Spiny lobster

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Rock lobster" redirects here. For the B-52's song, see Rock Lobster. For other uses, see Rock Lobster (disambiguation).

Spiny lobsters
Temporal range: 110–0 
Ma
Panulirus interruptus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Suborder: Pleocyemata
Infraorder: Achelata
Family: Palinuridae
Latreille, 1802

Spiny lobsters, also known as langustas, langouste, or rock lobsters, are a family (Palinuridae) of about 60 species of achelate crustaceans, in the Decapoda Reptantia. Spiny lobsters are also, especially in Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, and the Bahamas, called crayfish, sea crayfish, or crawfish ("kreef" in South Africa), terms which elsewhere are reserved for freshwater crayfish.[1]

Classification

The

Æneid
.

In total, 12 extant genera are recognised, containing around 60 living species:[4][5]

Description

Jasus edwardsii

Although they superficially resemble true lobsters in terms of overall shape and having a hard carapace and exoskeleton, the two groups are not closely related. Spiny lobsters can be easily distinguished from true lobsters by their very long, thick, spiny antennae, by the lack of chelae (claws) on the first four pairs of walking legs, although the females of most species have a small claw on the fifth pair,[6] and by a particularly specialized larval phase called phyllosoma. True lobsters have much smaller antennae and claws on the first three pairs of legs, with the first being particularly enlarged.

Spiny lobsters typically have a slightly compressed carapace, lacking any lateral ridges. Their antennae lack a scaphocerite, the flattened exopod of the antenna. This is fused to the epistome (a plate between the labrum and the basis of the antenna). The flagellum, at the top of the antenna, is stout, tapering, and very long. The ambulatory legs (pereopods) end in claws (chelae).[7]

Size

The size of the adults varies from a few centimetres to 30–40 cm. In general, it is said that rarely some individuals can reach 60 cm (Panulirus argus).

Nevertheless, some reports – the authenticity of which can be questioned – are of much larger lobsters. One such source is Bernard Gorsky's travel book La derniére ile.[8] In this, the author lists the following statements:

  • According to a 1956 article from the New Caledonian daily newspaper La France Australe (published in Nyoma): "Since yesterday, a so-called porcelain spiny lobster, stuffed, can be seen in the window of Balande. Its length is 2 m, (including its antennae) and it weighed 11 kg.[9]
  • Inhabitants of a small island in the Coral Sea caught a 2 m 10 cm, 17 kg porcelain spiny lobster, according to an Australian publication.[10]
  • Gorsky himself caught 6–7 kg lobsters with local tribesmen on the Loyalty Islands group's Mouli island and mentioned them in the article in La France Australe. However, according to the locals, even bigger crabs can live there. According to the residents, a man from the Leikigne tribe (they live nearby on the other side of the Fayawa Strait) reported the following: he once went fishing with a friend and the friend drowned. He did not come to the surface, he followed him into the depths. Two legs protruded from a hollow, and in the hollow sat a huge crayfish, and it was eating the fisherman. The crawfish was said to be as thick as the trunk of a full-grown palm tree.[11] (At the time, the locals (the people of Leikigne) gave credence to the report and believed that the victim could not have drowned because he swam "like a dolphin" – but a shark would not have killed him either, because there are usually no sharks in the lagoon there. According to them, only a lobster could be really responsible.) Since one of Gorsky's narrators ("Guy") was 20 years old[12] at the time of the story (1965), and the incident occurred when he was 12,[13] the story must have been around 1957 if true.
  • A study was conducted regarding the effect of growth and survival when you change the frequency of feeding the Spiny Lobster and it was determined that if there is increased feed frequency from one to sixteen feeds daily then that is where growth and feed attraction are at the peak of their performance. If the lobsters are fed too much though, more than 16 feeds a day causes decreased feed intake and reduction in overall growth. It was also determined that the rapid leaching of feed suggests that there is a beneficial effect of feeding multiple frequencies on growth and intake.[14]

Fossil record

The

fossil record of spiny lobsters has been extended by the discovery in 1995 of a 110-million-year-old fossil near El Espiñal in Chiapas, Mexico. Workers from the National Autonomous University of Mexico have named the fossil Palinurus palaecosi, and report that it is closest to members of the genus Palinurus currently living off the coasts of Africa.[15]

Ecology

Fishing for Panulirus argus in Venezuela

Spiny lobsters are found in almost all warm seas, including the Caribbean and the Mediterranean Sea, but are particularly common in Australasia, where they are referred to commonly as crayfish or sea crayfish (Jasus edwardsii),[16] and in South Africa (Jasus lalandii).

Spiny lobsters tend to live in crevices of rocks and

predators may be deterred from eating spiny lobsters by a loud screech made by the antennae of the spiny lobsters rubbing against a smooth part of the exoskeleton.[20] Spiny lobsters usually exhibit the social habit of being together. However recent studies indicate that healthy lobsters move away from infected ones, leaving the diseased lobsters to fend for themselves.[21]

Like true lobsters, spiny lobsters are edible and are an economically significant food source; they are the biggest food export of the

Bahamas, for instance.[22]

Sound

Many spiny lobsters produce

Palinurellus),[25] and its form can distinguish different species.[26]

See also

References

  1. JSTOR 20102626
    .
  2. ^
    PMID 18957325. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2011-10-08.
  3. ISBN 978-0-85238-264-6
    .
  4. ^ Shane T. Ahyong; James K. Lowry; Miguel Alonso; et al. (2011). "Subphylum Crustacea Brünnich, 1772" (PDF). In Z.-Q. Zhang (ed.). Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Vol. 3148. pp. 165–191. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-01-24. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  5. ^ Michael Türkay (2011). "Palinuridae". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  6. ISBN 92-5-103027-8. Archived from the original
    on 2009-02-07. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
  7. ISBN 0-19-854055-8
    .
  8. ^ Paris, Edetions Albin Michel, 1965. Hungarian edition: Az utolsó sziget (translation: István Terényi), Gondolat Kiadó, Budapest, 1970 [1]
  9. ^ Hungarian edition, p. 150
  10. ^ Hungarian edition, p. 155
  11. ^ Hungarian edition, pp. 154–155
  12. ^ Hungarian edition, p. 114
  13. ^ Hungarian edition, p. 155
  14. ^ "University Libraries - Discovery (EDS)". eds.s.ebscohost.com. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  15. ^ Victoria Jaggard (May 3, 2007). "Photo in the news: oldest lobster fossil found in Mexico". National Geographic. Archived from the original on May 5, 2007.
  16. Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water. p. 22. Archived
    (PDF) from the original on 2008-07-27.
  17. S2CID 92064. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on February 19, 2009. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  18. ISBN 978-0-471-66315-7
    .
  19. ^ The Miles Kelly Book of Life. Great Bardfield, Essex: Miles Kelly Publishing. 2006.
  20. National Geographic News. Archived from the original
    on August 5, 2004.
  21. ^ "Lobsters have innate way to stay healthy, ODU researchers say in Nature article". Old Dominion University News. May 24, 2006. Archived from the original on September 10, 2006.
  22. ^ "The 'spiny' focus of fisheries". InternationalReports.net. 2003. Archived from the original on November 21, 2008.
  23. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(76)90141-6
    .
  24. S2CID 15948322. Archived
    (PDF) from the original on 2012-02-18.
  25. ISBN 92-5-103027-8. Archived from the original
    on 2009-02-06. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
  26. ^ Adam Summers (2001). "The Lobster's Violin". American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved January 11, 2012.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Palinuridae.
Wikispecies has information related to Palinuridae.
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