Sport in Australia

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All Blacks in 2000.[1]

There are a number of professional sport leagues in Australia, including the

Super Rugby Pacific (Australia/New Zealand) (Rugby Union), the National Basketball League and the Women's National Basketball League, A-League Men and A-League Women (soccer), the Australian Baseball League (baseball), the Big Bash League (cricket), Women's Big Bash League (cricket) and Sheffield Shield (cricket), Suncorp Super Netball and the Supercars Championship (touring car racing). Attendance for the AFL in 2019 attracted more than 7.5 million people to games,[2]
while the NRL draws just over 3 million people in a single season.

Historically, rugby league and rugby union football codes have been more popular than Australian rules football in New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and Queensland, whereas Australian rules football has been more popular in Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, Northern Territory and Western Australia.

Australia boasts 7 former world number one squash players, along with a history of success in the Commonwealth Games.

As a nation, Australia has competed in many international events, including the

Summer Olympics in Melbourne (1956) and Sydney (2000), as well as the Commonwealth Games on five occasions. A third Olympics will be held in Brisbane
in 2032, and a sixth Commonwealth Games across rural Victoria state in 2026.

The city of Melbourne is famous for its major sports events and has been described as the 'sporting capital of the world',[3] and one of its stadiums, the Melbourne Cricket Ground, is considered the home of Australian rules football and one of the world's premier Cricket grounds. After the United States, which is regarded as the greatest sports nation in the world, Australia is considered one of the best sports nations in the world.[4][5][6][7]

History

Main article: History of sport in Australia

"Australia's sporting history is marked by great successes, great stories and truly great moments. Sport speaks a universal language in this country – we are a nation of players and enthusiasts."

— Kevin Rudd, January 2008[8]

An 1860s game of Australian rules football at the Richmond Paddock. A pavilion of the MCG seen on the left in the background. (Wood engraving made by Robert Bruce in 1866.)

Sport came to Australia in 1810 when the first athletics tournament was held; soon after cricket, horse racing and sailing clubs and competitions started. Australia's lower classes would play sports on public holidays, with the upper classes playing more regularly on Saturdays.[9] Sydney was the early hub of sport in the colony.[10] Early forms of football were played there by 1829.[11] Early sport in Australia was played along class lines. In 1835, the British Parliament banned blood sports except fox hunting in a law that was implemented in Australia; this was not taken well in the country as it was seen as an attack on the working classes.[12] By the late 1830s, horse racing was established in New South Wales and other parts of the country, and enjoyed support across class lines. Gambling was part of sport from the time horse racing became an established sport in the colony.[12] Horse racing was also happening in Melbourne at Batman's Hill in 1838, with the first race meeting in Victoria taking place in 1840.[13] Cricket was also underway with the Melbourne Cricket Club founded in 1838.[13][14] Sport was being used during the 1830s, 1840s and 1850s as a form of social integration across classes.[15] Victorian rules football (later known as Australian rules) was codified in 1859.[16][17] Australian football clubs still around in the current Australian Football League were founded by 1858.[14][16][17] Originally formed as the South Australian Football Association on 30 April 1877, the SANFL (South Australian National Football League) is the oldest surviving football league of any code in Australia. The Melbourne Cricket Ground, Australia's largest sporting arena, opened in 1853.[18] The Melbourne Cup was first run in 1861.[19] A rugby union team was established at the University of Sydney in 1864.[19] Regular sport did not begin to be played in South Australia, Tasmania and Western Australia until the late 1860s and early 1870s.[10]

Illustrated London News
, 1921

The first Australian cricket team to go on tour internationally did so in 1868. The Australian side was an all Aboriginal one and toured England where they played 47 games, where they won 14 games, drew 19 and lost 14.[20]Australia's adoption of sport as a national pastime was so comprehensive that Anthony Trollope remarked in his book, Australia, published in 1870, "The English passion for the amusements which are technically called 'sports', is not a national necessity with the Americans, whereas with the Australians it is almost as much so as home."[21]

The first team formally organised soccer team was formed in Sydney in 1880 and was named the Wanderers.

Victorian Football Association.[28]

The first badminton competition in Australia was played in 1900.[29] The first ice hockey game was played in Melbourne on 12 July 1906 between a local Melbourne team and a team from the crew of the visiting US warship USS Baltimore.[30]

Motor racing began in the first years of federation with motorcycle racing beginning at the Sydney Cricket Ground in 1901 with automobile motorsport following in 1904 at Aspendale Racecourse in Melbourne. A dedicated race track was added to Aspendale's horse racing track in 1906, although it fell into disuse almost immediately.

Rugby league has been the overwhelmingly dominant rugby code in Australia since 1908 (this position remains unchallenged to this day). When Messenger and the All Golds returned from Great Britain in 1908, they helped the new clubs adapt to the rules of rugby league prior to the inaugural 1908 NSWRFL season. The Queensland Rugby Football League also formed early in 1908 by seven rugby players who were dissatisfied with the administration of the Queensland Rugby Union.[31] The Australia national rugby union team had their first international test against New Zealand in 1903, and first international tour in 1908, earning their nickname of the Wallabies after two British journalists used it to refer to the team.[32] The team won gold at the 1908 Summer Olympics; however the majority of the squad joined rugby league clubs upon returning to Australia.[33]

Women represented Australia for the first time at the

surf life saving competition being held that year.[34] Les Darcy began his boxing career in 1915, with some of his later fights taking place at Sydney Stadium. The following year, an American promoter encouraged Darcy to go to the United States at a time when Australia was actively recruiting young men for the armed services. Controversy resulted and Darcy died at the age of 21 in the United States. When his body was returned to Australia, 100,000 people attended his Sydney funeral.[35][36][37][38][39] Darcy would remain significant to Australians into the 2000s, when Kevin Rudd mentioned his story.[39]

Five women standing with tennis rackets in hand
Group of tennis players, ca. 1922.

In 1922, a committee in Australia investigated the benefits of physical education for girls. They came up with several recommendations regarding what sports were and were not appropriate for girls to play based on the level of fitness required. It was determined that for some individual girls that for medical reasons, the girls should probably not be allowed to participate in tennis, netball, lacrosse, golf, hockey, and cricket. Football was completely medically inappropriate for girls to play. It was medically appropriate for all girls to be able to participate in, so long as they were not done in an overly competitive manner, swimming, rowing, cycling and horseback riding.

Australian Olympic team (from 1908).[42] Netball Australia was founded in 1927 as the All Australia Women's Basket Ball Association.[19]

1932–33 Ashes: Bill Woodfull evades a bodyline ball at the Gabba

During the 1930s, the playing of sport on Sunday was banned in most of the country outside South Australia.

Donald Bradman. Going into the start of the series, Bill Voce told the media "If we don't beat you, we'll knock your bloody heads off." The style of play was such that the Australians contemplated cancelling the series after the Adelaide test.[45][46]

Following a successful Australian racing career, the race horse Phar Lap went to the United States where he died. There were many conspiracy theories at the time and later that suggested people in the United States poisoned the horse to prevent him from winning.[44]

Australian women's sports had an advantage over many other women's sport organisations around the world in the period after World War II.

Australian Canoeing was founded as the Australian Canoe Federation.[48]

By the 1960s, Australia had an international identity as a sport-obsessed country, an identity which was embraced inside the country. This was so well known that in a 1962 edition of

World Netball Championships in Perth.[50] That same year, South Australia became the last state to lift its ban on the playing of sports on Sunday.[43]

Starting in the early 1970s, Australian sport underwent a paradigm shift with sponsorship becoming one of the fundamental drivers of earnings for Australian sport on amateur and professional levels. By the mid-1980s, the need for the ability to acquire sponsorship dollars in sport was so great that job applicants for sport administrator positions were expected to be able to demonstrate an ability to get it.[51]

During the 1970s, Australia was being routinely defeated in major international competitions as Eastern Bloc countries enjoyed strong government support for sport. The Liberal governments at the time were opposed to similar intervention in Australia's sporting system as they felt it would be government intrusion into an important component of Australian life.

Australian team qualified for the 1974 FIFA World Cup, the first successful qualification to the FIFA World Cup in the country's history after failing to qualify to the 1966 and 1970 tournaments. It would prove to be the only appearance for the Australian team for more than three decades.[22]

The Australia national rugby league team kicking off a match

The

Aboriginal land rights activists who staged protests timed with the event in order to politicise the event.[55] Australia had competitors in the America's Cup yacht race for a number of years. Going into the 1983 race, the Australian media was not that interested in the race as they expected a similar result and in the media lead-up to the event, made it out to be a race for rich people. This lack of interest continued throughout the early races. Near the end, when Australia finally appeared poised to win it, millions of Australians turned on their television to watch the Australia II win the competition.[56] That year, the Liberals used Australian tennis star John Newcombe and race car drivers Peter Brock and Alan Jones in their political advertising.[57] Athletes would again be used, this time by the Labor Party, in the 1989 elections.[57] During the 1980s, Australian soccer players began to start playing regularly in overseas professional leagues, with the most successful player of the decade being Craig Johnston who scored a goal in the 1986 FA Cup Final for Liverpool.[22] During the 1980s, the federal government created a number of sport programs including Aussie Sports and Active Australia.[58] The Australia women's national field hockey team began their run as one of the top teams in the world in 1985, a place they would hold until 2000.[25]

In 1990, the Victorian Football League changed its name to the Australian Football League. During the 1990s, soccer in Australia faced a challenge in attracting youth players because of the ethnic nature of the sport at the highest levels of national competition. The sport's governing body made an effort to make the game less ethnically oriented. At the same time, rival football codes were intentionally trying to bring in ethnic participants in order to expand their youth playing base.[59] Doping became a concern during the 1980s and more active steps were taken to combat it in Australia in the early 1990s. In 1990, the Australian Sports Drug Agency Act 1990 was passed and took control of doping test away from the Australian Sport Commission and put it into the hands of an independent doping control agency as of 17 February 1991.[60]

2000 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony at Stadium Australia
on 15 September 2000

In 2006, Melbourne hosted the

Australian team competed in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, their second FIFA World Cup appearance after 32 years of failing to qualify for the tournament.[62]

Royal Ascot

In 2012, the

Cox Plates
.

Organisation

Main article: Organisation of sport in Australia

The organisation of sport in Australia has been largely determined by its Federal system of government –

Australian Government and six states and two territories governments and local governments.[65]

State and Territory governments have a department with responsibility for sport and recreation. These departments provide assistance to state sports organisations, develop and manage sporting facilities, provide financial assistance for major sporting events and develop policies to assist sports across their state or territory. Each Australian State and Territory has established its own institute/academy of sport –

South Australian Sports Institute (1982), Tasmanian Institute of Sport (1985), Victorian Institute of Sport (1990) and Western Australian Institute of Sport (1984).[66][page needed
]

There are 560 local councils across Australia. Local governments generally focus on the provision of facilities such as swimming pools, sporting fields, stadiums and tennis courts.[67]

Government involvement in sport up until the 1970s was fairly limited with local governments playing a major role through the provision of sporting facilities.

Australian Commonwealth Games Association.[72][73]
In 2011, National Institute System Intergovernmental Agreement provides "guidance on how the sector will operate, with a principal focus on the delivery of the high performance plans of national sporting organisations."[74]

The Australian government provided small amounts of funding in the 1950s and 1960s through the support of the National Fitness Council and international sporting teams such as the Australian Olympic team.[65] The Australian Government's serious involvement and investment into sport came with it establishing the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) in 1981.[65] AIS was set up to improve Australia's performances in international sport which had started to decline in the 1960s and 1970s culminating in Australia winning no gold medals at the 1976 Montreal Olympics.[66][page needed] In 1985, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC) was established to improve the Australian Government's administration of sport in terms of funding, participation and elite sport.[66][page needed] The 1989 Senate Inquiry into drugs in sport resulted in the establishment of the Australian Sport Drug Agency (now called Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority (ASADA)) in 1990 to manage Australia's anti-doping program.[66][page needed]

Participation

Total employment in the sports and recreation sector (thousands of people) since 1984

The highest rates of participation for Australian sport and recreation are informal, non-organised sports with bike riding, skateboarding, rollerblading or riding a scooter topping the list of activities for children, with 66% of all boys bike riding and 55.9% of all boys skateboarding, rollerblading or riding a scooter in 2009 and 2010. Girls also participated in these activities at high rates with 54.4% of them doing bike riding and 42.4% skateboarding, rollerblading or riding a scooter. Other sports popular for Australian girls include dancing, which had 26.3% participation, swimming with 19.8% participation and netball at 17%. For boys, the other popular sports for participation included soccer with a rate of participation of 19.9%, swimming with a participation rate of 17.2%, Australian rules at 16%.[75]

Bicycle riding is one of the most popular forms of physical recreation in Australia

Participation rates for adults in Australia were much lower than that of Australian children. For adult women in Australia, the number one sport activity they participate in is walking with 30% having done this in 2009 and 2010. The second most popular form of exercise and sport was Aerobics/fitness/gym with a rate of 16.7%. The third most popular for adult women was swimming and diving with 8.4%. For men, the most popular sport activity was also walking with a participation rate of 15.6%. This was followed by Aerobics/fitness/gym with 11.2%. The third most popular sport for adult males was cycling/BMXing with a participation rate of 8.2%.[75]

There are 34,000 athletes, officials and coaches currently registered with the

Melbourne, particularly, it has more participants than any other sport.[78][79][80] Australia's warm climate and long coastline of sandy beaches and rolling waves provide ideal conditions for water sports such as swimming. The majority of Australians live in cities or towns on or near the coast, and so beaches are a place that millions of Australians visit regularly.[81]

According to the National Cricket Census, a record 1,650,030 people played Cricket across Australia in 2018–19. Women participation also reached record figures in growing to 496,484 players.[82]

Amateur sport

Amateur sport in Australia follows a corporate management system, with the national tier composed of national sport organisations that support and fund elite sport development. These organisations include the Australian Institute of Sport and the Australian Sports Commission. Below them is the state level, which includes state sporting organisations, state institute of sport and state departments of sport. The last level is district/regional associations and local clubs and community sports along with local government.[83] At the national level, the national sport organisations govern most sports in Australia, with over 120 different national sports organisation overseeing sport in Australia.[84][85] The role of government in this structure is important[83][86] as government funding for most sport in Australia comes from the national government, state and territory governments, and local governments. In the late 1990s, government support for sport was double that of public non-financial corporations.[86]

Amateur sport was transformed in Australia in the 1980s with the creation of the AIS Australian Institute of Sport. The institute, formally opened by Malcolm Fraser in 1981, was designed to make Australian amateur sport at major world competitions, like the Olympics, competitive with the rest of the world and increase the number of medals won by the country.[87] A few years later, in 1984, the Australian Sports Commission was created to better address the distribution of funds to support sport.[88] It had a budget of A$109 million in 2000.[58] By 2009, the Australian Sports Commission had a budget of A$150 million, up from A$5 million when it first was created.[88]

Amateur sport has been able to draw large audiences. In the 1950s, 120,000 fans would go to the MCG to watch major athletics events.[89]

Australian amateur sport has dealt with financial problems. In the 2000s, Athletics Australia was facing duel problems of financial problems and failure for the sport to consistently medal at major international sporting events compared to other sports and their representative organisations like Swimming Australia and Rowing Australia.[90]

National Leagues

Major professional sports leagues in Australia are similar to major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada in that they are closed leagues that do not practice promotion and relegation, unlike sports leagues in Europe and Latin America.

Male Major Leagues

League Sport Teams Season Popularity by state Established Notes
Australian Football League Australian rules football 18 March - September Most popular winter sport in Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Tasmania. 1897 Most attended sport[91]
A-League Men Association football 12 October - May Popular nationwide 2004
Big Bash League Cricket 8 December - January Most popular summer sport nationwide 2011[o 1]
National Basketball League Basketball 10 September - March Popular nationwide 1979
National Rugby League
Rugby League
 17 March - September Most Popular winter sport in New South Wales, Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory. 1908 Most watched sport by TV[92]

Female Major Leagues

League Sport Teams Season Popularity by state Established
Australian Football League Womens Australian rules football 18 September - December Popular nationwide 2017
A-League Womens Association football 12 October - April Popular nationwide 2004
Womens Big Bash League Cricket 8 October - December Most popular summer sport nationwide 2011[o 2]
Suncorp Super Netball Netball 8 March - July Moderately popular nationwide 2017
Womens National Basketball League Basketball 8 November - March Popular nationwide 1979

Other Significant National Leagues

League Sport Teams Popularity by state Established Notes
Supercars Championship
Touring Car Racing
 N/A Moderately popular nationwide 1997
Women's
)
Rugby Union
 5[o 3] Moderately popular in New South Wales and Queensland 1996
Australian Baseball League Baseball 6 Minor sport 2009
Hockey One
Field Hockey
 7 Minor sport 2019
Australian Ice Hockey League
Ice Hockey
 8 Minor sport 2000
  1. ^ First league established 2005, current league established in 2011.
  2. ^ First league established 2005, current league established in 2011.
  3. ^ Super Rugby has 12 teams overall — five from Australia, five from New Zealand, with one representing the Pacific Islands as a whole and one representing Fiji. The teams of Fiji and the Pacific Islands joined in 2022.

Spectators

Australian sport fans have historically attended events in large numbers, dating back to the country's early history. An early football game played in Melbourne in 1858 had 2,000 spectators.

St George
, although estimates including those who climbed onto roofs and over the perimeter fence put the actual crowd as high as 200,000. [95] A world record was set for cricket attendance on 30 December 1932 when 63,993 fans watched England take on Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.[96] In 2010, the National Rugby League's premiership set its record for regular season attendance, with 3,490,778 attending across the season, at an average of 17,367 people at each match.[97]

Total average game attendance for the Australian Football League and the National Rugby League increased between 1970 and 2000, with the AFL going from an average attendance of 24,344 people per match in 1970 to 27,325 by 1980 to 25,238 in 1990 and 34,094 by 2000. The National Rugby League had an average per game attendance of 11,990 in 1970, saw a decrease in 1980 to 10,860 but increased to 12,073 by 1990 and improved on that to 14,043 by 2000. Founded later, the National Basketball League had an average per game attendance of 1,158 in 1985, increased this to 4,551 by 1990, and kept attendance steady with 4,636 average fans per game in 2000.[98]

In March 1999, 104,000 fans attended a double header match in the National Rugby League at

Melbourne Victory averaged 27,728 people to their home matches throughout the season. The 2009–10 regular season was considerably lower.[101]

In 2019, the Australian Football League achieved its highest total attendance for any season of 7,594,302, a record for the competition, at an average attendance of 36,687 for each match.[102]

The Big Bash League (BBL) was established in 2011. The first season attracted an average of 18,021 spectators per match. In the 2014–15 season, the average attendance for each match was 23,590 with the Adelaide Strikers attracting a record average home crowd of 36,023 spectators each game.[103][104] The 2015 Cricket World Cup final was played in front of 93,013 spectators, a record crowd for a day of cricket in Australia. BBL in its sixth season in 2016–17, drew an average crowd in excess of 30,000 for the first time in history, with overall count crossing 1 million for 35 matches.

In April 2024, the 2023–24 A-League Women season set the record for the most attended season of any women's sport in Australian history, with the season recording a total attendance of 284,551 as of 15 April 2024.[105][106][107][108]

National League attendance of team sports - latest season (Bolded Competitions are Women's Leagues)
Competition Sport Total
spectatorship 		Average
attendance 		Year Ref
Australian Football League Australian football 8,139,464 36,396 2023 [109]
AFL Women's Australian football 283,922 2,868 2023
Big Bash League Cricket 1,212,696 15,999 2022-23 [110]
Women's Big Bash League Cricket 852,549 6,478
2022
A-League Men
Soccer
 1,309,087 7,982 2022–23
A-League Women
Soccer
 137,602 1,336
2022-23
Australian Baseball League Baseball 14,899 16,55
2022-23
National Rugby League Rugby league 3,266,295 16,685 2022 [111]
NRL Women's Rugby league 98,442 8,204 2022
National Basketball League
 Basketball 970,704 6,303
2022-23
 [112]
Women's National Basketball League Basketball 24,630 3,079 2022-23
Super Netball League
 		Netball 266,197 - 2023
Other Major Competitions/Leagues/Games attendance (Bolded Competitions are Women's Competitions)
Competition Sport Total

Spectatorship

Average Attendance Year Ref
AFLX AFLX - Australian Football 42,730 14,243 2018
E. J. Whitten Legends Game Australian Football 8,000 8,000 2018
JLT Community Series Australian Football 92,333 5,130 2018
Boxing Day Test Cricket (test cricket) 261,335 (88,173 Boxing Day) 52,267 2017
State Of Origin Rugby league 192,255 64,085 2022
Women's State Of Origin Rugby league 11,321 11,321 2022
The Rugby Championship Rugby union 433,657 36,138 2018
Super Rugby Rugby union 773,940 19,348 2012 [113]
Formula One Grand Prix Motorsport 419,114 (128,294 Race Day) - 2022
Total attendance by sport
Sport Total
spectatorship 		Average
attendance 		Year Ref
Australian football 7,254,478 18,554 2022 [114]
Rugby league 3,604,108 16,609 2022 [115]
Soccer
 2,502,789 13,242 2015–16 [116]
Cricket 1,756,131 24,734 2016–17 [117][118]
Basketball 1,073,643 7,304 2019–20 [119]
Rugby union 359,266 Not available 2022 [120]

Sports media

Media coverage of Australian sport and athletes predates 1876. The first all Australian sport publication, The Referee, was first published in 1886 in Sydney.

The Courier Mail, the Herald Sun and The West Australian.[121]

There is a long history of television coverage of sports in Australia. From 1957 to 2001, the Seven Network was the network for the Australian Football League. The only year that Seven was not the network for the league was in 1987 when the AFL was on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). An exclusive deal was agreed upon by Seven in 1976 for a five-year deal worth A$3 million.[122]

The media plays an important part in Australia's sporting landscape, with many sporting events televised or broadcast on radio. The government has

anti-siphoning laws to protect free-to-air stations. Beyond televising live events, there are many sport-related television and radio programs, as well as several magazine publications dedicated to sport. Australian sport has also been the subject of Australian-made films such as The Club, Australian Rules, The Final Winter and Footy Legends

World Series Cricket was a break away professional cricket competition staged between 1977 and 1979 and organised by Kerry Packer for his TV network, Nine. The matches ran in opposition to international cricket. It drastically changed the nature of cricket and its influence continues to be felt today.[123]

Not all sports have had favourable deals with networks. The first television offer for the National Basketball League was worth A$1 in an offered made by Seven that the league accepted. The deal made by

Ten Network to the New South Wales Rugby League was worth considerably more, worth A$48 million for a five-year deal that also included broadcasting rights for the State of Origin and the Australia national rugby league team. This deal was terminated early because the network could not afford to pay out.[124]

The 1967 NSWRFL season's grand final became the first football grand final of any code to be televised live in Australia. The Nine Network had paid $5,000 for the broadcasting rights.[125]

SBS and FoxSports are two of the most important television networks in Australia in terms of covering all Australian sports, not just the popular professional leagues.[121] Administrators for less popular spectator sports, such as basketball and netball, believe that getting additional television and newspaper coverage is fundamental for the growth and success of their sports going forward.[121]

Anti-siphoning laws in Australia regulate the media companies' access to significant sporting events. In 1992, when the country experienced growth in paid-subscription media, the Parliament of Australia enacted the Broadcasting Services Act that gave free-to-air broadcasters preferential access to acquire broadcasting rights to sporting events. The anti-siphoning list is a list of major sporting events that the Parliament of Australia has decided must be available for all Australians to see free of charge and cannot be "siphoned off" to pay TV where people are forced to pay to see them. The current anti-siphoning list came into effect in 2006 and expires 31 December 2010. The Minister for Communications can add or remove events from the list at his discretion. There are currently ten sports on the anti-siphoning list plus the Olympic and Commonwealth Games. Events on the anti-siphoning list are delisted 12 weeks before they start to ensure pay TV broadcasters have reasonable access to listed events, if free-to-air broadcasters decide not to purchase the broadcast rights for a particular event. Any rights to listed sporting events that are not acquired by free-to-air broadcasters are available to pay TV. For multi-round events where it is simply not possible for free-to-air networks to broadcast all matches within the event (e.g. the Australian Open) complementary coverage is available on pay television. The Federal Government is obliged by legislation to conduct a review of the list before the end of 2009. The current anti-siphoning list requires showing listed sports on the broadcaster's main channel.[126]

Rugby league, which includes NRL, State of Origin and national team matches, had the highest aggregate television ratings of any sport in 2022[127] (also 2009[128] and 2010.[129]) Also, in a world first, the Nine Network broadcast free-to-air the first match of the 2010 State of Origin series live in 3D in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria.[130][131] It has consistently been the most watched sport in the country over the last decade in terms of television ratings and is currently the most popular sport in Australia as at 2022.[132]

Stan Sport. Within a year of the deal starting, the Super Rugby Final had increased its ratings by 13-fold to 1.3 million, with Wallabies International games also experiencing growth.[134]

Ten in 2013 to broadcast the sport – a 118 per cent increase on the previous five-year contract.[135]

Network Ten. In 2013 Ten paid $100 million for BBL rights over five years, marking the channel's first foray in elite cricket coverage.[136] Fox Sports
had previously covered the Big Bash League.

Network Ten's BBL coverage has become a regular feature of Australian summers and last season attracted an average audience of more than 943,000 people nationally in 2014–15 season, including a peak audience of 1.9 million viewers for the final between the Perth Scorchers and Sydney Sixers.[137]

There are a number of Australian sport films. They include The Club. The film was based on a play produced in 1977, in Melbourne. It has been in the senior English syllabi for four Australian states for many years.[138] The film was written by David Williamson, directed by Bruce Beresford and starring John Howard, Jack Thompson, Graham Kennedy and Frank Wilson.[139] Another Australian sport film is The Final Winter, released in 2007. It was directed by Brian Andrews and Jane Forrest and produced by Anthony Coffee, and Michelle Russell, while independently produced it is being distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was written by Matt Nable who also starred as the lead role 'Grub' Henderson. The film, which earned praise from critics,[140] focuses around Grub who is the captain of the Newtown Jets football team in the early 1980s and his determination to stand for what rugby league traditionally stood for while dealing with his own identity crisis.[141] Other Australian sport films include Australian Rules and Footy Legends.[142][143]

Sport is popular on the radio.

TAB betting information.[145]

There are a number of Australian sport magazines. One is the

Roy Morgan Research estimates that the Record has a weekly readership of over 200,000.[146] As of 2009, the week's records are published and are able to be viewed in an online magazine format.[147] Another Australian sporting magazine is Australia's Surfing Life, a monthly magazine about surfing published in Australia. It features articles about surf trips in Australia and overseas, surfing technique, board design and wetsuits. The magazine was founded in 1985.[148]

International competitions

Australian national baseball team during the 2013 World Baseball Classic
.

Australian representative teams participate in many international competitions, such as the

Hockey World Cup
.

The Australian national cricket team have participated in every edition of the Cricket World Cup. Australia have been the most successful in the event, winning the tournament six times out of thirteen editions held.[149]

The Australian national rugby league team have also participated in every edition of the Rugby League World Cup. Australia have been very successful in the event, winning the tournament a record 12 times.[150]

The Australian national rugby union team have participated in every Rugby World Cup. Australia have been very successful in the tournament, winning it two times[151] despite it not being the most popular sport in Australia.

Australia's women have repeatedly won at the highest level. The Australian national netball team have won the Netball World Cup a record 11 times.[152] The Australian women's national cricket team have won the Women's Cricket World Cup a record five times.[153] The Australian women's national field hockey team have won the gold medal at the Olympics and the Women's Hockey World Cup three and two times respectively.[154][155]

The Australia women's national basketball team, known as the Opals, regularly compete well against the world elite at the FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup, having won the event in 2006, finished second in 2018 and finished third three times, and at the Summer Olympics Basketball Tournament, where they have won silver medals three times and bronze medals twice.[156]

2014 Basketball World Cup

The

1980 and 2004 and, after moving to the Asian Football Confederation in 2005, the AFC Asian Cup in 2015. The Australia women's national soccer team, the Matildas, have appeared in all FIFA Women's World Cups except the first in 1991. They have advanced past the group stage in each of the last four editions of the competition (2007, 2011, 2015 and 2019), losing in the quarter-finals in the first three of these editions and the round of 16 in 2019. In 2015, they became the first senior Australian national team of either sex to win a World Cup knockout stage match, specifically in the round of 16, newly instituted for the Women's World Cup in that year. The Matildas have also enjoyed success at the AFC Women's Asian Cup, advancing at least to the semi-finals in all five competitions since joining the AFC in 2006 and winning in 2010. Australia co-hosted the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup alongside New Zealand, finishing with a best-ever fourth place result. [160]

Australia are the most successful side at the Underwater Hockey World Championships, winning 25 titles including 11 men's elite championships and 8 women's elite championships.

Australia has also hosted a number of major international sporting events, including the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics. The country also regularly hosts a major tennis Grand Slam event, the Australian Open, an FIA Formula One World Championship round (Australian Grand Prix), motorcycle MotoGP round (Australian motorcycle Grand Prix), as well as rounds of the Superbike World Championship, World Rally Championship alongside major domestically created, internationally recognised events including the Melbourne Cup and the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race.[44]

Australia has hosted the 1992 Cricket World Cup and the 2015 Cricket World Cup along with New Zealand.[161] The 2015 Cricket World Cup generated more than A$1.1 billion in direct spending, created the equivalent of 8,320 full-time jobs, and had a total of 2 million bed nights across the two host countries.[162] Australia has also hosted the 2003 Rugby World Cup, with the event generating around A$1 billion in economic activity while bringing in 2 million visitors to the country.[163]

The

1868 Aboriginal cricket tour of England was the first tour by any sports team from Australia.[164]
[165]

Olympics

See also: Australia at the Olympics
graph
Australia's Olympic medal totals
Australian track cyclists Jack Bobridge, Anna Meares and Shane Kelly.

The Olympic movement in Australia started out during the 1900s and 1910s. The first organisations for the Olympics in Australia came out of the athletics governance system and resulted in the creation of state based Olympic committees. The first national governing body for Australian Olympics was created in 1914 and was a joint effort with New Zealand though New Zealand was a less than able partner. The movement in Australia then stagnated as a result of the

Australian Olympic Federation. The early goals of the organisation were to ratify team selection and to fundraise to assist Olympians in paying for their travel to compete at the Games. By the 1980s, the organisation had issues on the international level as the IOC wanted them to re-structure; until this time, the organisation followed governance models similar to that of other Australian sporting organisations with a federated model of governance. Changes were made the organisation ended up with an executive board with a president, two vice presidents, a secretary general and a 14-member executive board which had 10 elected members, 4 IOC members and 2 members of the Athlete's Commission.[166]

Australia has hosted the Olympics twice, in 1956 in Melbourne and in 2000 in Sydney. These were the first Games hosted in the southern hemisphere.[167][168][169] Brisbane will host the 2032 Summer Games.[170]

Australia has been influential in the Olympic movement, with four Australian representatives who are members of the International Olympic Committee.[166]

The government has provided monetary support for the Olympics. In the lead up to the 1924 Games, they provided 3,000 pounds and in 1936 provided 2,000 pounds. This support was seen as a way of supporting national identity, but no formal system existed for the funding wider sport at the time.[171]

The 1956 Games were the first time Australia had an

1956 Melbourne Olympics: swimmers like Shane Gould, Dawn Fraser, Ian Thorpe, Kieren Perkins and Ariarne Titmus have taken multiple gold medals.[172]

Australia performed relatively poorly at the 1976 Summer Olympics. This upset the nation as it challenged a fundamental part of Australian identity. The following Olympics, the 1980 Summer Olympics, some Australian sports sat out as part of a boycott[54][173] and the country earned only nine medals, two of them gold, in Moscow.[174] To prevent a recurrence of this, the Australian Institute of Sport was created to help improve Australia's medal tally at the Games.[174][173]

Channel Seven had exclusive Australian

SBS Television. Seven broadcast the opening and closing ceremonies and mainstream sports, including swimming, athletics, rowing, cycling, and gymnastics. In contrast, SBS TV provided complementary coverage focused on long-form events such as soccer, road cycling, volleyball, and table tennis.[175]

Paralympics

See also: Australia at the Paralympics
Swimmers posed in a group shot around the edge of a pool
Australian swimmers at the training pool at the 1996 Atlanta Paralympic Games

Australia has attended every Summer Paralympics and hosted the

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.[177] A team of 161 members was sent to the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London.[178]

Commonwealth Games

See also: Australia at the Commonwealth Games

Australians take the Commonwealth Games seriously because, on one level of national thinking, the event offers the country an opportunity to prove they are superior to the "original country", the United Kingdom.[25][179][180][181] By the 1938 British Empire Games, Australia's combined medal total was already greater than that of the Home Nations tallies combined. Australia would go on to beat England in total medals at the Commonwealth Games in 1950, 1962, 1970, 1974 and 1982.[25] This rivalry with England continued to be an important component of the games up until the mid 2010s.[180][181] Since then the importance of the Commonwealth Games has declined in the minds of the Australian public, due to the decreasing relevance of the Commonwealth in Australia as well as the perceived lack of competition. The Olympics Games has now become the primary way for Australians to measure themselves against the world.[182]

Events

January

February - August

March - August

March - September

March - November

June

  • A-League Grand Final

June - July

July - October

August - November

September

September - February

  • One-Day Cup

September - March

October

October - November

October - January

October - March

October - April

November

November - February

December - January

See also

By demographic

By social and cultural context

By sport

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Bibliography

External links

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