Sport in Israel
Sport in Israel plays an important role in
The government's support and budgeting of sports in Israel is relatively low in comparison to other western countries. However, many Israeli athletes and teams managed to gain international success. The
History
Jewish physical fitness was promoted in the 19th century by Max Nordau and his concept of Muscular Judaism.[2] The Maccabiah Games, an Olympic-style event for Jewish athletes inaugurated in 1932[3] is held every fours years.[4]
In 1964, Israel hosted and won the AFC Asian Cup.[5] In 1970, the Israel national football team qualified for the FIFA World Cup, which was considered a major achievement for Israeli football.[6] Israel was excluded from the 1978 Asian Games due to Arab pressure.[7]
Major sports
Football
Football (Hebrew : כדורגל, Kaduregel) is the most popular sport in Israel. The sport is governed by Israel Football Association. It joined the Asian Football Confederation in 1954, but was expelled in 1974 due to political pressure from Arab and Muslim members in the context of the Arab–Israeli conflict. It was admitted to UEFA as an associate member in 1992 and as a full member in 1994, therefore their teams compete as part of Europe in all international competitions.
The matches that draw the largest crowds are those of the
Israeli teams were also qualified five times to the UEFA Champions League group stage, including Maccabi Haifa in the 2002–03 and 2009–10 seasons, Maccabi Tel Aviv in the 2004–05 and 2015–16 seasons and Hapoel Tel Aviv in the 2010–11 season.
The
Famous matches of the Israeli football team include the 3–2 win in
Successful Israeli players who also played outside Israel include
.Notable Israeli players have included:
- Dudu Aouate, Israel, goalkeeper (RCD Mallorca & national team)[8]
- Tal Ben Haim, Israel, center back/right back (Chelsea, Manchester City & national team captain)[9]
- West Ham & national team captain)[10]
- Avi Cohen, Israel, defender (Liverpool, Rangers, Maccabi Tel Aviv & national team)
- Yaniv Katan, Israel, forward/winger (Maccabi Haifa & national team)[12]
- Eli Ohana, Israel, won UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and Bravo Award (most outstanding young player in Europe); national team; manager[11]
- Haim Revivo, Israel, attacking/side midfielder (Celta Vigo, Fenerbahçe & national team)[11]
- Giora Spiegel, Israel, midfielder (Israel national team)
- Mordechai Spiegler, Soviet Union/Israel, striker (Israel national team), manager[11]
- Yochanan Vollach, Israel, defender (Maccabi Haifa & Israel national team)
Basketball
Basketball (כדורסל, Kadursal) is the second most popular sport in Israel.
The
Israeli basketball is known for its
The renowned "Israeli coaching school" produced many of the most successful European basketball coaches, such as Ralph Klein, Pini Gershon, David Blatt, and Zvi Sherf.
Deni Avdija is an active player in the NBA, Omri Casspi previously played in the NBA. Gal Mekel, previously played in the NBA and Shay Doron previously played in the WNBA.[14] David Blatt coached the NBA Cleveland Cavaliers. Other notable Israeli basketball players have included:
- Moshe "Miki" Berkovich, Israel, Euroleague, 6'4" shooting guard[15]
- Oded Kattash, Israel, Euroleague, 6'4" shooting guard[16]
- Doron Sheffer, Israel, NCAA, Euroleague, 6'5" point guard[17]
- Nadav Henefeld, Israel, NCAA, Eurolegue, 6'7 power forward[18]
- Tal Brody, US & Israel, Euroleague 6' 2" shooting guard[19]
- Lior Eliyahu, Israel, 6' 9" power forward, NBA draft 2006 (Orlando Magic; traded to Houston Rockets)[20]
- Yotam Halperin, Israel, 6' 5" guard, drafted in 2006 NBA draft by Seattle SuperSonics[21]
- Omri Casspi, Israel, 6' 9" power forward, drafted in 2009 NBA draft by Sacramento Kings[11]
- Gal Mekel, Israel, 6' 3" guard, drafted in 2009 NBA draft by Dallas Mavericks[22]
- Deni Avdija, Israel, 6' 9" power forward, drafted in 2019 NBA draft by Washington Wizards[23]
Baseball
Baseball was first introduced into the region on July 4, 1927, when baseball equipment was distributed at the Sephardic Orphanage in Jerusalem.
The Israel Baseball League, managed by Larry Baras, was established in 2007.[24] It was the first professional baseball league in the Middle East. In its first and only season it had six teams that played in three stadiums. The first and only champions were the Bet Shemesh Blue Sox managed by Ron Blomberg.
The Israel national baseball team applied, unsuccessfully, to participate in the 2009 World Baseball Classic. They were subsequently invited to participate in the newly created qualifying round of the 2013 World Baseball Classic. During the 2017 World Baseball Classic qualifier Israel qualified for the main tournament and finished in sixth place.
Team Israel won the 2019 European Baseball Championship – B-Pool in early July 2019 in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria, winning all five of its games. It thus advanced to the playoffs against Team Lithuania in the 2019 Playoff Series at the end of July 2019 for the last qualifying spot for the 2019 European Baseball Championship.[25] Israel won the best-of-three playoff series 2–0, and thereby qualified for the 2019 European Baseball Championship.
In Round 1 of the 2019 European Baseball Championship, Israel went 4–1. The team thereby advanced to the Championship's eight-team playoffs.[26] In the Championship playoffs, Israel defeated Team France in the quarterfinals, lost to Team Italy in the semi-finals, and came in fourth.[27]
Because Team Israel finished in the top five in the 2019 European Baseball Championship, it earned the right to participate in the 2020 Olympics qualifiers Africa/Europe Qualifying Event. As the winner of that tournament it qualified to be one of the six national teams that competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.
Every member of the 24-member Team Israel that competed to qualify in the Olympics was Israeli, with four of the players native-born.[28] The others made aliyah to Israel, under Israel's Law of Return, which gives anyone with a Jewish parent or grandparent or who is married to a Jew the right to return to Israel and be granted Israeli citizenship.[28]
Chess
While chess, as an intellectual sport, has always been played in Israel, the arrival of large numbers of Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union in the 1990s brought many chess grandmasters to Israel and increased interest in the game. Boris Gelfand is the 2009 World Cup winner.
Swimming
The country's first swimming pool was built in 1933 as part of the
Rowing
Rowing is a growing sport in Israel, and has seen a major breakthrough in recent years. Dani Fridman, Israel Champion, is currently ranked 10th in the world, and Moran Samuel is Israel's 1st rowing world champion[30] (paralympic). Samuel, won her first Paralympic bronze medal, after coming 3rd at the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympics. Other Rio 2016 participants are Yulia Chernoy and Reuven Magnagey, who rowed together in a double scull boat and finished 9th.
The Daniel Rowing Centre in Tel Aviv is Israel's prime training facility, and the home of the national Olympic and Paralympic squad. The sport is practiced in Tel Aviv Yarkon River, Kishon Port of Haifa and Tiberius Sea of Galilee.
Other prominent athletes are Oleg Gonorovski, Tomer Shvartsman, Roni Iuster and Diana Egerton-Warburton.
The Israeli Rowing Federation is an active member of the
Tennis
Highly ranked players include
Track and field
Track and field
).On August 5, 2022, Israeli-born Blessing Afrifah won the gold medal in the 200 meter race at the World Athletics U20 Championships.[32]
Marathons
Long-distance running is popular in Israel. The Tiberias Marathon, Tel Aviv Marathon, and the Jerusalem Marathon take place annually in January, February, and March respectively.[33] Another half marathon is held annually at Ein Gedi, near the Dead Sea.[34] There are various other shorter distance races over the course of the year through very different regions and terrains.
Minor sports
American football
The center of American football in Israel is the
In 2015 the Israel national American football team had their first international game, in the qualifier for the European Championship.[39]
Boxing
In Israel, boxing is not just a sport but an educational vehicle for helping young people overcome prejudices. The Israel Boxing Association (IBA) operates certified gyms in cities throughout the country, with 1,800 active members from Arab villages and Ethiopian and Russian immigrant population centers. Boxers as young as 11 train and participate in matches organized by the association. Israeli
Adi Rotem of
Canoeing
Michael Kolganov, a Soviet (Uzbek)-born Israeli sprint canoer, has been a world champion and won an Olympic bronze in the K-1 500-meter.
Cricket
In the
In 1998, they finished ninth in the European Championship ahead of only Gibraltar and the following year travelled to Gibraltar to take part in a quadrangular tournament also involving France and Italy.
Israel have been playing in Division Two of the European Championships since 2000, finishing fifth in 2000, fourth in 2002, sixth in 2004 and seventh in 2006.
In November 2007, Israel were defeated in a relegation match against Croatia, in the first international cricket game played in Israel. The loss meant that they were relegated from Europe Division Two to Europe Division Three. In 2009 they were re-promoted to second division with a win over Croatia.
At the 2016 ICC Europe Division Two tournament Israel finished fourth, behind Germany, Sweden, and Spain
There is a night cricket league playing a modified form of indoor cricket.[45]
Curling
Israel national men's curling team has been competing as part of the European playdowns since 2014. Israel has sent teams to the world mixed, world mixed doubles and world men's seniors competitions as well.
Equestrian
Notable Israeli equestrians include:
- Daniel Bluman (born 1990), Colombian-born Israeli Olympic show jumping rider
Fencing
Notable Israeli fencers have included:
- Boaz Ellis (foil), five-time Israeli champion[11]
- Delila Hatuel (foil), Olympian, ranked ninth in the world[46]
- Lydia Hatuel-Czuckermann (foil), 20x Israeli champion[47][48]
- Noam Mills (épée), female Olympic fencer, junior world champion[49]
- Ayelet Ohayon (foil), European champion[50]
- Yuval Freilich (épée), European champion (2019)
- Andre Spitzer, killed by terrorists[51]
Figure skating
Israel has one regulation
Other notable Israeli skaters include:
- Alexei Beletski, Ukrainian-born Israeli, ice dancer, Olympian[55]
- Natalia Gudina, Ukrainian-born Israeli, figure skater, Olympian[56]
- Tamar Katz, US-born Israeli, figure skater[57]
- Lionel Rumi, Israel, ice dancer
- Michael Shmerkin, Soviet-born Israeli, figure skater[58]
Golf
Israel has a single 18-hole
Gymnastics
Israeli gymnast Neta Rivkin won a silver medal in the Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships held in Minsk in 2011, to become the first gymnast of the country to win a medal at the European Championships.[62] Rivkin also won the first world medal for Israel in rhythmic gymnastics at the World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships held in Montpellier, France in 2011, and she won the bronze medal at the hoop final. The Israeli rhythmic gymnastic group also won the bronze medal at the event final of 3 ribbons and 2 hoops at the World Championships in Montpellier.
Linoy Ashram became the first Israeli rhythmic gymnast to win an individual all-around medal at the 2017 World Championships. She is the most decorated Israeli rhythmic gymnast, with 6 silver and 5 bronze medals at the World Championships (2017, 2018, 2019), 2 bronze medals at the 2017 European Championships and 2 gold and 2 silver medals at the 2019 European Games and recently at the 2020 European Championships, she won the gold medal in the Individual All-Around Event making her the first Israeli to win an All Around gold medal in the European Championships.[63]
In 2013, Alexander Shatilov won a gold medal at the European championship in gymnastics in Moscow, Russia.[64] In 2017, Artem Dolgopyat, an Israeli artistic gymnast, won a silver medal at the World Championships. In 2021, Artem Dolgopyat, an Israeli artistic gymnast, won a gold medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics.[65]
Handball
Israel's men's national handball team participated in the 2002 European Men's Handball Championship in Sweden. Local power Hapoel Rishon Lezion qualified for the quarterfinals of the EHF Champions League in 2000.
Ice hockey
Ice hockey started in Israel in 1986 when the first rink opened in
Notable players have included:
- Eliezer Sherbatov, Israel, left wing (Israel men's national ice hockey team)[66]
- Max Birbraer, Russian from Kazakhstan; lived & played in Israel; 1st Israeli drafted by NHL team (New Jersey Devils)[67]
- Oren Eizenman (Israel national team)[11]
Lacrosse
Lacrosse is the country's fastest growing sport.[68]
The Israel men's national lacrosse team has competed in the European Lacrosse Championships in 2012 finishing in 8th place, and in 2016 finished 2nd. Additionally they finished 7th at the World Lacrosse Championship in 2014.
Domestically, there are two men's clubs and one women's club that operate within Israel.[69]
Martial arts
Capoeira clubs operate in various locations in Israel.[70]
is a world champion kickboxer.Judo is one of the five sports in which Israeli athletes have won Olympic medals. It is the most successful Israeli sport at the Olympics providing five of the nine Olympic medals Israel has won. In 2013, Yarden Gerbi won a gold medal at the Judo World Championships, and in 2016 she won a bronze medal at the Olympics.[73] Other notable Israeli judokas include:
- Yael Arad, Israel, Olympic silver (light-middleweight)[74]
- Daniela Krukower, Israel/Argentina, world champion (under 63 kg)[11]
- Sagi Muki, Israel, World Judo Championships gold (half-middleweight)[75]
- Alice Schlesinger, Israel, World Judo Championships bronze; European junior champion (under 63 kg)[14]
- Oren Smadja, Israel, Olympic bronze (lightweight)[76]
- Ehud Vaks, Israel, (half-lightweight)[77]
- Arik Ze'evi, Israel, Olympic bronze (100 kg)[74]
Motorsport
The Israel Motor-Sport Association was founded in 1990. It has organised rally, autocross, rallycross and drag racing competitions.
Auto racing was legalized in 2011. A 1.5 km permanent racetrack was opened in Port of Eilat, where Formula Israel competitions are held.
Notable Israeli drivers include Chanoch Nissany (Formula One test-driver),[11] Roy Nissany and Alon Day.
Netball
Rugby
The women's rugby league in Israel consists of two teams in Tel Aviv, two in Haifa and one each in Jerusalem, Galilee and Ra’anana. An eighth club is scheduled to open in Beersheba in October 2019.[79]
Kibbutz Yizre'el has been a big centre of Rugby in Israel after a group of South African Olim made a push to make the game bigger in the country.[80]
Softball
The Israel Softball Association[81] (fastpitch) was established in 1979 by a group of immigrants from North and South America. The Israel Softball Association is a registered Non Profit Organization which is recognized by the Sports Authorities in Israel and is a member of "Ayelet" – the Israeli Association of Non-Olympic Competitive Sports. The activities conducted by the Israel Softball Association have assisted in the social integration of immigrants countrywide, and today its members also include many native Israelis. The Association consists of 10 men's teams Divided into A Pool and B Pool, 3 women's teams,21 junior boys teams and 4 junior girls teams. The Israeli National Teams represent the country in European Championships and other International Competitions.
Water polo
Both men and women competed at the 2022 European Championships.[82][83] By virture of its performance at the 2022 European Championships, the women's side qualified for the 2023 World Championships, being the first time the team will compete in this tournament.[84] Israel will host the 2024 European Championships.[85]
Windsurfing
Israeli windsurfer Gal Fridman won two Olympic medals, gold and bronze, and was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.[86] Israeli windsurfer Shahar Tzuberi won a bronze medal at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing.[87] In March 2012, Israeli windsurfer Lee Korzits won the women's RS-X title in the Sailing World Championships for the third time in a row.[88] Israeli windsurfer Katy Spychakov won a silver medal in the Women's 2019 RS:X World Championships, and was an U21 winner in the Women's 2019 RS:X World Championships.[89][90][91][92]
Wrestling
Seven Israeli wrestlers competed at the 2010 Senior European Championship in
Underwater sports
Stand up paddle boarding
Maccabiah Games
The Maccabiah Games are an international Jewish athletic event, similar to the Olympics, held every four years in Israel. The first games were held in 1932.[96]
Boycotts and violence against Israeli sportsmen
Israeli athletes and teams are barred from some competitions.
Integration of Arab citizens in sports
Despite the country's political problems, Arab sportsmen have always been full participants in Israeli sports teams, contributing to Israel's success in the international arena, also playing in the
Olympic Games
Israel has won thirteen Olympic medals. Gal Fridman won Israel's first Olympic gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
Games | Sport | Event | Medal | Name | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1992 Barcelona | Judo | Women's -61 kg | Silver | Yael Arad | [104] |
Men's -71 kg | Bronze | Oren Smadja | [105] | ||
1996 Atlanta | Sailing | Men's sailboard | Bronze | Gal Fridman | [106] |
2000 Sydney | Canoeing | Men's K-1 500 metres | Bronze | Michael Kolganov | [107] |
2004 Athens | Sailing | Men's sailboard
|
Gold | Gal Fridman | [106] |
Judo | Men's -100 kg | Bronze | Ariel Zeevi
|
[108] | |
2008 Beijing | Sailing | Men's sailboard
|
Bronze | Shahar Tzuberi | [109] |
2016 Rio de Janeiro | Judo | Women's -63 kg | Bronze | Yarden Gerbi | [110] |
Men's +100 kg | Bronze | Or Sasson | [111] | ||
2020 Tokyo | Gymnastics | Men's floor | Gold | Artem Dolgopyat | [112] |
Gymnastics | Women's rhythmic individual all-around | Gold | Linoy Ashram | [113] | |
Taekwondo | Women's -49 kg | Bronze | Avishag Semberg | [114] | |
Judo | Mixed team | Bronze | Israel national judo team | [115] |
Sports media
The main football leagues air on Sport 1, Sport 2 (both owned by Charlton Broadcasting Company) and
Facebook page, Follow Team Israel, shares the news of Israeli sport to the world.[118][119][120]
See also
- List of Jews in sports
- Krav maga
- Hapoel
- Maccabi World Union
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- ^ "Olympics: Israeli Avishag Semberg wins bronze in taekwondo". The Jerusalem Post. 25 July 2021.
- ^ Katzir, Itamar (31 July 2021). "Israeli Mixed Judo Team Wins Bronze, Defeating Russia 4-1 at Tokyo Olympics". Haaretz.
- ^ Ahren, Raphael (Jan 21, 2011). "Nothing but (inter )net sports". Haaretz Newspaper (Israel). Retrieved September 6, 2012.
- ^ "Israel Sports Radio to launch Monday". Ynetnews. October 2, 2010 – via www.ynetnews.com.
- ^ "Nachum Features "Follow Team Israel" on JM in the AM". Nachum Segal. 20 June 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
- ^ "Israel is Sending its Biggest Delegation to the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo". No Camels. 16 October 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
- ^ "Israeli baseball team has sights set on 2020 Tokyo Olympics". From the Grapevine. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
External links
- Follow Team Israel – Sharing the stories of Israeli sport to the world
- TourTheIsrael – Israel bike racing organization
- The Israel Football Association
- Israel Basketball Association (in Hebrew)
- Sports Associations in Israel
- Sports in Israel – Photos by Lev Borodulin
- Sports in Israel - photos by Lev Borodulin
- Sport: Yishuv to the Present
- Israel Netball
- Stand up paddle boarding in Israel