Spinal lock

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Spinal lock
Joint-lock
StyleGrappling
AKANeck crank

In combat sports, a spinal lock is a multiple

jiu-jitsu,[4] judo,[5] and other martial arts.[6] However, professional MMA and some Brazilian jiu-jitsu competitions[7]
do permit spinal locks and, particularly, neck cranks, and such moves are trained in various MMA and Brazilian jiu-jitsu schools.

Spinal locks can be separated into two categories based on their primary area of effect on the spinal column: spinal locks on the neck are called neck cranks, and locks on the lower parts of the spine are called spine cranks.

Neck crank

Neck crank techniques from the supine position

A neck crank (sometimes also referred to as a neck lock, and technically known as a cervical lock) is a spinal lock applied to the cervical spine causing hyperextension, hyperflexion, lateral hyperflexion, hyperrotation or extension-distraction. This happens through bending, twisting or elongating. A neck crank is typically applied by pulling or twisting the head beyond its normal ranges of rotation. Neck cranks are usually banned from sports competitions, with notable exceptions in combat sports such as submission wrestling and MMA, where they are used as submission holds or as a guard passing technique.

Can opener

The can opener (in Judo referred to as kubi-hishigi) is a hyperflexing neck crank that can be applied from the opponent's

submit
.

This may also refer to a type of neck compression employed from a rear mount position in which the back of the thumbs are used to drive into the neck starting from the high trapezius muscle toward the sternocleidomastoid muscles, causing severe discomfort and even submission. As of 2006, this is permitted in shiai (competition) as long as the combatant's thumbs remain straight and not bent. Its most common uses are to open up an opponent's chin for shime-waza or as a diversionary tactic.

Cattle catch

The cattle catch (also referred to as reverse crucifix, iron cross or stocks) is a hyperflexing neck crank involving trapping the opponent's hands and forcing the head towards his or her chest. The technique is performed with the opponent lying on his or her back, and the combatant performing the neck crank perpendicularly face-down in a side mount position above the head of the opponent, with the opponent's head resting towards his or her armpit. The combatant traps one arm using the legs, and the other using the arms. By using the pinned arms and legs as a point of leverage, the combatant can forcefully crank the head towards the opponent's chest.

Crucifix neck crank

The crucifix neck crank is similar to the cattle catch, but involves the combatant performing the neck crank being mounted on the opponent. Both of the opponent's arms are controlled, and the opponent's head is held in the armpit. By cranking the body upwards while keeping a tight hold on the opponent's arms, the opponent's head is forced towards his or her chest.

Both the cattle catch and the crucifix neck crank are colloquially referred to simply as the crucifix, which often leads to confusion with the traditional crucifix position.

Twister

The twister (a similar move in

Vinny Magalhaes submitted Rodrigo Artilheiro in the quarterfinals using a twister.[12] Angela Lee defeated Natalie Gonzalez Hills by twister at One FC: Pride of Lions.[13]

Standing frontal facelock

Standing neck crank set-up

This technique involves facing the opponent as though leveraging a guillotine, but cross facing the individual and rotating their head laterally, creating an incredibly dangerous hyperflexion of the neck sideways when hips are leveraged and the cross face is pulled up, attempting to apply extreme pressure and damage to the cervical vertebrae.[14]

Spine crank

A spine crank (the term spine lock is also often used to refer exclusively to this type) is a spinal lock that affects the

thoracic and/or lumbar
regions of the spinal column. A spine crank is applied by twisting or bending the upper body beyond its normal ranges of motion, causing hyperextension, hyperflexion, or hyperrotation of the spine. In martial arts, spine cranks are generally rarer techniques than neck cranks because they are more difficult to apply. Twisting or bending the upper body to apply pressure to the spinal column requires large amounts of leverage compared to twisting or bending the head.

One of the most well known spine cranks is the

pro-wrestling. Similarly to neck cranks, spine cranks are illegal techniques in most combat sports, excluding some submission wrestling and mixed martial arts competitions, where they are used as submission holds. Even if allowed, spine cranks are very rarely featured because of the difficulty of applying them. Jonno Mears is the only combatant to have ever won a mixed martial arts bout with a Boston crab, which he achieved in 2017.[15]

See also

References

Main references

Other references

  1. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-09. Retrieved 2015-07-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^ http://www.abcboxing.com/ABC%20Amateur%20MMA%20Unified%20Rules.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  3. ^ "ABC Boxing - Association of Boxing Commissions - United States - Canada - Puerto Rico - US Virgin Islands". Archived from the original on 2014-06-17. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
  4. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-09. Retrieved 2015-07-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-07-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ "Rules for Submission Grappling and Brazilian Jiu Jitsu tournaments".
  7. ^ "Grapplers Quest".
  8. ^ Cunliffe, Joseph. On the road to the 2003 Abu Dhabi Championships with Eddie “The Twister" Bravo. www.onzuka.com. URL last accessed January 7, 2006.
  9. ^ Shunichiro Katsumura vs Hiroyuki Yamashiro Archived 2014-05-02 at the Wayback Machine. Mixed Martial Arts llc. URL last accessed May 1, 2014.
  10. ^ "Shayna Baszler "The Queen of Spades"". Sherdog. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  11. ^ "‘Cro Cop’ Crushes Ishii with Head Kick, Aoki Lands Twister at ‘Inoki Bom-Ba-Ye 2014’", by Chris Nelson, Sherdog.com
  12. ^ "ADCC 2015 results: Burns, Magalhaes advance day 1". 29 August 2015.
  13. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "FULL FIGHT: Angela Lee vs Natalie Hills". YouTube.
  14. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Killer Move - the Wigan Grobbit". YouTube.
  15. ^ "VIDEO | This Fighter Just Pulled off a Boston Crab Submission in MMA". 30 September 2017.


External links