Tasia Valenza, Michael Mantell, Ashlyn Gere, Edmund L. Shaff, Glen Morgan, James Wong: Movies & TV". Amazon.com. 8 November 2005. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
- ^ "Deck Shuffled, Wild Cards Dealt," Jeff Bond, liner notes, Space: Above And Beyond soundtrack album, LLLCD 1192
- S2CID 144548170. Archived from the originalon 2012-07-15. Retrieved 2013-10-02. (under the pseudonym "Michael", on p. 744)
- CBS Interactive. Archived from the originalon July 11, 2015. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
- ^ "The Third Edge of the Sword". 3edgesword.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2013-10-02.
- ^ http://ksmfilm.de/news_e.php?block=2011-09 [dead link]
- ^ "Space: Above and Beyond". amazon.com.
- ^ "Fantastic Fiction - Search". www.fantasticfiction.com.
External links
- Space: Above and Beyond at IMDb
- Space: Above and Beyond at TV Guide
- Space: Above and Beyond at Curlie
- space-readyroom.de – web site about S:AAB with multimedia, images, articles and fan fiction since 1997