Alexander Bustamante: Difference between revisions

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Bustamante was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in 1955 for his public services in Jamaica.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=40497|supp=y|page=3258|date=3 June 1955}}</ref> He was awarded an honorary [[Doctor of Laws|LLD]] degree from the [[Fairfield University]] in 1963.<ref>[https://www.fairfield.edu/about-fairfield/university-profile/honorary-degress/ Honorary Degrees] – website of the [[Fairfield University]]</ref> In 1964, he was made a member of the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom]] (PC).<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=43200|supp=y|page=1|date=31 December 1963}}</ref> In 1966, an honorary [[Doctor of Laws|LLD]] degree was conferred on him by the [[University of the West Indies]].<ref>[https://www.uwi.edu/alumnionline/alumni-central/points-pride/honorary-graduates?page=16 Honorary Graduates] – website of the [[University of the West Indies|UWI]]</ref> In the same year, he was also awarded the [[Order of Brilliant Star|Special Grand Cordon of the Order of Brilliant Star]] by the [[Republic of China]].<ref name="NLJ">[http://nlj.gov.jm/biographies/rt-hon-sir-alexander-bustamante-1884-1977/ The Rt. Hon. Sir Alexander Bustamante (1884 - 1977)] – website of the National Library of Jamaica</ref> On 9 June 1967, Bustamante was appointed a [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire]] (GBE).<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=44341|supp=y|page=6571|date=9 June 1967}}</ref>
Bustamante was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in 1955 for his public services in Jamaica.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=40497|supp=y|page=3258|date=3 June 1955}}</ref> He was awarded an honorary [[Doctor of Laws|LLD]] degree from the [[Fairfield University]] in 1963.<ref>[https://www.fairfield.edu/about-fairfield/university-profile/honorary-degress/ Honorary Degrees] – website of the [[Fairfield University]]</ref> In 1964, he was made a member of the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom]] (PC).<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=43200|supp=y|page=1|date=31 December 1963}}</ref> In 1966, an honorary [[Doctor of Laws|LLD]] degree was conferred on him by the [[University of the West Indies]].<ref>[https://www.uwi.edu/alumnionline/alumni-central/points-pride/honorary-graduates?page=16 Honorary Graduates] – website of the [[University of the West Indies|UWI]]</ref> In the same year, he was also awarded the [[Order of Brilliant Star|Special Grand Cordon of the Order of Brilliant Star]] by the [[Republic of China]].<ref name="NLJ">[http://nlj.gov.jm/biographies/rt-hon-sir-alexander-bustamante-1884-1977/ The Rt. Hon. Sir Alexander Bustamante (1884 - 1977)] – website of the National Library of Jamaica</ref> On 9 June 1967, Bustamante was appointed a [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire]] (GBE).<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=44341|supp=y|page=6571|date=9 June 1967}}</ref>


In 1969, Bustamante became a [[Order of National Hero (Jamaica)|Member of the Order of National Hero]] (ONH) in recognition of his achievements,<ref name="NLJ" /> this along with Norman Manley, the black liberationist [[Marcus Garvey]], and two leaders of the 1865 [[Morant Bay rebellion]], [[Paul Bogle]] and [[George William Gordon]].<ref>[http://www.jamaicans.com/articles/primecomments/jamaicanationalheroestheirlegacy50years~print.shtml "Jamaica's National Heroes: Their Legacy 50 Years Later"], Jamaicans.com.</ref><ref>[http://islandbuzzjamaica.com/2011/10/17/heritage-jamaicas-national-heroes/ "Heritage: Jamaica's National Heroes"], Island Buzz Jamaica, 17 October 2011.</ref> His portrait graces the $1 [[Jamaican dollar]] coin.
In 1969, Bustamante became a [[Order of National Hero (Jamaica)|Member of the Order of National Hero]] (ONH) in recognition of his achievements,<ref name="NLJ" /> this along with Norman Manley, the black liberationist [[Marcus Garvey]], and two leaders of the 1865 [[Morant Bay rebellion]], [[Paul Bogle]] and [[George William Gordon]].<ref>[http://www.jamaicans.com/articles/primecomments/jamaicanationalheroestheirlegacy50years~print.shtml "Jamaica's National Heroes: Their Legacy 50 Years Later"], Jamaicans.com.</ref><ref>[http://islandbuzzjamaica.com/2011/10/17/heritage-jamaicas-national-heroes/ "Heritage: Jamaica's National Heroes"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326215708/http://islandbuzzjamaica.com/2011/10/17/heritage-jamaicas-national-heroes/ |date=26 March 2015 }}, Island Buzz Jamaica, 17 October 2011.</ref> His portrait graces the $1 [[Jamaican dollar]] coin.


Bustamante died in 1977 and was buried in the [[National Heroes Park]] in Kingston.<ref name=jo2>{{cite news|first= |last= |title=August 8th funeral for Lady B |url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20090730T010000-0500_156418_OBS_AUG___OFFICIAL_FUNERAL_FOR_LADY_B_.asp |work=[[Jamaica Observer]] |publisher= |date=30 July 2009 |accessdate=2009-08-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802144926/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20090730T010000-0500_156418_OBS_AUG___OFFICIAL_FUNERAL_FOR_LADY_B_.asp |archivedate=2 August 2009 }}</ref>
Bustamante died in 1977 and was buried in the [[National Heroes Park]] in Kingston.<ref name=jo2>{{cite news|first= |last= |title=August 8th funeral for Lady B |url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20090730T010000-0500_156418_OBS_AUG___OFFICIAL_FUNERAL_FOR_LADY_B_.asp |work=[[Jamaica Observer]] |publisher= |date=30 July 2009 |accessdate=2009-08-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802144926/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20090730T010000-0500_156418_OBS_AUG___OFFICIAL_FUNERAL_FOR_LADY_B_.asp |archivedate=2 August 2009 }}</ref>

Revision as of 00:14, 11 December 2017

Chief Minister of Jamaica
In office
5 May 1953 – 2 February 1955
MonarchElizabeth II
GovernorSir Hugh Foot
Succeeded byNorman Manley
Personal details
Born
William Alexander Clarke

(1884-02-24)24 February 1884
Hanover, Jamaica
Died6 August 1977(1977-08-06) (aged 93)
Irish Town, Jamaica
Political partyJamaica Labour Party
SpouseGladys Longbridge (1962–1977; his death)

Sir William Alexander Clarke Bustamante

National Hero of Jamaica
in recognition of his achievements.

Early life and education

He was born as Alexander Clarke to Mary (née Wilson), a woman of

Hanover, Jamaica.[1] He said that he took the surname Bustamante to honour a Spanish sea captain who befriended him in his youth.[2]

Bustamente travelled the world and worked in many different places. His occupations included working as a policeman in Cuba and as a dietician in a New York City hospital. At the age of 48, he returned to Jamaica in 1932.

Entry into politics

He became a leader in

Allan G.S. Coombs. During the 1938 labour rebellion, he quickly became identified as the spokesman for striking workers, who were mostly of African and mixed-race descent. Coombs' JWU became the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union (BITU) after the revolt, and Bustamante became known as "The Chief".[citation needed
]

In 1940, he was imprisoned on charges of subversive activities. The widespread anti-colonial activism finally resulted in Parliament's granting universal suffrage in 1944 to residents in Jamaica.

Released from

Chief Minister was created in 1953. He held this position until the JLP was defeated in 1954. In 1947 and 1948, he was elected as mayor of Kingston. In 1952 he was arrested by the American authorities while he was on official business in Puerto Rico.[3]

Though initially a supporter of the

referendum
on the issue in 1961. Jamaicans voted for the nation's withdrawal from the Federation.

After Jamaica was granted independence in 1962, Bustamante served as the first Prime Minister until 1967. In 1965, after suffering a stroke, he withdrew from active participation in public life. The true power was held by his deputy, Donald Sangster.[4]

Marriage and family

Bustamante married Gladys Longbridge on 7 September 1962. She had worked as his personal secretary since 1936, and was effectively a partner in the trade union and political movement.

Legacy and honours

Bustamante was

Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE).[10]

In 1969, Bustamante became a

Member of the Order of National Hero (ONH) in recognition of his achievements,[9] this along with Norman Manley, the black liberationist Marcus Garvey, and two leaders of the 1865 Morant Bay rebellion, Paul Bogle and George William Gordon.[11][12] His portrait graces the $1 Jamaican dollar
coin.

Bustamante died in 1977 and was buried in the National Heroes Park in Kingston.[13]

Bustamante backbone

A Jamaican candy, the Bustamante backbone, is named for him.[14] It is a hard, grated coconut and sugar confection "which is said to represent his firmness of character." Bustamante was considered a "buster", "a champion of the common man and tough article."[15] Gizzada is a similar sweet.

References

  1. ^ "Bustamente's Rise to Prominence", Jamaica , 2 February 2006 Archived 26 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Gould, Peter (8 April 2005). "Biography". BBC News.
  3. ISBN 978-0-09-195410-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help
    )
  4. ^ Harris M. Lentz (ed.), "Jamaica: Heads of Government", Heads of States and Governments Since 1945, Routledge, 2013, p. 450.
  5. ^ "No. 40497". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 June 1955. p. 3258.
  6. ^ Honorary Degrees – website of the Fairfield University
  7. ^ "No. 43200". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1963. p. 1.
  8. ^ Honorary Graduates – website of the UWI
  9. ^ a b The Rt. Hon. Sir Alexander Bustamante (1884 - 1977) – website of the National Library of Jamaica
  10. ^ "No. 44341". The London Gazette (Supplement). 9 June 1967. p. 6571.
  11. ^ "Jamaica's National Heroes: Their Legacy 50 Years Later", Jamaicans.com.
  12. ^ "Heritage: Jamaica's National Heroes" Archived 26 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Island Buzz Jamaica, 17 October 2011.
  13. ^ "August 8th funeral for Lady B". Jamaica Observer. 30 July 2009. Archived from the original on 2 August 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Rebecca Tortello "Sweet & dandy - The history of Jamaican sweets" Archived 22 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine, The Gleaner (Jamaica), 7 February 2009
  15. ^ Frederic Gomes Cassidy, Robert Brock Le Page. Dictionary of Jamaican English

External links

Government offices
Preceded by
None (New Position) or
Governors of Jamaica
 Chief Minister of Jamaica
1953-1955 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Jamaica
1962-1967 		Succeeded by
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