Spartocid dynasty
Spartocid dynasty | |
---|---|
Country | King of the Cimmerians |
Estate(s) | Ancient Crimea, Thrace |
The Spartocids (
Spartokos's descendants would continue to rule the Bosporus until 108 BC, in which it was briefly conquered by the invading
History
The Spartocids are thought to be of
Leukon would also engage in wars against the
The Spartocid rulers seem have jointly ruled with their sons and brothers. Leukon's sons, Spartokos II and Paerisades I, jointly ruled until Spartokos's death five years into his reign. This can also be seen with Paerisades's own children, Satyros II and Gorgippis II, both of whom co-ruled their father. This same pattern can be seen decades later, with Spartokos IV and Leukon II reign's.
Wars of expansion
The Spartocids were the leading figures of the
Further expansion
Civil war
The Spartocids would engage in a civil war among each other in about 309 BC, after the death of Paerisades I.
Decline
The Bosporan Kingdom entered into a decline due to numerous attacks from nomadic Scythian tribes in the subsequent centuries leading up to its fall. The last Spartocid rulers,
Spartocid rulers
King | Reign (BC) | Consort(s) | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Spartokos I |
438-433 BC | Usurped former Greek dynasts | |
Satyros I |
433-389 BC | Co-ruled with his father until his father's death. | |
Seleukos | 433-393 BC | Possible brother of Satyros I and co-ruled with him until his death. | |
Leukon I |
389-349 BC | Theodosia | Theodosia may have been daughter of the powerful Bosporan diplomat Sopaios. |
Gorgippos I | 389-349 BC | Co-ruler with Leukon, ruled from the Asiatic capital, Gorgippia . He was the father of Komosarye.
| |
Spartokos II | 349-342 | Son of Leukon, Co-ruled with his brother Paerisades I up until his death. | |
Paerisades I | 349-310 BC | Komosarye | Son of Leukon, Co-ruled for 7 years with his brother Spartokos, then ruled alone until his death in 309 BC. Komosarye was his cousin. |
Satyros II |
310 BC | Eldest son of Paerisades, ruled for only 9 months. | |
Prytanis | 310-309 | Son of Paerisades, ruled for a brief period of time. | |
Eumelos | 309-304 BC | Son of Paerisades, Expanded dominions and was a rival of Lysimachus. | |
Spartokos III |
304-284 BC | Son of Eumelos, was recognized by Athens as a "king" of the Bosporan. | |
Paerisades II | circa. 284-245 BC | Son of Spartokos III | |
Spartokos IV |
circa. 245-240 BC | Son of Paerisades II | |
Leukon II |
circa. 240-220 BC | Alkathoe | Son of Spartokos IV |
Hygiainon |
circa. 220-200 BC | Spartocid supporter, was Archon until Kamasarye married her cousin Paerisades III | |
Spartokos V | circa. 200-180 BC | Son of Leukon II | |
Paerisades III | 180-150 BC | Kamasarye Philoteknos |
Perhaps son of Spartokos IV |
Kamasarye Philoteknos |
circa.180-150 BC | Paerisades III Argotas |
Daughter of Spartokos V |
Paerisades IV Philometor | circa. 150-125 BC | Eldest son of Paerisades III and Kamasarye. | |
Paerisades V | 125-108 BC | Son of Paerisades III and Argotes. Last Spartocid king of the Bosporan Kingdom. |
Genealogy
The following genealogy is based upon Ferdinand Justi, Iranisches Namenbuch, (Marburg, Berlin, 1884), (Heidelsheim, 1963), p. 400:
References
- JSTOR 23037564.
It seems likely to connect that Spartokos was connected by birth to the Odrysian dynasty.
- ISBN 9781317892212.
Later they were replaced by the Spartocids.
- ^ Britannica.
Spartocid dynasty (438–110 bc)
- JSTOR 23037564.
It seems likely to connect that Spartokos was connected by birth to the Odrysian dynasty.
- ^ Aeschines. Against Ctesiphon 22.23.
here was a certain Gylon of Cerameis. This man betrayed Nymphaeum in the Pontus to the enemy, for the place at that time belonged to our city."
- ^ Brill Reference. October 2006.
and was officially named after the Spartocid Gorgippus after its integration into the Bosporus Kingdom.
- ^ Polyaenus. Strategems. pp. V.2.
Satyrus died in the midst of an unsuccessful war
- ^ Polyaenus. Strategems. pp. V.2.
Tirgatao ordered the hostage to be executed
- ^ Tokhtasev, S.R. Bosporus and the Sindike In the era of Leukon I.
which ended in his being routed by Leukon's army and to Oktamasades later being ousted ("driven out") from the confines of Sindike
- JSTOR 23037564.
when the joining of the two nations had been symbolized in the marriage of Comosarye and Paerisades, he took the title "king of Sindi"
- ^ Diodorus Siculus. Book 22.23.
after the death of Parysades, who was king of the Cimmerian Bosporus, his sons Eumelus, Satyrus, and Prytanis...
- ^ Diodorus Siculus. Book 22.23.
Satyrus, since he was the eldest, had received the government from his father
- ^ Polyaenus. Strategems.
Satyrus is killed while attacking Aripharnes, king of the Siraces
- ^ Diodorus Siculus. Book 22.24.
- ^ Diodorus Siculus. Book 22.24.
and he cleared the sea of pirates, with the result that, not only throughout his own kingdom but even throughout almost all the inhabited world
- ^ Deligiannis, Periklis. The Battle of the River Thatis. Archived from the original on 2016-11-10. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
thereby creating a powerful Hellenistic kingdom which could confront the powerful State of Lysimachus, the famous general of Alexander the Great
- ^ Rostovzeff. 1998, vol. I, p. 216 22.23.
Soon after the liberation of the athenian trade from Demetrius of Macedonia, Spartocus III hastened to renew his relations with Athens and to contract with her 289/8 BC a regular συμμαχία, indicating the importance of the business relations between them.
- ^ Apollonius to Zenon. Select Papyri, 1.90A.
the other conveyances for the journey, and the luggage-mules for the ambassadors from Paerisades and the theoroi from Argos whom the king has sent to see the sights of the Arsinoite nome. Take care they are not late for when they are needed, for when I wrote this letter to you, they had already sailed up-river. Farewell.
- ^ Rostovzeff. Rostovzeff, 1998, vol. I, p. 232.
250 BC Paerisades appears at Delos as the donor of a φιάλη together with Antigonus Gonatas of Macedonia and Stratonice
Further reading
- Гайдукевич В.Ф. Боспорское царство. М.—Л., 1949 (лит.).
- Полная библиография работ П.О. Карышковского на русском и английском языках на сайте Фридман А.С