Spock
Spock | |
---|---|
Star Trek character | |
First appearance | "The Man Trap" (1966) (The Original Series) |
Created by | Gene Roddenberry |
Portrayed by |
Other
|
Voiced by |
|
In-universe information | |
Full name | S'chn T'gai Spock |
Species | Half-Vulcan (paternal) Half-human (maternal) |
Title |
|
Position |
|
Affiliation | Sybok (half-brother) (adopted sister) |
Significant others |
|
Children | Zar (son, Vulcan |
Spock is a
leading him to live out the rest of his life in a parallel universe.Spock was played by Leonard Nimoy in the original Star Trek series, Star Trek: The Animated Series, eight of the Star Trek feature films, and a two-part episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation. Multiple actors have played the character since Nimoy within Star Trek's main continuity; the most recent portrayal is Ethan Peck, who played Spock as a recurring character in the second season of Star Trek: Discovery and in Star Trek: Short Treks, and as a main character in Star Trek: Strange New Worlds (both a Discovery spin-off and a prequel to the original Star Trek series). Additionally, Zachary Quinto played an alternate reality version of Spock in the feature films Star Trek (2009), Star Trek Into Darkness (2013), and Star Trek Beyond (2016). Although the three films are set in the aforementioned parallel timeline, Nimoy appears in the first two as the original timeline's Spock.[4]
Aside from the series and films in the Star Trek franchise, Spock has also appeared in numerous
Appearances
This section may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience. |
Background
Born to the
Sarek supported Spock's scientific learning and application to the Vulcan Science Academy, as mentioned in "Journey to Babel".[14] In the 2009 film Star Trek, Spock rejects his acceptance into the Vulcan Science Academy on the basis that they would never fully accept someone who was only half-Vulcan. Although this film set the Kelvin timeline scene in this and later films, writer Roberto Orci stated that he felt that the actions were unaffected by the changes in this timeline and so would have occurred in the same manner prior to The Original Series.[10][11] Because Spock did not enter the VSA and sought to join Starfleet instead, he did not speak to his father for the following 18 years.[14]
"The Cage" and the first season
Spock appeared as the science officer on the
The earliest appearance of Spock in the series as broadcast was in "The Man Trap", the first such episode.[19] When he needs to knock out an evil version of Kirk in "The Enemy Within", he uses a Vulcan nerve pinch. Spock and Chief Engineer Montgomery "Scotty" Scott (James Doohan) work together to rejoin the good and evil versions of the Captain, which had been split following a transporter accident.[20] During "Miri", he finds himself to be the only member of the landing party to be immune to the physical effects of the disease affecting human adults on the planet. However, he realizes that he is probably a carrier and could infect the Enterprise if he were to return. Doctor Leonard McCoy (DeForest Kelley) manages to devise a cure, allowing the team to return to the ship.[21]
When Simon van Gelder enters the bridge armed with a
While the Enterprise is under threat in "
Spock is reunited with Leila Kalomi (Jill Ireland) in "This Side of Paradise"; after joining an away team to the planet Omicron Ceti III. After being affected by planet spores, Spock begins showing emotion and re-initiates his romantic liaison with Kalomi. The impact of the spores on him is cured after Kirk goads him into anger, and once freed of the effects, Spock is able to initiate a solution which cures the rest of the crew.[25] Spock attempts to mind meld with a non-humanoid Horta in "The Devil in the Dark", having initially suggested that Kirk should kill the creature. Following a second mind meld, Spock relays the history of the Horta and is able to create peace between the aliens and a nearby colony.[26] Both Spock and Kirk undertake guerrilla warfare against the occupying Klingon forces on the planet Organia, prior to the establishment of the Organian Peace Treaty in "Errand of Mercy".[27] To restore the timeline, he travels with Kirk back to 1930's New York City in "The City on the Edge of Forever". He uses technology of that period to interface with his tricorder over the course of the weeks they spend in the period before witnessing Edith Keeler's (Joan Collins) death.[28]
Season two and three
During the premiere episode of the second season, "Amok Time", Spock begins to undergo
The Motion Picture and the film series
At the beginning of
Star Trek: The Next Generation
After a period during which the production team avoided mentioning some aspects of The Original Series,[31] Spock was mentioned by name in Star Trek: The Next Generation in the episode "Sarek" (1990).[32] Executive producer Michael Piller later described this one act as "the breakthrough which allowed us to open the doors, that allowed us to begin to embrace our past".[31]
Spock appears in "Unification" (1991), a two-part episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation. Set 75 years after the events of The Undiscovered Country, the episode focuses on Federation Ambassador Spock's attempt to reunite the Romulans with their Vulcan brethren. Filming of The Undiscovered Country overlapped with production of this episode, and the episode references Spock's role in the film. While Spock's initial unification campaign fails, he chooses to remain on Romulus in secret to help the movement.
Reboot films
Star Trek (2009)
Spock's next appearance in the live action Star Trek franchise is the 2009 Star Trek film. Nimoy was given approval rights over Spock's casting and supported Quinto being cast as the role.[33] During the film's flashback, set 19 years after the events of "Unification", and as depicted in the comic miniseries Star Trek: Countdown,[3] Ambassador Spock (Nimoy) promises the Romulans he will use Vulcan technology to save them from a rogue supernova that threatens to destroy their Empire. He pilots an advanced starship equipped with red matter, a powerful substance able to create artificial black holes. The mission is only partially successful, and in the aftermath, Spock is pursued into the past by Nero (Eric Bana), a Romulan driven mad by the loss of his homeworld and family, setting into motion the events of the film.
In the film's opening act, Nero's ship emerges in the year 2233, and through its interaction with the inhabitants, inadvertently creates an "alternate, parallel 'Star Trek' universe".
The film also features
Star Trek Into Darkness (2013)
In
Into Darkness would be Nimoy's final appearance as Spock Prime, as well as the last role of his career. He died in 2015, shortly before production began on Star Trek Beyond.
Star Trek Beyond (2016)
In Star Trek Beyond, Spock receives word that Ambassador Spock (Spock Prime) has died. Impacted by this, Spock later tells McCoy that he intends to leave Starfleet to continue the ambassador's work on New Vulcan. At the end of the film, Spock receives a box containing some of Ambassador Spock's personal effects, and reflecting on a photograph of the older crew of the Enterprise from the series' original timeline, he chooses to remain in Starfleet.
Star Trek: Discovery
In August 2018, it was announced that Ethan Peck would join the cast of Star Trek: Discovery as Spock in the show's second season,[1] portraying a Spock younger than both Nimoy's and Quinto's renditions of the character, as Discovery is set several years before the Original Series and Kelvin Timeline films.
As of his appearances on Discovery, Spock is a Lieutenant, serving under Captain Christopher Pike on the Enterprise. Due to the trauma Spock suffered because of his visions of the "Red Angel", he is on leave from the Enterprise and under psychiatric care. His adopted sister Michael Burnham is attempting to help him recover.
The introduction to the second season episode, "If Memory Serves", uses archival footage of Nimoy as Spock from the unaired pilot episode "The Cage", and the third season episode "Unification III" uses archival footage of Nimoy again from the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Unification II". The latter appearance is a holographic recording from the records of Jean-Luc Picard, and is shown to Michael Burnham after she travels to the 31st Century, a time in which the Romulan and Vulcan peoples remember Ambassador Spock as the cause of their reunification on the planet Ni'Var, the newly renamed Vulcan.
Star Trek: Short Treks
In 2019, it was announced that the character Spock, as played by Peck would appear in two Star Trek: Short Treks, along with Captain Pike.[37] He reprised the role in the episodes "Q&A" and "Ask Not".
Star Trek: Strange New Worlds
In May 2020, it was announced that Spock (Ethan Peck) would return in the series Star Trek: Strange New Worlds alongside Captain Pike (Anson Mount) and Number One / Una (Rebecca Romjin).[38]
Development
The Original Series
The earliest known mention of Spock occurred during a conversation between Star Trek's creator, Gene Roddenberry, and actor Gary Lockwood, in which Lockwood suggested Leonard Nimoy for the role. The trio had previously worked together on Roddenberry's The Lieutenant, in the episode "In the Highest Tradition".[39][40] Roddenberry agreed to the idea, but was required to audition other actors for the part.[39] At the time, Roddenberry sought DeForest Kelley to play the doctor character in the pilot, "The Cage", but both NBC executives and director Robert Butler wanted Kelley to play Spock. Roddenberry offered the part to both Kelley and Martin Landau, but they both turned him down.[41] When offered, Nimoy accepted the part, but was apprehensive about the make-up, which had not yet been determined.[42]
During an interview segment of TV Land's 40th anniversary Star Trek marathon on November 12, 2006, Leonard Nimoy stated that Gene Roddenberry's first choice to play Spock was George Lindsey. Because of the flippant way Nimoy makes the comment, it has been suggested that he was joking. The claim Lindsey was offered the role is given more credibility when Lindsey's close friend Ernest Borgnine writes in his autobiography, "my hand to God – he turned down the part of Mr. Spock on TV's Star Trek, the role that made Leonard Nimoy famous."[43]
The character evolved from having a metal plate in his stomach, through which he ingested energy, to being a half-
At Roddenberry's insistence, Spock was the only character retained for the second pilot, "Where No Man Has Gone Before". However, NBC demanded that he be only a background character,[50] and when it went to series, the tips of Spock's ears were airbrushed out on promotional materials.[50] It was during early episodes such as "The Corbomite Maneuver" and "The Naked Time" that Nimoy came to understand the nature of the character.[51][52] After eight episodes, NBC executives complained to Roddenberry that there was not enough Spock in the series; "Spockmania" had begun.[53] In response, Spock was moved to a more prominent role within the series, such as taking the lead role in "This Side of Paradise" over Sulu.[54] The popularity of the character caused frictions with Shatner,[55] and rumors spread that he was going to be dropped from the show and replaced as the lead by Nimoy as Spock.[56] A drawn out contract renegotiation at the start of season two resulted in Roddenberry considering whether or not to replace Nimoy and the character.[57] Both Mark Lenard and Lawrence Montaigne were seriously considered.[58]
The character continued to develop, with Nimoy creating the
Revival attempts and the film franchise
Nimoy agreed to return to Spock during one of the early 1970s attempts to create a Star Trek film, entitled Star Trek: The God Thing, but dropped out after his likeness as Spock was used without permission to advertise Heineken beer.[63] He was persuaded to return to the role of Spock as the lead for the planned Trek film titled Planet of the Titans to be directed by Philip Kaufman.[64] When this project was killed in favor of a new television series, Star Trek: Phase II, Nimoy was reportedly just offered only a recurring part by Roddenberry, so refused to appear at all.[65] When the decision was made to turn the TV pilot script into Star Trek: The Motion Picture, director Robert Wise insisted Nimoy to return as the character,[66] which was only accomplished by Jeffrey Katzenberg forcing Paramount to settle the dispute with Nimoy over licensing use of his image. As on the series, Nimoy, calling on method acting training, would often not break character between takes.[67]
Dissatisfied with the first Trek feature, Nimoy was reluctant to return for Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan but was convinced by the promise of a dramatic death scene.[68] Nimoy enjoyed the production of the film so much that despite his character's on-screen death he wanted to return for a sequel.[69] The film's success allowed Nimoy to successfully negotiate to direct the next installment in addition to briefly appearing as a reanimated Spock.[70] The resulting film, Star Trek III: The Search for Spock was successful enough that Nimoy was asked to direct once more for Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home.[71][72] The following film of the series, the William Shatner-directed Star Trek V: The Final Frontier was initially unacceptable to Nimoy because it called for Spock to betray Kirk and side with his newly introduced half-brother Sybok. Nimoy felt his character had already come to terms with his human-side thus Sybok would have no influence on him, and forced the script to be changed before signing on.[73] Nimoy subsequently organized Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, choosing the director, writers and producers.[74] To hand over to Star Trek: The Next Generation at the time of The Undiscovered Country, Nimoy agreed to appear as Spock in the episode "Unification".[75] Nimoy subsequently turned down the directing role on Star Trek Generations as he wanted to rework the script, and refused reprising the role of Spock for what was essentially a cameo appearance;[76] and his character's lines were subsequently given to Scotty.[77]
When recasting the role for 2009's Star Trek, Nimoy was asked his opinion. He highlighted the work of Zachary Quinto, as he felt he looked similar and could portray the inner thought process of the character.[70] Quinto became the first actor to be cast for the film,[78] and Nimoy agreed to return as the version of the character from the "Prime" universe.[79] Nimoy said that he returned because of the enthusiasm from director J. J. Abrams and the writers, and because it made him feel appreciated.[78] Nimoy made a final appearance as Spock in Star Trek Into Darkness as a favor to Abrams. At the time, he did not rule out returning again,[80] but he died prior to the following film.[81] In Star Trek Beyond, Quinto's Spock mourns the loss of Spock Prime, as played by Nimoy.[82]
Reception
"Given the choice", Nimoy said years after the show ended, "if I had to be someone else, I would be Spock."[83] He recalled, more than a decade after the show's cancellation:[84]
The "Star Trek" phenomenon continues to amaze and confound me. It was incredible, and it still is, although it is gentler now than it used to be. For a time, it was hysterical – it was so wild I had to be very careful where I went. If I went to a restaurant, I had to plan my entrances and my exits so I wouldn't be mobbed and hurt. Same thing in hotels and airports – any public place. It isn't that hysterical any more, but it is still a potent force.
From early on, the public reacted very positively—even fanatically—to his character, in what
Fans asked Nimoy questions about current events such as the Vietnam War and LSD as if he were the Vulcan scientist;[89] one even asked the actor to lay his hands on a friend's eyes to heal them.[90] When a biracial girl wrote asking for advice on how to deal with persecution as "a half-breed", Nimoy responded that young Vulcans had treated Spock similarly and that she should, as he did, "realize the difference between popularity and true greatness".[91] The actor believed that the character appealed to viewers, especially teenagers, because[52]
Spock understands the trauma of human existence, for he is not home with earthmen or Vulcan; he can function only in the fabricated and neatly ordered society of the Enterprise. There, he knows who he is; he relates to his role very specifically, and this gives him a kind of cool.
To Nimoy's surprise, Spock became a sex symbol;[92] Isaac Asimov described the character as "a security blanket with sexual overtones" and Nimoy reported, "I've never had more female attention on a set before. And get this: they all want to touch the ears!"[52] (When a young woman asked "Are you aware that you are the source of erotic dream material for thousands and thousands of ladies around the world?", he replied "May all your dreams come true".) Nimoy speculated that Spock appealed to women because[93]
Down comes a stranger—tall, dark, thoughtful, alien and exotic. Somewhat devilish in appearance. He has a brilliant mind, the wisdom of a patriarch and is oh, so cool. With one raised eyebrow, he suggests he is above game-playing and role-playing—which are just hangovers from Earth's
Victorian Age—that he and he alone understands the deepest needs and longings of the Earth female.
NASA made Spock an informal mascot. Nimoy was invited to be guest of honor at the March 1967 National Space Club dinner and to take an extensive tour of the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD. The actor concluded from the warm and intense reception he received that astronauts like John Glenn and aerospace industry engineers, secretaries, and shareholders alike all regarded Star Trek, and especially the character of Spock, as a "dramatization of the future of their space program".[94][page needed]
An asteroid in the
Spock proved inspirational to many budding scientists and engineers. Nimoy has said that many of them, on meeting him, were eager to show him their work and discuss it with him as if he were a scientific peer, as opposed to an actor, photographer, and poet. His stock response in these situations was "it certainly looks like you're headed in the right direction".[96]
In 2004, Spock was ranked number 21 in
In 2012, IGN ranked the character Spock, as depicted in the original series and the 2009 film Star Trek, as the second top character of the Star Trek universe, with Kirk in the top spot.[100]
In 2016, Adam Nimoy released his documentary film For the Love of Spock, about his father and his iconic character.[101]
In 2017, Screen Rant ranked Spock the 5th most attractive person in the Star Trek universe, in between Michael Burnham and Seven of Nine.[102] In 2018, they ranked Spock as one of the top 8 most powerful characters of Star Trek (including later series).[103]
In 2018, CBR ranked Spock the 6th best Starfleet character of the Star Trek franchise.[104]
Reaction to Spock's death
The Wrath of Khan had its first public screening at a science-fiction convention in Overland Park, Kansas on May 8, 1982, almost a month before general release. Although Paramount executives were concerned that Spock's death would set fans against the movie, the audience actually applauded after Spock's death scene. "It was sensational. I hate to be given to superlatives but it absolutely reached everything we wanted it to. I couldn't ask for anything better," said co-producer Robert Sallin of the advance audience's reaction.[105]
Critical reaction to Spock's death was mixed. Film critic Roger Ebert lauded Spock's death: "He makes a choice in Star Trek II that would be made only by a hero, a fool, or a Vulcan. And when he makes his decision, the movie rises to one of its best scenes, because the Star Trek stories have always been best when they centered on their characters."[106] Conversely, The Washington Post's Gary Arnold states that Spock's death "feels like an unnecessary twist, and the filmmakers are obviously well-prepared to fudge in case the public demands another sequel."[107]
Twenty-five years later, Spock's death in The Wrath of Khan ranks number 2 on Total Film's list of 25 greatest Star Trek movie moments,[108] and number 1 on IGN Movie's top 10 Star Trek movie moments.[109]
Star Trek (2009)
Cultural impact
Spock has been parodied by, and has also been the inspiration for, pop culture works in various media. Composer/keyboardist George Duke's 1976 Solo Keyboard Album features two tracks which pay homage to Spock: "Spock Gets Funky" and "Vulcan Mind Probe". Rock guitarist Paul Gilbert wrote the song "Mr. Spock" on his
Spock's physical appearance in the Original Series episode "Mirror, Mirror" (1967) has itself spawned a trope of the "evil twin" archetype found in various fictional genres. In that episode, several members of the Enterprise travel to a parallel universe inhabited by evil versions of themselves. The parallel universe version of Spock is distinguished physically by his goatee.[116] Science fiction blog io9 said that Spock's beard in the episode introduced "the best shorthand ever for evil parallel universe duplicates".[117] Examples of the evil goatee's appearances in other media include the host segments of episode 611 of the TV series Mystery Science Theater 3000, Bender's "evil twin" Flexo in Futurama, and a 2009 episode of The Colbert Report featuring Stephen Colbert and Dan Maffei wearing fake goatees while pretending to be evil versions of themselves.[118] The name of progressive rock band Spock's Beard is a direct reference to Spock's goatee in this episode.[119]
Fan productions
In addition to television, feature films, books, and parodies, Spock has also been portrayed in non-canon fan fiction. Since 2004, the online fan production Star Trek: New Voyages has continued the further voyages of the canceled initial series. The fan-series' creators feel "Kirk, Spock, McCoy, and the rest should be treated as 'classic' characters like Willy Loman from Death of a Salesman, Gandalf from The Lord of the Rings, or even Hamlet, Othello, or Romeo. Many actors have and can play the roles, each offering a different interpretation of said character."[120]
The fan series Star Trek: New Voyages has featured three actors in the role of Spock. Spock was portrayed by Jeffrey Quinn for the pilot and first three episodes, by Ben Tolpin in episodes 4 and 5, and by Brandon Stacy in episodes 6 through 11. Stacy also served as a stand-in for Zachary Quinto in the 2009 Star Trek film.[121]
The independent online fan series Star Trek Continues featured Todd Haberkorn as Spock in three vignettes and eleven full episodes between 2013 and 2017.
In scientific illustrator
"Spocking" Canadian $5 notes
There has been a practice of altering the portrait of Wilfrid Laurier, Canada's prime minister from 1896 to 1911, on Canadian five-dollar notes to look like Spock. After the death of Nimoy in 2015, there was an increase in that practice.[126][127]
References
- ^ a b Whitbrook, James (August 14, 2018). "Star Trek: Discovery's Young Spock Will Be Played By Ethan Peck in Season 2". io9. Archived from the original on August 14, 2018. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
- ^ a b Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
- ^ ISBN 978-1-60010-420-6.
- ^ a b Weeks, Adam (July 25, 2007). "Zachary Quinto Is Spock". Moviehole.net. Archived from the original on October 26, 2019. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ ISBN 0-671-53609-5.
- CBS Interactive. Retrieved February 3, 2009.
- ^ Jensen, K. Thor (November 20, 2008). "Spock". UGO Networks. San Francisco, CA: IGN Entertainment, Inc. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2009.
- ^ Nimoy (1975), pp. 1–6
- ^ Nimoy (1995), pp. 2–17
- ^ a b Orci, Roberto; Kurtzman, Alex; Abrams, J.J. (April 7, 2009). Star Trek (Motion picture). Paramount Pictures.
- ^ a b Pascale, Anthony (December 11, 2008). "EXCLUSIVE: Bob Orci Explains How The New Star Trek Movie Fits With Trek Canon (and Real Science)". TrekMovie.com. Archived from the original on March 30, 2015. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
- ^ Loughery, David; Shatner, William; Bennett, Harve (June 9, 1989). Star Trek V: The Final Frontier (Motion picture). Paramount Pictures.
- ^ a b Sturgeon, Theodore (September 15, 1967). "Amok Time". Star Trek: The Original Series. Season 2. Episode 1. NBC.
- ^ a b Fontana, D.C. (November 17, 1967). "Journey to Babel". Star Trek: The Original Series. Season 2. Episode 10. NBC.
- ^ a b DeCandido, Keith (June 23, 2015). "Star Trek The Original Series: "The Menagerie" Parts 1 & 2". Tor.com. Archived from the original on August 5, 2016. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
- ^ Roddenberry, Gene (November 27, 1988). "The Cage". Star Trek: The Original Series. NBC.
- ^ DeCandido, Keith (March 11, 2015). "Star Trek The Original Series Rewatch: "Where No Man Has Gone Before"". Tor.com. Archived from the original on September 15, 2016. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
- ^ Peeples, Samuel A. (September 22, 1966). "Where No Man Has Gone Before". Star Trek: The Original Series. Season 1. Episode 3. NBC.
- ^ Cushman & Osborn 2013, p. 176.
- ^ Matheson, Richard (October 6, 1966). "The Enemy Within". Star Trek: The Original Series. Season 1. Episode 5. NBC.
- ^ Spies, Adrian (October 27, 1966). "Miri". Star Trek: The Original Series. Season 1. Episode 8. NBC.
- ^ Bar-David, S. (November 3, 1966). "Dagger of the Mind". Star Trek: The Original Series. Season 1. Episode 9. NBC.
- ^ Schneider, Paul (December 15, 1966). "Balance of Terror". Star Trek: The Original Series. Season 1. Episode 14. NBC.
- ^ Crawford, Oliver; Bar-David, S. (January 5, 1967). "The Galileo Seven". Star Trek: The Original Series. Season 1. Episode 16. NBC.
- ^ Fontana, D.C.; Butler, Nathan (March 2, 1967). "This Side of Paradise". Star Trek: The Original Series. Season 1. Episode 24. NBC.
- ^ Coon, Gene (March 9, 1967). "The Devil in the Dark". Star Trek: The Original Series. Season 1. Episode 25. NBC.
- ^ Coon, Gene (March 23, 1967). "Errand of Mercy". Star Trek: The Original Series. Season 1. Episode 26. NBC.
- ^ Ellison, Harlan (April 6, 1967). "The City on the Edge of Forever". Star Trek: The Original Series. Season 1. Episode 27. NBC.
- ^ Lucas, John Meredyth (September 29, 1967). "The Changeling". Star Trek: The Original Series. Season 2. Episode 1. NBC.
- ^ Bixby, Jerome (October 6, 1967). "Mirror, Mirror". Star Trek: The Original Series. Season 2. Episode 4. NBC.
- ^ a b Reeves-Stevens & Reeves-Stevens 1998, p. 119.
- ^ Nemecek 2003, p. 127.
- ^ John Hiscock, "Star Trek: J. J. Abrams Interview [2009]", in Brent Dunham, ed., J. J. Abrams: Interviews (Jackson: Univ. Press of Mississippi, 2018), 41-43.
ISBN 9781496820457and online at books.google.com/books?id=-fl0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA41
- ^ a b c Burr, Ty (May 5, 2009). "Star Trek". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on January 30, 2015. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
- ^ Jensen, Jeff (October 18, 2008). "'Star Trek': New Movie, New Vision". Entertainment Weekly. p. 4. Archived from the original on November 4, 2008. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
- ^ Abrams, J.J. (Director) (2009). Star Trek (Film). United States: Paramount Pictures.
- ^ Liptak, Andrew (July 20, 2019). "Star Trek: Short Treks are returning to CBS All Access this fall". The Verge. Archived from the original on July 23, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
- ^ "CBS All Access greenlights 'Strange New Worlds,' a new Star Trek series about Pike and Spock". TechCrunch. May 15, 2020. Retrieved August 19, 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Cushman & Osborn 2013, p. 49.
- ^ Roddenberry & Whitfield 1991, p. 33.
- ^ Cushman & Osborn 2013, p. 50.
- ^ Cushman & Osborn 2013, p. 52.
- ISBN 9780806529424. Archivedfrom the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ Dillard 1994, p. 6.
- ^ Cushman & Osborn 2013, pp. 23–24.
- ^ Asherman 1988, pp. 230–231.
- ^ a b Cushman & Osborn 2013, p. 54.
- ^ Roddenberry & Whitfield 1991, p. 100.
- ^ Roddenberry & Whitfield 1991, pp. 108–109.
- ^ a b Roddenberry & Whitfield 1991, p. 110.
- ^ Dillard 1994, p. 15.
- ^ a b c d Diehl, Digby (August 25, 1968). "Girls All Want To Touch The Ears". The New York Times. p. 173. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved February 27, 2015.
- ^ Solow & Justman 1996, p. 235.
- ^ Gross & Altman 1993, p. 39.
- ^ Solow & Justman 1996, p. 236.
- ^ Solow & Justman 1996, p. 239.
- ^ Solow & Justman 1996, p. 319.
- ^ Solow & Justman 1996, pp. 320–321.
- ^ Gross & Altman 1993, p. 53.
- ^ Solow & Justman 1996, p. 237.
- ^ Nichols 1994, p. 188.
- ^ Nichols 1994, p. 194.
- ^ Gross & Altman 1993, pp. 83–84.
- ^ Anders, Charlie Jane (December 31, 2010). "Ralph McQuarrie's concept art for a Star Trek movie in 1976–1977". io9. Archived from the original on August 26, 2013. Retrieved July 1, 2016.
- ^ Reeves-Stevens & Reeves-Stevens 1997, p. 28.
- ^ Reeves-Stevens & Reeves-Stevens 1997, p. 78.
- ^ Nichols 1994, p. 179.
- ^ Rioux 2005, p. 243.
- ^ Rioux 2005, p. 248.
- ^ a b Boucher, Geoff (June 12, 2010). "Leonard Nimoy riffs on William Shatner, George Lucas and ... Jimi Hendrix?". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 14, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2016.
- ^ Dillard 1994, p. 80.
- ^ Gross & Altman 1993, p. 123.
- ^ Gross & Altman 1993, p. 131.
- ^ Gross & Altman 1993, p. 139.
- ^ Gross & Altman 1993, p. 231.
- ^ Nemecek 2003, p. 309.
- ^ Nemecek 2003, p. 310.
- ^ a b Fischer, Paul. "Leonard Nimoy & Zachary Quinto Spock Star Trek Interview". Girl.com.au. Archived from the original on November 19, 2009. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
- ^ Anthony Pascale (April 14, 2008). "Grand Slam XVI: Two Spocks Rock The House". TrekMovie.com. Archived from the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved April 15, 2008.
- ^ "EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: Leonard Nimoy Talks Star Trek Into Darkness". StarTrek.com. May 30, 2013. Archived from the original on June 19, 2016. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
- ^ "Leonard Nimoy, Star Trek's Mr Spock, dies at 83". BBC News. February 27, 2015. Archived from the original on August 11, 2016. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
- ^ Wilson, Sean (June 13, 2016). "Why Star Trek Beyond promises to honour the memory of Leonard Nimoy". Cineworld. Archived from the original on June 16, 2016. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
- ^ Heffernan, Virginia (February 27, 2015). "Known as Spock, but He Explored Other Worlds". The New York Times. pp. A1. Archived from the original on February 3, 2016. Retrieved February 28, 2015.
- ^ Kleiner, Dick (June 17, 1982). "Still Spock after all these years: Nimoy really loves the Trekkies". Williamson Daily News. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Burr, Ty (February 27, 2015). "Leonard Nimoy, 83; was TV's iconic Mr. Spock". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on March 1, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
- ^ Shult, Doug (July 3, 1972). "Cult Fans, Reruns Give 'Star Trek' an Out of This World Popularity". Milwaukee Journal. Retrieved March 4, 2011.[permanent dead link]
- ISBN 0786861827.
- ^ @TheRealNimoy (February 11, 2011). "The only time I ever appeared in public as Spock. Medford, Oregon Pear Blossom Festival. 1967 ? LLAP http://twitpic.com/3yr7hk" (Tweet). Retrieved August 25, 2015 – via Twitter.
- Victoria Advocate. Victoria, Texas. February 8, 1968. pp. 7B. Archivedfrom the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
- ^ Michaels, Marguerite (December 10, 1978). "A Visit to Star Trek's Movie Launch". Parade. Retrieved May 2, 2011.[dead link]
- ^ Epstein, Leonora (March 11, 2013). "Spock's Advice To A Teenage Girl Will Make You Cry". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on May 3, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
- ^ Kleiner, Dick (December 4, 1967). "Mr. Spock's Trek To Stardom". Warsaw Times-Union. Warsaw, Indiana. Newspaper Enterprise Association. p. 7. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
- ^ "Women Spaced Out Over Leonard Nimoy". The Pittsburgh Press. March 9, 1977. pp. A-25. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ISBN 978-0-345-27638-4.
- ^ "Asteroid named after discoverer's cat named after Mr. Spock" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 28, 2015.
- ^ Angier, Natalie (February 28, 2011). "Natalie Portman, Oscar Winner, Was Also a Precocious Scientist". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 14, 2012. Retrieved April 13, 2012.
- ^ "Bravo > 100 Greatest TV Characters". Bravo. Archived from the original on July 17, 2007. Retrieved November 11, 2006.
- UGO. Archived from the originalon February 4, 2010. Retrieved February 3, 2009.
- ISBN 978-0-312-37265-1.
- ^ Top 25 Star Trek Characters - IGN, May 8, 2009, archived from the original on March 27, 2019, retrieved July 12, 2019
- ^ "Adam Nimoy's 'For The Love Of Spock' To Premiere At Tribeca Film Festival". March 16, 2016. Archived from the original on March 19, 2016. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
- ^ "Star Trek: 20 Most Attractive Characters". ScreenRant. December 15, 2017. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
- ^ "Star Trek: 8 Most Powerful (And 8 Worthless) Characters, Ranked". ScreenRant. January 18, 2018. Archived from the original on July 15, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- ^ "Star Trek: The 25 Best Members Of Starfleet, Ranked". CBR. October 27, 2018. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
- ^ "'Star Trek' fans accept Spock death". The Montreal Gazette. UPI. May 10, 1982. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
- ^ Ebert, Roger (January 1, 1982). "Review: Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on September 16, 2008. Retrieved September 13, 2008.
- ^ Arnold, Gary (June 4, 1982). "Cashing in on the Spock market; 'Star Trek II' shows little enterprise". The Washington Post. p. D1.
- ^ White, James. "The 25 Greatest Star Trek Movie Moments". Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved July 29, 2015.
- ^ Collura, Scott. "Top 10 Star Trek Movie Moments". IGN. Archived from the original on May 7, 2009. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- Slate.com. Archivedfrom the original on January 15, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2009.
- ^ Owen Gleiberman (May 9, 2009). "Why Spock rocks". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on May 11, 2009. Retrieved May 11, 2009.
- ^ "Bob Budiansky in Interrogative Forum". Rustingcarcass.yuku.com. September 28, 1958. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
- ]
- ^ Robinson v. Crown Cork & Seal, Supreme Court of Texas No. 06-0714 Archived October 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (2008). online.wsj.com i.e. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 3, 2015
- ^ "Rare 'Trek,' 'Star Wars' and 'Who' props up for auction (pictures) – page 4 – CNET". CNET. Archived from the original on August 30, 2015. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
- ^ "Top 40 Reasons Why We Love Star Trek". Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved April 13, 2009.
- ^ Wilkins, Alasdair (December 26, 2011). "Ten plotlines you'll find in science fiction – over and over again". io9. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on January 7, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2011.
- ^ "Better Know a District – New York's 25th – Dan Maffei". The Colbert Report. Season 5. April 7, 2009. Comedy Central.
- ^ Miguel Farah (June 9, 2002). "Spock's Beard Frequently Asked Questions List". Archived from the original on January 23, 2013. Retrieved September 23, 2012.
- ^ "Star Trek: Phase II About". Archived from the original on November 20, 2011.
- ^ Pascale, Anthony (November 18, 2008). "FanMade: Phase II Announces "Blood and Fire" Release + Casts a New Spock". Trekmovie.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2009. Retrieved February 3, 2009.
- ^ Bender, Kelli (February 6, 2017). "Beam Me Up, Kitty! It's Star Trek with Cats". People.com. Time Inc. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
- ^ Clyde (February 20, 2018). "Star Trek For Cats". Cat Wisdom 101. catwisdom101.com. Archived from the original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
- OregonLive.com. Advance Publications. Archivedfrom the original on February 21, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
- ^ I iz Cat (February 2017). "Cats have replaced the Star Trek cast in new epic adventure series". I iz Cat. iizcat.com. Archived from the original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
- ^ Bank spokesman says writing on bills 'inappropriate' Archived January 29, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, BBC, March 3, 2015. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
- ^ Canada: 'Spocking' $5 notes not illegal, but illogical Archived December 31, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, usatoday.com, March 4, 2015. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
Sources
- Asherman, Allan (1988). The Star Trek Interview Book. ISBN 0-671-61794-X.
- Cushman, Marc; Osborn, Susan (2013). These are the Voyages: TOS, Season One. San Diego, CA: Jacobs Brown Press. ISBN 978-0-9892381-1-3.
- ISBN 0-671-51149-1.
- Gross, Edward; Altman, Mark A. (1993). Captain's Logs: The Complete Trek Voyages. London: Boxtree. ISBN 978-1-85283-899-7.
- Nemecek, Larry (2003). Star Trek: The Next Generation Companion (3rd ed.). New York: Pocket Books. ISBN 0-7434-5798-6.
- Nichols, Nichelle (1994). Beyond Uhura. New York: G. P. Putnam's. ISBN 0-3991-3993-1.
- Reeves-Stevens, Judith; Reeves-Stevens, Garfield (1997). Star Trek: Phase II: The Lost Series (2nd ed.). New York: Pocket Books. ISBN 978-0-671-56839-9.
- Reeves-Stevens, Judith; Reeves-Stevens, Garfield (1998). Star Trek: The Next Generation: The Continuing Mission (2nd ed.). New York: Pocket Books. ISBN 978-0-671-02559-5.
- Rioux, Terry Lee (2005). From Sawdust to Stardust: The Biography of DeForest Kelley. ISBN 0-7434-5762-5.
- Roddenberry, Gene; Whitfield, Stephen E. (1991). The Making of Star Trek. London: Titan Books. ISBN 978-1-852-86363-0.
- Solow, Herbert F.; Justman, Robert H. (1996). Inside Star Trek: The Real Story. New York: Pocket Books. ISBN 978-0-67189-628-7.