Spiny butterfly ray
Spiny butterfly ray | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Chondrichthyes |
Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
Superorder: | Batoidea |
Order: | Myliobatiformes |
Family: | Gymnuridae |
Genus: | Gymnura |
Species: | G. altavela
|
Binomial name | |
Gymnura altavela | |
Range of the spiny butterfly ray | |
Synonyms | |
Pteroplatea binotata Lunel, 1879 |
The spiny butterfly ray or giant butterfly ray (Gymnura altavela) is a species of
Distribution and habitat
This species has a patchy and discontinuous distribution in Atlantic tropical and warm-temperate waters. In the western Atlantic it is found from
Description
The spiny butterfly ray has a very broad,
The
Biology and ecology
In the western Atlantic, the spiny butterfly ray feeds on
Potential predators of spiny butterfly rays include larger fish such as the
Spiny butterfly rays are
Relationship to humans
Spiny butterfly rays are harmless to humans, though if stepped on its tail spine can cause a painful wound. It is listed as a
Elsewhere in the spiny butterfly ray's range, it faces heavy fishing pressure, including in its coastal nursery areas, and has experienced marked declines. It is assessed as Critically Endangered in the southwest Atlantic, where it is taken by multispecies
References
- ^ doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T63153A3123409.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ Guide of Mediterranean Skates and Rays (Gymnura altavela). Oct. 2022. Mendez L., Bacquet A. and F. Briand. http://www.ciesm.org/Guide/skatesandrays/Gymnura-altavela
- ^ a b c d e f Conrath, C. and Scarbrough, R. Biological Profiles: Spiny Butterfly Ray. Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department. Retrieved on March 4, 2009.
- ^ a b Capapé, C.; Zaouali, J.; Tomasini, J.A. & Bouchereau, J.L. "Reproductive biology of the spiny butterfly ray, Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pisces: Gymnuridae) from off the Tunisian coasts". Scientia Marina. 56 (4): 347–355.
- ^ ISBN 0-292-75206-7.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2009). "Gymnura altavela" in FishBase. March 2009 version.
- ^ .
- ^ JSTOR 1440209.
- S2CID 22332630.
- PMID 12641203.
- S2CID 2977359.
- ^ Murch, A. Information about the Spiny Butterfly Ray. Elasmodiver.com. Retrieved on March 4, 2009.