Spacing Modifier Letters
Spacing Modifier Letters | |
---|---|
Range | U+02B0..U+02FF (80 code points) |
Plane | BMP |
Scripts | Bopomofo (2 char.) Latin (14 char.) Common (64 char.) |
Major alphabets | IPA |
Assigned | 80 code points |
Unused | 0 reserved code points |
Unicode version history | |
1.0.0 (1991) | 57 (+57) |
3.0 (1999) | 63 (+6) |
4.0 (2003) | 80 (+17) |
Unicode documentation | |
Code chart ∣ Web page | |
Note: [1][2] |
Spacing Modifier Letters is a
aspiration and palatalization. The word spacing indicates that these characters occupy their own horizontal space within a line of text. Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was simply Modifier Letters.[3]
Character table
Code | Glyph (with guide) | Decimal | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Latin superscript modifier letters | |||
U+02B0 | ◌ʰ | ʰ | Modifier Letter Small H |
U+02B1 | ◌ʱ | ʱ | Modifier Letter Small H with hook |
U+02B2 | ◌ʲ | ʲ | Modifier Letter Small J |
U+02B3 | ◌ʳ | ʳ | Modifier Letter Small R |
U+02B4 | ◌ʴ | ʴ | Modifier Letter Small Turned R |
U+02B5 | ◌ʵ | ʵ | Modifier Letter Small Turned R with hook |
U+02B6 | ◌ʶ | ʶ | Modifier Letter Small Capital Inverted R |
U+02B7 | ◌ʷ | ʷ | Modifier Letter Small W |
U+02B8 | ◌ʸ | ʸ | Modifier Letter Small Y |
Miscellaneous phonetic modifiers | |||
U+02B9 | ◌ʹ | ʹ | Modifier Letter Prime |
U+02BA | ◌ʺ | ʺ | Modifier Letter Double Prime |
U+02BB | ◌ʻ | ʻ | Modifier Letter Turned Comma |
U+02BC | ◌ʼ | ʼ | Modifier Letter Apostrophe |
U+02BD | ◌ʽ | ʽ | Modifier Letter Reversed Comma |
U+02BE | ◌ʾ | ʾ | Modifier Letter Right Half Ring |
U+02BF | ◌ʿ | ʿ | Modifier Letter Left Half Ring |
U+02C0 | ◌ˀ | ˀ | Modifier Letter Glottal Stop
|
U+02C1 | ◌ˁ | ˁ | Modifier Letter Reversed Glottal Stop
|
U+02C2 | ◌˂ | ˂ | Modifier Letter Left Arrowhead |
U+02C3 | ◌˃ | ˃ | Modifier Letter Right Arrowhead |
U+02C4 | ◌˄ | ˄ | Modifier Letter Up Arrowhead |
U+02C5 | ◌˅ | ˅ | Modifier Letter Down Arrowhead |
U+02C6 | ◌ˆ | ˆ | Modifier Letter Circumflex Accent |
U+02C7 | ◌ˇ | ˇ | Caron |
U+02C8 | ◌ˈ | ˈ | Modifier Letter Vertical Line |
U+02C9 | ◌ˉ | ˉ | Modifier Letter Macron |
U+02CA | ◌ˊ | ˊ | Modifier Letter Acute Accent |
U+02CB | ◌ˋ | ˋ | Modifier Letter Grave Accent |
U+02CC | ◌ˌ | ˌ | Modifier Letter Low Vertical Line |
U+02CD | ◌ˍ | ˍ | Modifier Letter Low Macron |
U+02CE | ◌ˎ | ˎ | Modifier Letter Low Grave Accent |
U+02CF | ◌ˏ | ˏ | Modifier Letter Low Acute Accent |
U+02D0 | ◌ː | ː | Modifier Letter Triangular Colon |
U+02D1 | ◌ˑ | ˑ | Modifier Letter Half Triangular Colon |
U+02D2 | ◌˒ | ˒ | Modifier Letter Centered Right Half Ring |
U+02D3 | ◌˓ | ˓ | Modifier Letter Centered Left Half Ring |
U+02D4 | ◌˔ | ˔ | Modifier Letter Up Tack |
U+02D5 | ◌˕ | ˕ | Modifier Letter Down Tack |
U+02D6 | ◌˖ | ˖ | Modifier Letter Plus Sign |
U+02D7 | ◌˗ | ˗ | Modifier Letter Minus Sign |
Spacing clones of diacritics | |||
U+02D8 | ◌˘ | ˘ | Breve |
U+02D9 | ◌˙ | ˙ | Dot Above |
U+02DA | ◌˚ | ˚ | Ring Above |
U+02DB | ◌˛ | ˛ | Ogonek |
U+02DC | ◌˜ | ˜ | Small Tilde |
U+02DD | ◌˝ | ˝ | Double Acute Accent |
Additions based on 1989 IPA | |||
U+02DE | ◌˞ | ˞ | Modifier Letter Rhotic Hook |
U+02DF | ◌˟ | ˟ | Modifier Letter Cross Accent |
U+02E0 | ◌ˠ | ˠ | Modifier Letter Small Gamma |
U+02E1 | ◌ˡ | ˡ | Modifier Letter Small L |
U+02E2 | ◌ˢ | ˢ | Modifier Letter Small S |
U+02E3 | ◌ˣ | ˣ | Modifier Letter Small X |
U+02E4 | ◌ˤ | ˤ | Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal Stop |
Tone letters | |||
U+02E5 | ◌˥ | ˥ | Modifier Letter Extra-High Tone Bar |
U+02E6 | ◌˦ | ˦ | Modifier Letter High Tone Bar |
U+02E7 | ◌˧ | ˧ | Modifier Letter Mid Tone Bar |
U+02E8 | ◌˨ | ˨ | Modifier Letter Low Tone Bar |
U+02E9 | ◌˩ | ˩ | Modifier Letter Extra-Low Tone Bar |
Extended Bopomofo tone marks | |||
U+02EA | ◌˪ | ˪ | Extended Bopomofo Yin Departing (for Minnan and Hakka languages) |
U+02EB | ◌˫ | ˫ | Extended Bopomofo Yang Departing (for Minnan and Hakka languages) |
IPA modifiers | |||
U+02EC | ◌ˬ | ˬ | Modifier Letter Voicing |
U+02ED | ◌˭ | ˭ | Modifier Letter Unaspirated |
Other modifier letter | |||
U+02EE | ◌ˮ | ˮ | Modifier Letter Double Apostrophe |
UPA modifiers | |||
U+02EF | ◌˯ | ˯ | Modifier Letter Low Down Arrowhead |
U+02F0 | ◌˰ | ˰ | Modifier Letter Low Up Arrowhead |
U+02F1 | ◌˱ | ˱ | Modifier Letter Low Left Arrowhead |
U+02F2 | ◌˲ | ˲ | Modifier Letter Low Right Arrowhead |
U+02F3 | ◌˳ | ˳ | Modifier Letter Low Ring |
U+02F4 | ◌˴ | ˴ | Modifier Letter Middle Grave Accent |
U+02F5 | ◌˵ | ˵ | Modifier Letter Middle Double Grave Accent |
U+02F6 | ◌˶ | ˶ | Modifier Letter Middle Double Acute Accent |
U+02F7 | ◌˷ | ˷ | Modifier Letter Low Tilde |
U+02F8 | ◌˸ | ˸ | Modifier Letter Raised Colon |
U+02F9 | ◌˹ | ˹ | Modifier Letter Begin High Tone |
U+02FA | ◌˺ | ˺ | Modifier Letter End High Tone |
U+02FB | ◌˻ | ˻ | Modifier Letter Begin Low Tone |
U+02FC | ◌˼ | ˼ | Modifier Letter End Low Tone |
U+02FD | ◌˽ | ˽ | Modifier Letter Shelf |
U+02FE | ◌˾ | ˾ | Modifier Letter Open Shelf |
U+02FF | ◌˿ | ˿ | Modifier Letter Low Left Arrow |
Code | Glyph | Decimal | Description |
Compact table
Spacing Modifier Letters[1] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
U+02Bx | ʰ
|
ʱ
|
ʲ
|
ʳ
|
ʴ
|
ʵ
|
ʶ
|
ʷ
|
ʸ
|
ʹ
|
ʺ
|
ʻ
|
ʼ
|
ʽ
|
ʾ
|
ʿ
|
U+02Cx | ˀ
|
ˁ
|
˂
|
˃
|
˄
|
˅
|
ˆ
|
ˇ
|
ˈ
|
ˉ
|
ˊ
|
ˋ
|
ˌ
|
ˍ
|
ˎ | ˏ |
U+02Dx | ː
|
ˑ
|
˒ | ˓ | ˔
|
˕
|
˖
|
˗
|
˘
|
˙
|
˚
|
˛
|
˜
|
˝
|
˞
|
˟ |
U+02Ex | ˠ
|
ˡ
|
ˢ
|
ˣ
|
ˤ
|
˥
|
˦
|
˧
|
˨
|
˩
|
˪
|
˫
|
ˬ
|
˭
|
ˮ
|
˯
|
U+02Fx | ˰
|
˱
|
˲
|
˳
|
˴
|
˵
|
˶
|
˷
|
˸
|
˹
|
˺
|
˻
|
˼
|
˽
|
˾
|
˿
|
Notes
|
History
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Spacing Modifier Letters block:
Version | Final code points[a] | Count | UTC ID | L2 ID | WG2 ID | Document |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.0.0 | U+02B0..02DD | 46 | (to be determined) | |||
UTC/1999-017 | Davis, Mark (1999-06-02), Data cross-checks (for Agenda) | |||||
L2/99-176R | Moore, Lisa (1999-11-04), "Data Cross-Checks", Minutes from the joint UTC/L2 meeting in Seattle, June 8-10, 1999 | |||||
L2/99-246 | N2043 | Everson, Michael (1999-07-24), On the apostrophe and quotation mark, with a note on Egyptian transliteration characters | ||||
L2/06-373 | Proposal for additional character, 2006-11-04 | |||||
L2/06-398 | Pandey, Anshuman (2006-12-15), Comments on L2/06-373 (addition of 'apostrophe' to Devanagari) | |||||
L2/07-272 | Muller, Eric (2007-08-10), "9", Report of the South Asia subcommittee | |||||
L2/07-225 | Moore, Lisa (2007-08-21), "Devanagari", UTC #112 Minutes | |||||
L2/08-197 | Representation of Bodo, Dogri and Maithili languages in Unicode Standard, 2008-05-06 | |||||
L2/08-210 | Lata, Swaran (2008-05-07), Usage examples for Bodo, Dogri, Maithili tone marker | |||||
L2/12-065 | N4281 | Pentzlin, Karl (2012-02-05), Proposal for additional annotations for some modifier letters used for transliteration of Hebrew | ||||
U+02DE, 02E0..02E9 | 11 | UTC/1991-048B | Whistler, Ken (1991-03-27), "IPA additions", Draft Minutes from the UTC meeting #46 day 2, 3/27 at Apple | |||
L2/00-421 | N2307 | Whistler, Ken (2000-11-27), Response to Japanese Query re IPA tone letters | ||||
L2/01-025 | N2312 | Constable, Peter (2001-01-08), Presentation of tone contours encoded as UCS tone letter sequences | ||||
3.0 | U+02DF | 1 | L2/98-261 | N1812 (pdf, html) | Ellert, Mattias (1998-05-21), Proposal to encode CROSS ACCENT in ISO/IEC 10646 | |
L2/98-372 | N1884R2 (pdf, doc) | Whistler, Ken; et al. (1998-09-22), Additional Characters for the UCS | ||||
L2/98-329 | N1920 | Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 30, AMENDMENT 30: Additional Latin and other characters, 1998-10-28 | ||||
L2/99-010 | N1903 (pdf, html, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1998-12-30), "8.2.5", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25 | ||||
U+02EA..02EB | 2 | L2/98-090 | N1713R | Proposal to add 24 extended Bopomofo and 2 modifier letters for Minnan and Hakka, 1998-03-19 | ||
L2/98-158 | Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold (1998-05-26), "Bopomofo Extensions", Draft Minutes - UTC #76 & NCITS Subgroup L2 #173 joint meeting, Tredyffrin, Pennsylvania, April 20-22, 1998 | |||||
L2/98-286 | N1703 | Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1998-07-02), "8.25", Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting #34, Redmond, WA, USA; 1998-03-16--20 | ||||
L2/98-321 | N1905 | Revised text of 10646-1/FPDAM 23, AMENDMENT 23: Bopomofo Extended and other characters, 1998-10-22 | ||||
U+02EC..02ED | 2 | L2/98-299 | N1845 | Everson, Michael (1998-09-08), Additional IPA "disturbed speech" characters for the UCS | ||
L2/98-372 | N1884R2 (pdf, doc) | Whistler, Ken; et al. (1998-09-22), Additional Characters for the UCS | ||||
L2/98-329 | N1920 | Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 30, AMENDMENT 30: Additional Latin and other characters, 1998-10-28 | ||||
L2/06-231 | Moore, Lisa (2006-08-17), "Consensus 108-C3", UTC #108 Minutes, Change the general category of U+02EC MODIFIER LETTER VOICING from "Sk" to "Lm". | |||||
U+02EE | 1 | L2/98-295 | N1817 | Everson, Michael (1997-08-10), Proposal to add the letter MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE APOSTROPHE in the BMP | ||
L2/98-372 | N1884R2 (pdf, doc) | Whistler, Ken; et al. (1998-09-22), Additional Characters for the UCS | ||||
L2/98-329 | N1920 | Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 30, AMENDMENT 30: Additional Latin and other characters, 1998-10-28 | ||||
L2/99-010 | N1903 (pdf, html, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1998-12-30), "8.2.2", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25 | ||||
4.0 | U+02EF..02FF | 17 | L2/02-141 | N2419 | Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20), Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS | |
L2/02-192 | Everson, Michael (2002-05-02), Everson's Reply on UPA | |||||
N2442 | Everson, Michael; Kolehmainen, Erkki I.; Ruppel, Klaas; Trosterud, Trond (2002-05-21), Justification for placing the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet in the BMP | |||||
L2/02-291 | Whistler, Ken (2002-05-31), WG2 report from Dublin | |||||
L2/02-292 | Whistler, Ken (2002-06-03), Early look at WG2 consent docket | |||||
L2/02-166R2 | Moore, Lisa (2002-08-09), "Scripts and New Characters - UPA", UTC #91 Minutes | |||||
L2/02-253 | Moore, Lisa (2002-10-21), "Consensus 92-C2", UTC #92 Minutes | |||||
|
See also
References
- ^ "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ^ "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ^ "3.8: Block-by-Block Charts" (PDF). The Unicode Standard. version 1.0. Unicode Consortium.