Springfield, Illinois
Springfield | |
---|---|
Abraham Lincoln's Tomb | |
217/447 | |
FIPS code | 17-167-11046 |
GNIS feature ID | 2395940[3] |
Website | www |
Springfield is the
Springfield was settled by European-Americans in the late 1810s, around the time Illinois became a state. The most famous historic resident was Abraham Lincoln, who lived in Springfield from 1837 until 1861, when he went to the White House as President of the United States. Major tourist attractions include multiple sites connected with Lincoln including the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, Lincoln Home, Old State Capitol, Lincoln-Herndon Law Offices, and the Lincoln Tomb. Largely on the efforts of Lincoln and other area lawmakers, as well as its central location, Springfield was made the state capital in 1839.
Springfield lies in a valley and plain near the Sangamon River. Lake Springfield, a large reservoir owned by the municipal City Water, Light & Power company (CWLP), provides city residents with recreation and drinking water. Weather is fairly typical for middle latitude locations, with four distinct seasons.
The city has a
History
Pre-Civil War
Settlers originally named this community as "Calhoun", after Senator
The first cabin was built in 1820, by John Kelly, after discovering the area to be plentiful of deer and wild game. He built his cabin upon a hill, overlooking a creek known eventually as the Town Branch. A stone marker on the north side of Jefferson street, halfway between 1st and College streets, marks the location of this original dwelling. A second stone marker at the NW corner of 2nd and Jefferson, often mistaken for the original home site, marks instead the location of the first county courthouse, which was later built on Kelly's property. In 1821, Calhoun was designated as the county seat of Sangamon County due to its location, fertile soil and trading opportunities.
Settlers from Kentucky, Virginia, and North Carolina came to the developing settlement.[13] By 1832, Senator Calhoun had fallen out of the favor with the public and the town renamed itself as Springfield.[14] According to local history, the name was suggested by the wife of John Kelly, after Spring Creek, which ran through the area known as "Kelly's Field".[15]
Kaskaskia was the first capital of the Illinois Territory from its organization in 1809, continuing through statehood in 1818, and through the first year as a state in 1819. Vandalia was the second state capital of Illinois, from 1819 to 1839. Springfield was designated in 1839 as the third capital, and has continued to be so. The designation was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Lincoln and his associates; nicknamed the "Long Nine" for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m).[13][14]
The
Abraham Lincoln arrived in the Springfield area in 1831 when he was a young man, but he did not live in the city until 1837.
In 1837, Lincoln moved to Springfield, where he lived and worked for the next 24 years as a lawyer and politician. Lincoln delivered his Lyceum address in Springfield. His farewell speech when he left for Washington is a classic in American oratory.[16]
Historian Kenneth J. Winkle (1998) examines the historiography concerning the development of the Second Party System (Whigs versus Democrats). He applied these ideas to the study of Springfield, a strong Whig enclave in a Democratic region. He chiefly studied poll books for presidential years. The rise of the Whig Party took place in 1836 in opposition to the presidential candidacy of Martin Van Buren and was consolidated in 1840. Springfield Whigs tend to validate several expectations of party characteristics as they were largely native-born, either in New England or Kentucky, professional or agricultural in occupation, and devoted to partisan organization. Abraham Lincoln's career reflects the Whigs' political rise but, by the 1840s, Springfield began to be dominated by Democratic politicians. Waves of new European immigrants had changed the city's demographics and they became aligned with the Democrats, who made more effort to assist and connect with them. By the 1860 presidential election, Lincoln was barely able to win his home city.[17]
Population
Winkle earlier had studied the effect of migration on residents' political participation in Springfield during the 1850s.[18] Widespread migration in the 19th-century United States produced frequent population turnover within Midwestern communities, which influenced patterns of voter turnout and office-holding. Examination of the manuscript census, poll books, and office-holding records reveals the effects of migration on the behavior and voting patterns of 8,000 participants in 10 elections in Springfield. Most voters were short-term residents who participated in only one or two elections during the 1850s. Fewer than 1% of all voters participated in all 10 elections.[18]
Instead of producing political instability, however, rapid turnover enhanced the influence of the more stable residents.[18] Migration was selective by age, occupation, wealth, and birthplace. Longer-term or "persistent" voters, as he terms them, tended to be wealthier, more highly skilled, more often native-born, and socially more stable than non-persisters. Officeholders were particularly persistent and socially and economically advantaged. Persisters represented a small "core community" of economically successful, socially homogeneous, and politically active voters and officeholders who controlled local political affairs, while most residents moved in and out of the city. Members of a tightly knit and exclusive "core community", exemplified by Abraham Lincoln, blunted the potentially disruptive impact of migration on local communities.[18]
Business
The case of John Williams illustrates the important role of the merchant banker in the economic development of central Illinois before the Civil War. Williams began his career as a clerk in frontier stores and saved to begin his own business. Later, in addition to operating retail and wholesale stores, he acted as a local banker. He organized a national bank in Springfield. He was active in railroad promotion and as an agent for farm machinery.[19]
Religion
During the mid-19th century, the spiritual needs of German
The seminary moved to
Civil War to 1900
Springfield became a major center of activity during the American Civil War. Illinois regiments trained there, the first ones under Ulysses S. Grant. He led his soldiers to a remarkable series of victories in 1861–62. The city was a political and financial center of Union support. New industries, businesses, and railroads were constructed to help support the war effort.[14] The war's first official death was a Springfield resident, Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth.
Camp Butler, located seven miles (11 km) northeast of Springfield, Illinois, opened in August 1861 as a training camp for Illinois soldiers. It also served as a camp for Confederate prisoners of war through 1865. In the beginning, Springfield residents visited the camp to take part in the excitement of a military venture, but many reacted sympathetically to mortally wounded and ill prisoners. While the city's businesses prospered from camp traffic, drunken behavior and rowdiness on the part of the soldiers stationed there strained relations. Neither civil nor military authorities proved able to control disorderly outbreaks.[21]
After the war ended in 1865, Springfield became a major hub in the Illinois railroad system. It was a center of government and farming. By 1900 it was also invested in coal mining and processing.[14]
20th century
Utopia
Local poet Vachel Lindsay's notions of utopia were expressed in his only novel, The Golden Book of Springfield (1920), which draws on ideas of anarchistic socialism in projecting the progress of Lindsay's hometown toward utopia.[22]
The Dana–Thomas House is a Frank Lloyd Wright design built in 1902–03. Wright began work on the house in 1902. Commissioned by Susan Lawrence Dana, a local patron of the arts and public benefactor, Wright designed a house to harmonize with the owner's devotion to the performance of music. Coordinating art glass designs for 250 windows, doors, and panels as well as over 200 light fixtures, Wright enlisted Oak Park artisans. The house is a radical departure from Victorian architectural traditions. Covering 12,000 square feet (1,100 m2), the house contained vaulted ceilings and 16 major spaces. As the nation was changing, so Wright intended this structure to reflect the changes. Creating an organic and natural atmosphere, Wright saw himself as an "architect of democracy" and intended his work to be a monument to America's social landscape.[23]
It is the only historic site later acquired by the state exclusively because of its architectural merit. The structure was opened to the public as a museum house in September 1990; tours are available, 9:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m. Wednesdays through Sundays.[23][24][25]
1908 race riot
Sparked by the alleged rape of a white woman by a black man and the murder of a white engineer, supposedly also by a black man, in Springfield, and reportedly angered by the high degree of corruption in the city, rioting broke out on August 14, 1908, and continued for three days in a period of violence known as the Springfield race riot. Gangs of white youth and blue-collar workers attacked the predominantly black areas of the city known as the Levee district, where most black businesses were located, and the Badlands, where many black residences stood. At least sixteen people died as a result of the riot: nine black residents, and seven white residents who were associated with the mob, five of whom were killed by state militia and two committed suicide. The riot ended when the governor sent in more than 3,700 militiamen to patrol the city, but isolated incidents of white violence against blacks continued in Springfield into September.[26]
21st century
On March 12, 2006, two F2 tornadoes hit the city, injuring 24 people, damaging hundreds of buildings, and causing $150 million in damages.[27]
On February 10, 2007, then-senator
Geography
Located within the
Topography
The city is at an elevation of 558 feet (170 m)
The majority of the Lower Illinois
Lake Springfield is a 4,200-acre (1,700 ha) human-made reservoir owned by City Water, Light & Power,[33] the largest municipally owned utility in Illinois.[34] It was built and filled in 1935 by damming Lick Creek, a tributary of the Sangamon River which flows past Springfield's northern outskirts.[35] The lake is used primarily as a source for drinking water for the city of Springfield, also providing cooling water for the condensers at the power plant on the lake. It attracts approximately 600,000 visitors annually and its 57 miles (92 km) of shoreline is home to over 700 lakeside residences and eight public parks.[33]
The term "full pool" describes the lake at 560 feet (170 m) above sea level and indicates the level at which the lake begins to flow over the dam's spillway, if no gates are opened.[35] Normal lake levels are generally somewhere below full pool, depending upon the season. During the drought from 1953 to 1955, lake levels dropped to their historical low, 547.44 feet (166.86 m) AMSL.[35] The highest recorded lake levels were in December 1982, when the lake crested at 564 feet (172 m).[35]
Climate
Under the
From 1971 to 2000, NOAA data showed that Springfield's annual mean temperature increased slightly to 52.7 °F (11.5 °C). During that period, July averaged 76.3 °F (24.6 °C), while January averaged 25.1 °F (−3.8 °C).
From 1981 to 2010, NOAA data showed that Springfield's annual mean temperature increased slightly to 53.1 °F (11.7 °C). During that period, July averaged 76.0 °F (24.4 °C), while January averaged 26.9 °F (−2.8 °C).
On June 14, 1957, a tornado hit Springfield, killing two people.
Climate data for Springfield, Illinois (Abraham Lincoln Capital Airport), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1879–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 73 (23) |
80 (27) |
91 (33) |
90 (32) |
101 (38) |
104 (40) |
112 (44) |
108 (42) |
102 (39) |
93 (34) |
83 (28) |
74 (23) |
112 (44) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 58.1 (14.5) |
63.8 (17.7) |
74.9 (23.8) |
83.5 (28.6) |
89.5 (31.9) |
93.8 (34.3) |
94.5 (34.7) |
94.4 (34.7) |
91.9 (33.3) |
85.8 (29.9) |
72.0 (22.2) |
62.3 (16.8) |
96.5 (35.8) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 35.9 (2.2) |
41.1 (5.1) |
53.1 (11.7) |
65.6 (18.7) |
75.7 (24.3) |
84.0 (28.9) |
86.8 (30.4) |
85.4 (29.7) |
80.2 (26.8) |
67.4 (19.7) |
52.7 (11.5) |
40.7 (4.8) |
64.1 (17.8) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 27.9 (−2.3) |
32.4 (0.2) |
43.2 (6.2) |
54.4 (12.4) |
65.1 (18.4) |
73.7 (23.2) |
76.5 (24.7) |
74.9 (23.8) |
68.0 (20.0) |
56.0 (13.3) |
43.5 (6.4) |
32.9 (0.5) |
54.0 (12.2) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 19.9 (−6.7) |
23.7 (−4.6) |
33.2 (0.7) |
43.3 (6.3) |
54.4 (12.4) |
63.3 (17.4) |
66.2 (19.0) |
64.3 (17.9) |
55.8 (13.2) |
44.6 (7.0) |
34.2 (1.2) |
25.2 (−3.8) |
44.0 (6.7) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | −4.2 (−20.1) |
2.4 (−16.4) |
12.6 (−10.8) |
27.3 (−2.6) |
38.1 (3.4) |
49.4 (9.7) |
54.5 (12.5) |
52.4 (11.3) |
39.6 (4.2) |
26.6 (−3.0) |
16.3 (−8.7) |
4.1 (−15.5) |
−8.4 (−22.4) |
Record low °F (°C) | −22 (−30) |
−24 (−31) |
−12 (−24) |
16 (−9) |
28 (−2) |
39 (4) |
48 (9) |
43 (6) |
31 (−1) |
13 (−11) |
−3 (−19) |
−21 (−29) |
−24 (−31) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.03 (52) |
1.93 (49) |
2.76 (70) |
3.97 (101) |
4.52 (115) |
4.61 (117) |
3.85 (98) |
3.37 (86) |
2.86 (73) |
3.26 (83) |
2.71 (69) |
2.15 (55) |
38.04 (966) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 6.7 (17) |
6.1 (15) |
3.1 (7.9) |
0.3 (0.76) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
1.2 (3.0) |
4.3 (11) |
21.8 (55) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 9.7 | 8.9 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 12.6 | 10.6 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 7.3 | 9.1 | 8.8 | 9.0 | 114.7 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 5.2 | 4.2 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 16.3 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
73.4 | 74.0 | 71.3 | 65.3 | 65.6 | 66.6 | 70.4 | 74.0 | 71.9 | 68.4 | 73.8 | 77.6 | 71.0 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 160.7 | 158.7 | 186.5 | 225.8 | 281.2 | 308.0 | 320.7 | 291.0 | 248.4 | 214.0 | 140.2 | 129.3 | 2,664.5 |
Percent possible sunshine | 53 | 53 | 50 | 57 | 63 | 69 | 70 | 68 | 66 | 62 | 47 | 44 | 60 |
Source: |
Cityscape
Springfield proper is largely based on a grid street system, with numbered streets starting with the longitudinal First Street (which leads to the Illinois State Capitol) and leading to 32nd Street in the far eastern part of the city. Previously, the city had four distinct boundary streets: North, South, East, and West Grand Avenues. Since expansion, West Grand Avenue became MacArthur Boulevard and East Grand became 19th Street on the north side and 18th Street on the south side. 18th Street has since been renamed after Martin Luther King Jr.[44] North and South Grand Avenues (which run east–west) have remained important corridors in the city. At South Grand Avenue and Eleventh Street, the old "South Town District" lies, with the City of Springfield undertaking a significant redevelopment project there.
Latitudinal streets range from names of presidents in the downtown area to names of notable people in Springfield and Illinois to names of institutions of higher education, especially in the Harvard Park neighborhood.
Springfield has at least twenty separately designated
The Lincoln Park Neighborhood is an area bordered by 3rd Street on its west, Black Avenue on the north, 8th street on the east and North Grand Avenue. The neighborhood is not far from Lincoln's Tomb on Monument Avenue.[46]
Springfield completely surrounds four suburbs that have their own municipal governments: Jerome, Leland Grove, Southern View, and Grandview. It also surrounds various unincorporated enclaves, including the neighborhoods of Laketown and Cabbage Patch.[47]
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1840 | 2,579 | — | |
1850 | 4,533 | 75.8% | |
1860 | 9,320 | 105.6% | |
1870 | 17,364 | 86.3% | |
1880 | 19,743 | 13.7% | |
1890 | 24,963 | 26.4% | |
1900 | 34,159 | 36.8% | |
1910 | 51,678 | 51.3% | |
1920 | 59,183 | 14.5% | |
1930 | 71,864 | 21.4% | |
1940 | 75,503 | 5.1% | |
1950 | 81,628 | 8.1% | |
1960 | 83,271 | 2.0% | |
1970 | 91,753 | 10.2% | |
1980 | 99,637 | 8.6% | |
1990 | 105,227 | 5.6% | |
2000 | 111,454 | 5.9% | |
2010 | 116,250 | 4.3% | |
2020 | 114,394 | −1.6% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[48] |
2020 census
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000[49] | Pop 2010[50] | Pop 2020[51] | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH)
|
89,510 | 86,781 | 77,775 | 80.31% | 74.65% | 67.99% |
Black or African American alone (NH)
|
17,007 | 21,344 | 23,126 | 15.26% | 18.36% | 20.22% |
Alaska Native alone (NH)
|
203 | 205 | 191 | 0.18% | 0.18% | 0.17% |
Asian alone (NH) | 1,612 | 2,538 | 3,327 | 1.45% | 2.18% | 2.91% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 30 | 23 | 42 | 0.03% | 0.02% | 0.04% |
Some Other Race alone (NH) | 204 | 221 | 455 | 0.18% | 0.19% | 0.40% |
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) | 1,551 | 2,813 | 5,896 | 1.39% | 2.42% | 5.15% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 1,337 | 2,325 | 3,582 | 1.20% | 2.00% | 3.13% |
Total | 111,454 | 116,250 | 114,394 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
At the 2010 Census, 75.8% of the population was
As of the census
There were 48,621 households, out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.1% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.5% were non-families. 36.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $39,388, and the median income for a family was $51,298. Families with children had a higher income of about $69,437. Males had a median income of $36,864 versus $28,867 for females. The
Economy
Many of the jobs in the city center around state government, headquartered in Springfield. As of 2002, the State of Illinois is both the city and county's largest employer, employing 17,000 people across Sangamon County.
Largest employers
According to the city's 2021 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[57] the largest employers in the city are:
No. | Employer | Employees |
---|---|---|
1 | State of Illinois | 17,800 |
2 | Memorial Health System
|
5,238 |
3 | Hospital Sisters Health System | 4,434 |
4 | Springfield Clinic | 2,449 |
5 | Springfield Public Schools | 2,130 |
6 | University of Illinois Springfield | 1,642 |
7 | Southern Illinois University School of Medicine | 1,470 |
8 | City of Springfield | 1,410 |
9 | Horace Mann Educators Corporation | 1,066 |
10 | BlueCross BlueShield
|
900 |
Arts and culture
Springfield has been home to a wide array of individuals, who, in one way or another, contributed to the broader American culture. Wandering poet Vachel Lindsay, most famous for his poem "The Congo" and a booklet called "Rhymes to be Traded for Bread", was born in Springfield in 1879.[58] At least two notable people affiliated with American business and industry have called the Illinois state capital home at one time or another. Both
A
Literary tradition
Springfield and the Sangamon Valley enjoy a strong literary tradition in
Performing arts
The Hoogland Center for the Arts in downtown Springfield is a centerpiece for performing arts, and houses among other organizations the Springfield Theatre Centre, the Copper Coin Ballet Company, and the Springfield Municipal Opera, also known as The Muni, which stages community theatre productions of Broadway musicals outdoors each summer. Before being purchased and renamed, the Hoogland Center was Springfield's Masonic Temple. Prior to the Hoogland, the Springfield Theatre Centre was housed in the nearby Legacy Theatre. Sangamon Auditorium, located on the campus of the University of Illinois Springfield also serves as a larger venue for musical and performing acts, both touring and local.
A few films have been created or had elements of them created in Springfield. Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde was filmed in Springfield in 2003.
Musicians Artie Matthews and Morris Day both once called Springfield home.[65][66]
Springfield is also home to long-running underground all-ages space The Black Sheep Cafe.[67]
Festivals
Springfield is home to the annual Springfield Old Capitol Art Fair, a spring festival held annually in the third weekend in May.[68] Since 2002, Springfield has also hosted the 'Route 66 Film Festival', set to celebrate films routed in, based on, or taking part on the famous Route 66.[69][70]
Tourism
Springfield is known for some popular food items: the corn dog is claimed to have been invented in the city under the name "Cozy Dog", although there is some debate to the origin of the snack.[71][72] The horseshoe sandwich, not well known outside of central Illinois, also originated in Springfield.[73] Springfield was once the site of the Reisch Beer brewery, which operated for 117 years under the same name and family from 1849 to 1966.[74]
The
Springfield is dotted with sites associated with U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, who started his political career there.
The Donner Party, a group of pioneers who resorted to cannibalism while snowbound during a winter in the Sierra Nevada mountains, began their journey West from Springfield.[81] Springfield's Dana–Thomas House is among the best preserved and most complete of Frank Lloyd Wright's early "Prairie" houses.[82] It was built in 1902–1904 and has many of the furnishings Wright designed for it.[82] Springfield's Washington Park is home to Thomas Rees Memorial Carillon and the site of a carillon festival, held annually since 1962.[83] In August, the city is the site of the Illinois State Fair at the Illinois State Fairgrounds.
Although not born in Springfield, Lincoln is the city's most famous resident. He lived there for 24 years.[16] The only home he ever owned is open to the public, seven days a week, free of charge, and operated by the National Park Service.[16]
Springfield has the area's largest amusement park, Knight's Action Park and Caribbean Water Park, which is open from May to September. The park also features and operates the city's only remaining drive-in theater, the Route 66 Twin Drive-In.
Sports
team | League | Sport | Venue | Established | Championships |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Springfield A.S.C | USL League Two | Association football | Sacred Heart-Griffin High School | 2021 | 0 |
Springfield FC | Midwest Premier League | Association football | SASA Soccer Complex | 2011 | 0 |
Springfield Lucky Horseshoes | Prospect League | Baseball | Robin Roberts Stadium | 2008 | 1 |
Springfield Jr. Blues | North American Hockey League | Ice Hockey
|
Nelson Center | 1993 | 2 |
Capital City Hooligans | Men's Roller Derby Association | Men's Roller Derby
|
Skateland South | 2012 | N/A |
Historically, Springfield has been home to a number of
The city was the home of the
The city has produced several notable professional sports talents. Current and former
At the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Springfield native Ryan Held won a gold medal as a member of the USA 400-meter (4 X 100 meter) freestyle relay team along with Caeleb Dressel, Michael Phelps, and Nathan Adrian. During his senior year at Sacred-Heart Griffin High School in 2014, Held was named Illinois State Swimmer of the Year.[90]
Parks and recreation
The
In addition to the public-sector parks operated by the Springfield Park District, two significant privately operated tree gardens/arboretums operate within city limits: the Abraham Lincoln Memorial Garden on Lake Springfield south of the city, and the Adams Wildlife Sanctuary on Springfield's east side.
Government
Springfield city government is structured under the
Elected officials in the city, mayor, aldermen, city clerk, and treasurer, serve four-year terms.
Members
City elections are technically non partisan, however most candidates are affiliated with a political party.[94] As such, party affiliation is a matter of self identification.
Citywide positions | Officeholder | Party |
---|---|---|
Mayor | Misty Buscher | Republican |
Treasurer | Colleen Redpath Feger | Republican |
Clerk | Frank Lesko | Republican |
City council | Officeholder | Party |
Ward 1 | Chuck Redpath | Republican |
Ward 2 | Shawn Gregory | Democratic |
Ward 3 | Roy Williams Jr. | Democratic |
Ward 4 | Larry Rockford | Unknown |
Ward 5 | Lakeisha Purchase | Democratic |
Ward 6 | Jennifer Notariano | Democratic |
Ward 7 | Brad Carlson | Republican |
Ward 8 | Erin Conley | Democratic |
Ward 9 | Jim Donelean | Democratic |
Ward 10 | Ralph Hanauer | Republican |
State government
As the state capital, Springfield is home to the three branches of
As of 2020[update] none of the major constitutional officers in Illinois designated Springfield as their primary residence; most cabinet officers and all major constitutional officers instead primarily do their business in Chicago. A former director of the
According to Gauen, "Illinois seems rather unlikely to move its official capital to Chicago".[99]
Townships
The Capital Township formed from Springfield Township on July 1, 1877, and was established and named by the Sangamon County Board on March 6, 1878. The limits of the township and City of Springfield were made co-extensive on February 17, 1892, but are no longer so with subsequent annexation by the City of Springfield. There are three functions of this township: assessing property, collection first property tax payment, and assisting residents that live in the township. One thing that makes the Capital township unique is that the township never has to raise taxes for road work, since the roads are maintained by the Springfield Department of Public Works.[101][102]
In the 21st century Springfield annexed large parts of Springfield and Woodside townships. The annexed parcels remained part of their original townships despite being within the Springfield city limits.[2]
Law enforcement
The Springfield Police Department was founded in 1840 as part of the city charter. As of 2020, the police chief was Kenneth Scarlette and the department had 242 employees.
Springfield Police officer Samuel Rosario was arrested by the Illinois State Police on February 28, 2017, after fighting with a teenager on charges of official misconduct and battery. He was found guilty of official misconduct in August 2019.[103]
Education
Springfield is currently home to six public and private high schools.
The Springfield public school district is
Springfield's Sacred Heart-Griffin High School is a city Catholic high school.[105] Other area high schools include Calvary Academy and Lutheran High School.[106] Ursuline Academy was a second Catholic high school founded in 1857, first as an all-girls school, and converted to co-ed in 1981. The school was closed in 2007.
Springfield hosts one University. The University of Illinois Springfield (UIS, formerly Sangamon State University), which is located on the southeast side of the city.
Springfield is also home to a junior college Lincoln Land Community College, located just south of UIS. From 1875 to 1976, Springfield was also home to Concordia Theological Seminary. The seminary was moved back to its original home of Fort Wayne, Indiana, and the campus now serves as the Illinois Department of Corrections Academy.
The city is home to the Springfield campus of the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine,[107] which includes a Cancer Institute in Springfield's Medical District.[108]
Media
The
Television stations
Springfield is part of the Springfield-Decatur-Champaign TV market.
Radio stations
The following radio stations broadcast in the Springfield area:[112][113]
Infrastructure
Health systems
There are two Springfield hospitals,
St. John's Hospital is home to the Prairie Heart Institute, which performs more cardiovascular procedures than any other hospital in Illinois.[117] The dominant health care providers in the area are SIU HealthCare and Springfield Clinic. The major medical education center in the area is the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine. The major regional cancer center is the SIU Simmons Cancer Institute.
Public utilities
The owner of Lake Springfield – City Water, Light & Power – supplies electric power generated from the Dallman Power Plants to the city of Springfield and eight surrounding communities. The company also provides these cities and towns with water from the lake. In 2005, ground was broken for a third municipally-owned power plant, which came online in 2009. Natural gas is provided via Ameren Illinois, formerly Central Illinois Light Company (CILCO).[118]
Transportation
Border thoroughfare traffic is handled by Veterans Parkway and J. David Jones Parkway on the west side,
Springfield and the surrounding metropolitan area has constructed bike trails and bike lanes on a number of streets. Currently four main trails exist; two significant paved trails, the Interurban Trail and the Lost Bridge Trail, serve Springfield and its suburbs of Chatham, Illinois and Rochester, Illinois respectively. The Lost Bridge Trail has been extended further into Springfield by the Bunn to Lost Bridge Trail, which follows a stretch of Ash Street and Taylor Avenue. Plans are to extend it further still to Stanford Avenue.[122] A third trail, the Wabash Trail, extends westward from the northern end of the Interurban Trail toward Parkway Pointe, a regional shopping destination.
The fourth trail is a section, opened in July 2011, of the Sangamon Valley Trail spanning north to south through the west central part of Sangamon County. The section open as of 2011 extends northward from Centennial Park to Stuart Park.[123] This trail, if completed in its entirety, will reuse the entire Sangamon County portion of the abandoned St. Louis, Peoria and North Western Railway railroad line as a trail that will extend from Girard, Illinois, to Athens, Illinois.
Notable people
Sister cities
Springfield, Illinois has two
It maintains a "Friendship" city designation with Killarney, Ireland.[125]
See also
- Camp Butler National Cemetery
- Illinois Executive Mansion
- Illinois Old State Capitol (Springfield)
- Illinois State Capitol
- Lanphier Park
- National Museum of Surveying
- USS Springfield
- USS Springfield (SSN-761)
- White Oaks Mall
Notes
- ^ Official website
- ^ a b Keck, Patrick (February 20, 2023). "Election 2023: Portions of two townships could be annexed into Springfield". State Journal-Register. Retrieved May 20, 2023.
- ^ a b c U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Springfield, Illinois
- ^ a b Springfield Online Archived 2007-05-01 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 13, 2007
- ^ "Name of Local Government: Springfield". Illinois State Archives. Archived from the original on April 9, 2022. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
- ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
- ^ "Geographic Names Information System". edits.nationalmap.gov. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
- ^ "Look Up a ZIP Code". USPS.com. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 12, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
- ^ "Look Up a ZIP Code". USPS.com. p. 2. Archived from the original on May 12, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
- ^ a b c "Springfield (city), Illinois". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. July 8, 2014. Archived from the original on July 3, 2012. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
- ^ "Estimates of Resident Population Change and Rankings: July 1, 2012 to July 1, 2013". U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. March 2014. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
- ^ Springfield history Archived 2007-01-03 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on February 21, 2007
- ^ a b c Springfield, Illinois, archived from the original on April 1, 2012, retrieved March 7, 2017
- ^ a b c d A Brief Sketch of Springfield, Illinois, archived from the original on March 5, 2012, retrieved March 7, 2017
- ISBN 9780788410185
- ^ EBSCO). [dead link]
- ^ Winkle, (1998)
- ^ Ebsco
- ISSN 0002-1482
- ISSN 0010-5260
- ISSN 0748-8149
- Ebsco
- ^ ISSN 0748-8149
- ^ "Welcome to the Dana–Thomas House". Dana-thomas.org. August 23, 1983. Archived from the original on February 22, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
- Ebsco
- ^ Chicago Commission on Race Relations (1919); Crouthamel (1960); Senechal (1990)
- ^ a b c d e f "Springfield Tornadoes of March 12, 2006". National Weather Service Lincoln, Illinois. May 11, 2009. Archived from the original on July 18, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
- ^ Pearson, Rick; Long, Ray (February 10, 2007). "Obama: I'm running for president". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on October 15, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
- ^ "G001 – Geographic Identifiers – 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
- ^ Willman, H.B., and J.C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois. Bulletin no. 94, Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois.
- ^ McKay, E.D., 2007, Six Rivers, Five Glaciers, and an Outburst Flood: the Considerable Legacy of the Illinois River. Proceedings of the 2007 Governor's Conference on the Management of the Illinois River System: Our continuing Commitment, 11th Biennial Conference, Oct. 2–4, 2007, 11 p.
- ^ Warner, Kelly L. "Lower Illinois River Basin – Physiography – Water-Quality Assessment of the Lower Illinois River Basin: Environmental Setting, USGS Water Resources of Illinois". United States Geological Survey. Il.water.usgs.gov/. p. 3. Archived from the original on September 24, 2006. Retrieved April 6, 2007.
- ^ a b Lake Springfield Archived 2000-08-24 at the Wayback Machine, City Water, Light & Power, City of Springfield. Retrieved February 20, 2007.
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- ^ a b c d Lake Water Levels Archived 2007-02-03 at the Wayback Machine, City Water, Light & Power, City of Springfield. Retrieved February 24, 2007.
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- ^ Normal Daily Temperature, °F Archived 2007-02-12 at the Wayback Machine, Department of Meteorology, University of Utah. Retrieved February 24, 2007.
- ^ a b New City Tornado Sirens are Fully Operational Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine, Press Release, City of Springfield. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
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- ^ Minutes of the Springfield City Council – April 4, 2006 Archived September 27, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, (PDF), City of Springfield, City Clerk. Retrieved March 7, 2007.
- ^ "NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ^ "WMO Climate Normals for Springfield/Capital ARPT, IL 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
- ^ "The Grand Avenues". October 26, 2013.
- ^ Neighborhood Associations Archived 2007-02-12 at the Wayback Machine, Office of Planning & Economic Development, City of Springfield. Retrieved March 11, 2007.
- ^ "Boundaries Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine", Lincoln Park Neighborhood Association. Retrieved May 20, 2007.
- ^ Gray, Don (September 16, 2022). City of Springfield Ward Map (PDF) (Map). Sangamon County. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
- ^ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Springfield city, Illinois". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
- ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Springfield city, Illinois". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Springfield city, Illinois". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "Illinois – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 12, 2012.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ a b Major Springfield Employers Archived 2007-01-02 at the Wayback Machine, Office of Planning and Economic Development, City of Springfield. Retrieved February 24, 2007.
- ^ a b c "Springfield, IL Economy at a Glance". Bls.gov. February 28, 2014. Archived from the original on March 5, 2014. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
- ^ a b "Living Wage Calculation for Springfield city, Sangamon County, Illinois". Living Wage Project. Archived from the original on September 16, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
- ^ "City of Springfield CAFR 2021" (PDF). Retrieved July 19, 2022.
- ^ Wood, Thomas J. and Kirsch, Sarah. "Rhymes to Be Traded for Bread" Archived 2007-02-05 at the Wayback Machine, Web Exhibit, University of Illinois Springfield. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
- ^ John L. Lewis House Archived 2006-10-06 at the Wayback Machine, Historic Sites Commission of Springfield, Illinois. Retrieved February 21, 2007
- ^ Hales, Linda. Getting One's Fill at Hillwood Archived 2018-08-24 at the Wayback Machine, Editorial Review, Washington Post, September 24, 2000. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
- ISBN 978-0333750889.
- ^ a b "Protestant Exiles from Madeira in Illinois". Library of Congress. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
- ^ Martin, Andrea. "Carpenter Street Underpass" (PDF). Springfield Railroads Improvement Project. US Department of Transportation Federal Railroad Administration and the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 1, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
- ^ Illinois Authors on the Illinois State Library http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/library/about/illinois_authors.html Archived 2013-07-19 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 8/30/13
- ^ Artie Matthews, Biography, AllMusic. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
- ^ Morris Day and The Time Archived 2007-02-08 at the Wayback Machine, Richard De La Fonte Agency, Inc. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
- ^ "The Black Sheep Cafe". Black Sheep. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 27, 2015.
- ^ "The Springfield Old Capitol Art Fair :: Springfield Illinois". www.socaf.org. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved May 1, 2014.
- ^ staff. "Annual Route 66 Film Festival". Central Illinois Film Commission. Archived from the original on November 24, 2015. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
- ^ The Independent: A Magazine for Video and Filmmakers. Vol. 28. Foundation for Independent Video and Film. 2005. pp. 56–58.
- ^ "Interview with Edwin Waldmire – Illinois Regional Archives Depository (IRAD)" (PDF). Oral History Collections. Brookens Library, University of Illinois Springfield. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2014. Retrieved February 24, 2007.
- EBSCO). Retrieved February 24, 2007.
- ^ Harris, Patricia; Lyon, David (November 20, 2006). "The hottest thing in sandwiches". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on December 2, 2006. Retrieved February 24, 2007.
- ^ "117-Year-Old Brewing Co. Closes" (PDF). Chicago Tribune. August 8, 1966. p. C6. Retrieved March 10, 2007 – via ProQuest.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Pearson, Rick. "A Guide for the National Press", Chicago Tribune, February 9, 2007. Retrieved February 23, 2007.
- ^ a b Zimmerman-Wills, Penny. "Capital City Chilli" Archived 2007-02-18 at the Wayback Machine, Illinois Times, January 30, 2003, Retrieved February 23, 2007
- ^ a b About the City Archived 2007-03-15 at the Wayback Machine, Springfield, Illinois Convention and Visitors Bureau. Retrieved February 23, 2007.
- ^ Thomas, Benjamin P. Abraham Lincoln: A Biography Archived 2012-05-29 at the Wayback Machine, Alfred Knopf: New York, (1952). Retrieved February 24, 2007.
- ^ The visit of The Emir of Qatar to the United States (May 2005) Archived 2007-05-02 at the Wayback Machine, Press Release, Embassy of the State of Qatar in Washington, D.C.. Retrieved February 24, 2007.
- ^ Museum Dedication – A Look Back Archived 2009-02-15 at the Wayback Machine, (note:automatically plays band music), Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved February 24, 2007.
- ^ Reardon Patrick T. Donner Party began here too, Chicago Tribune, February 7, 2007. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
- ^ a b Dana–Thomas House Archived 2007-08-25 at the Wayback Machine, State Historic Sites, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. Retrieved March 7, 2007.
- ^ The 46th Annual Carillon Festival Archived 2007-03-19 at the Wayback Machine, Press Release, Thomas Rees Memorial Carillon. Retrieved February 24, 2007.
- ^ Jeff Fassero Archived 2006-12-31 at the Wayback Machine, Player Pages, Sports Illustrated. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
- ^ Kevin Seitzer Archived 2005-04-27 at the Wayback Machine, Player Pages, Sports Illustrated. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
- ^ Ryan O'Malley Archived 2007-02-12 at the Wayback Machine, Player Pages, Sports Illustrated. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
- ^ Robin Roberts Archived 2007-01-04 at the Wayback Machine, Player Pages, Sports Illustrated. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
- ^ Lew Freedman. Gamble Paying Off, Chicago Tribune, February 10, 2007.
- ^ Andre Iguodala to Donate $19,000 to Assist Tornado Relief Efforts in Springfield, Ill. Archived 2006-04-21 at the Wayback Machine, Press Release, Philadelphia 76ers, April 4, 2006. Retrieved February 21, 2007
- ^ "Ryan Held Bio – SwimSwam". Archived from the original on October 13, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
- ^ a b Code of Ordinances Archived 2006-11-16 at the Wayback Machine, City of Springfield, Title III: Chapter 32: Article I – Executive Branch. Municode.com. Retrieved February 25, 2007.
- ^ a b c Code of Ordinances Archived 2006-11-16 at the Wayback Machine, City of Springfield, Title I: Chapter 30: General Provisions. Municode.com. Retrieved February 25, 2007.
- ^ a b Code of Ordinances Archived 2006-11-16 at the Wayback Machine, City of Springfield, Title III: Chapter 31: Legislative. Municode.com. Retrieved February 25, 2007.
- ^ Olsen, Dean. "Candidates file for municipal elections". Illinois Times. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
- ^ "Our Candidates". Sangamon County Democratic Party. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
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- ^ a b c Gauen, Pat. "Illinois corruption explained: the capital is too far from Chicago " (Archive). St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved on May 26, 2016.
- ^ a b c d Reeder, Scott. "What does it cost taxpayers to pay for lawmakers' empty Springfield residences?" (Archive). Illinois News Network. September 11, 2014. Retrieved on May 26, 2016.
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References
- Chicago Commission on Race Relations (1922). "The Springfield Riot". The Negro in Chicago: A Study of Race Relations and a Race Riot. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press. pp. 66–71.
- History of Sangamon County, Illinois: Together with Sketches of Its Cities, Villages and Townships ... Portraits of Prominent Persons, and Biographies of Representative Citizens. History of Illinois. Chicago: Inter-state Pub. Co. 1881.
Further reading
- Angle, Paul M. "Here I have lived": A history of Lincoln's Springfield, 1821–1865 (1935, 1971)
- Crouthamel, James L. "The Springfield Race Riot of 1908." Journal of Negro History 1960 45(3): 164–181.
- Harrison, Shelby Millard, ed. The Springfield Survey: Study of Social Conditions in an American City (1920), famous sociological study of the city vol 3 online
- "Springfield". Illinois State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1858 and 1859. Chicago, Ill: George W. Hawes. 1858. OL 24140361M.
- Laine, Christian K. Landmark Springfield: Architecture and Urbanism in the Capital City of Illinois. Chicago: Metropolitan, 1985. 111 pp. OCLC 12942732
- Lindsay, Vachel. The Golden Book of Springfield (1920), a novel excerpt and text search
- Senechal, Roberta. The Sociogenesis of a Race Riot: Springfield, Illinois, in 1908. 1990. 231 pp.
- VanMeter, Andy. "Always My Friend: A History of the State Journal-Register and Springfield." Springfield, Ill.: Copley, 1981. 360 pp. history of the daily newspapers
- Wallace, Christopher Elliott. "The Opportunity to Grow: Springfield, Illinois during the 1850s." PhD dissertation Purdue U. 1983. 247 pp. DAI 1984 44(9): 2864-A. DA8400427 Fulltext: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
- Winkle, Kenneth J. "The Second Party System in Lincoln's Springfield." Civil War History 1998 44(4): 267–284. ISSN 0009-8078
External links
- Official website
- Springfield, Illinois at Curlie
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 739. .