Most Western adults cannot place their heels flat on the ground when squatting because of shortened Achilles tendons maybe caused by habit:[4] [5] [6]
For this reason the squatting position is usually not sustainable for them for more than a few minutes as heels-up squatting is a less stable position than heels-down squatting.dorsiflexion
.
U.S. Marine Corps officer candidate squatting as an exercise
In strength training, the squat is a full body exercise that trains primarily the muscles of the thighs, hips and buttocks, as well as strengthening the bones, ligaments and insertion of the tendons throughout the lower body. Squats are considered a vital exercise for increasing the strength and size of the legs and buttocks.
The pistols squat is a one legged squat common in
crossfit
exercises in which the non-working leg is kept horizontal.
The burpee is a full body exercise used in strength training and as an aerobic exercise that involves a squat. The basic movement is performed in four steps and known as a "four-count burpee".
In
Taoist Tai Chi, the "Dan Yu" (spine stretching) exercise involves squatting. It is intended to work primarily the pelvic region, the legs and the lower back. Fifty or more repetitions may be performed in advanced classes. The feet are placed in a stance wider than the shoulders. When squatting the knees move in the direction of the feet.
[12] [13] [14]
Childbirth position
Various people have promoted the adoption of these alternative birthing positions, particularly squatting, for Western countries, such as Grantly Dick-Read , Janet Balaskas , Moysés Paciornik and Hugo Sabatino . The adoption of these alternative positions is also promoted by the natural childbirth movement.
The squatting position gives a greater increase of pressure in the pelvic cavity with minimal muscular effort. The birth canal will open 20 to 30% more in a squat than in any other position. It is recommended for the
second stage of childbirth.
[15]
In ancient Egypt , women delivered babies while squatting on a pair of bricks , known as birth bricks .[16]
Sexual position
There are versions of the "cowgirl" sex position where a woman is squatting over a man, who is lying on his back, instead of kneeling over him. These are referred to by different names such as Asian cowgirl , frog squat position , and froggystyle .[17] The woman can face forwards[18] or backwards (reverse).[19]
Urinating and defecating
The
squatting defecation posture involves squatting by standing with the knees and hips sharply bent and the bare buttocks suspended near the ground.
Squat toilets are designed to facilitate this posture and are common in various parts of the world.
When not urinating into a toilet, squatting is the easiest way for a female to direct the urine stream. If done this way, the urine will go forward. Some women use one or both hands to focus the direction of the urine stream, which is more easily achieved while in the squatting position.[23]
A partial squatting position (or "hovering") while urinating is often done to avoid sitting on a potentially contaminated toilet seat , but it may leave urine behind in the bladder [24] and it is not good for the pelvic floor .[25]
Wolves mark their territories in a standing, squatting, or raised-leg position. Dogs also mark their territories by urinating in a raised-leg or squatting position.[20]
Health
This European woman's heel lifts off the ground when she is squatting. While Caucasians tend to flex the forefoot when kneeling or squatting, East Asians are more likely to keep the foot flat on the ground.[26]
In East Asian cultures such as Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese, postures with high
flexion including kneeling and
squatting are used more often in daily activities,
[27] while in North America, people kneel or squat less frequently in daily activities, unless for occupational, religious, or leisure practices. The favored style of those high flexion postures also differs among ethnic groups. While Caucasians tend to flex the forefoot when kneeling or squatting, East Asians are more likely to keep the foot flat on the ground.
[26]
In the two common styles of kneeling, the
adduction and flexion moment, which is associated with increased knee joint loads.
[28]
Risk of osteoarthritis
There is increased incidence of knee
peroneal nerve
palsy .
[citation needed ] A common name for this affliction is
squatter's palsy although there may be reasons other than squatting for this to occur.
[30] [31] [32] For societies who rarely squat, squatting as a different posture may bring health benefits.
[33]
In patients with tetralogy of Fallot
Toddlers and older children with the congenital heart disease
systemic vascular resistance and allows for a temporary reversal of the
shunt . It increases pressure on the left side of the heart, decreasing the
right to left shunt thus decreasing the amount of deoxygenated blood entering the systemic circulation.
[35] [36]
Mālāsana or upavesasana in yoga
Mālāsana
Upaveśāsana (literally "sitting down pose"), also known as Mālāsana meaning "garland pose", or simply the yoga squat , is an asana .[37]
The āsana is a squat with heels flat on the floor and hip-width apart (or slightly wider if necessary), toes pointing out on a diagonal. The torso is brought forward between the thighs, elbows are braced against the inside of the knees, and the hands press together in front of the chest in Añjali Mudrā .[38]
Squatting facets
The existence of squatting facets on the
distal
tibia and
talar articular surfaces of skeletons, which result from contact between the two bones during
hyperdorsiflexion , have been used as markers to indicate if that person habitually squatted.
[39] [40]
See also
Denis Parsons Burkitt – Irish surgeon (1911–1993)
Di nixi – Ancient Roman birth deities
Gopnik – A practitioner of a learned behavior attributed to Russian prison culture to avoid sitting on the cold ground
Ilium – Also known as the Haunch bone
List of human positions – Physical configurations of the human body
Hunky punk – Decorative carvings on English buildings
Lajja Gauri – Lotus-headed Hindu Goddess associated with abundance, fertility and sexuality
Messenger (sculpture in Plymouth) – Sculpture erected in Plymouth, England
Neutral spine
– Concept in anatomyPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
References
^ .
^ Dobrzynski, Judith H. (17 October 2004). "An Eye on China's Not So Rich and Famous" . The New York Times . Retrieved 7 April 2010 .
^ a b Harper, D. (n.d.). Etymology of squat. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved March 17, 2022, from https://www.etymonline.com/word/squat
^ Kasuyama, Tatsuya, Masaaki Sakamoto, and Rie Nakazawa. "Ankle Joint Dorsiflexion Measurement Using the Deep Squatting Posture." Journal of Physical Therapy Science 21.2 (2009): 195–99.
^ Krause DA, Cloud BA, Forster LA, Schrank JA, Hollman JH. "Measurement of ankle dorsiflexion: a comparison of active and passive techniques in multiple positions". Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 2011 Aug; 20(3): 333–44.
^ Ausinheiler, B. (2012, November 27). The #1 reason why people find deep squatting difficult . Posturemovementpain.com https://web.archive.org/web/20220303033554/https://posturemovementpain.com/2012/11/27/the-1-reason-why-people-find-deep-squatting-difficult/
^ Mauss, Marcel . Les Techniques du corps 1934. Journal de Psychologie 32 (3–4). Reprinted in Mauss, Sociologie et anthropologie , 1936, Paris: PUF.
^ D Morris, Manwatching (London 1987) p. 312-3
^ Love, D. (2015, June 24). Has Russia totally reinvented the rap squat? - The Daily Dot.
^ Millard, Drew (27 December 2013). "Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Rap Squats but Were Afraid to Ask" . Vice . Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2022 .
^ Cabatingan, Lux (15 September 2014). "Trend Alert: Gang Signs are Out, Rap Squats Are In" . IX Daily . Archived from the original on 21 February 2015.
^ Yang Chengfu (1931), Taijiquan Shiyongfa (Application methods of Taijiquan)
^ Yang Chengfu (1934), Taijiquan Tiyong Quanshu (Complete Book of the Essence and Applications of Taijiquan)
.
.
.
^ "Discovery Health Sexual Positions" . healthguide.howstuffworks.com . Retrieved 22 October 2010.
^ Asian Cowgirl Sex Position Sexinfo101.com
^ Reverse Asian Cowgirl Sex Position Sexinfo101.com
^ .
.
.
^ "A Woman's Guide on How to Pee Standing" . Archived from the original on 4 June 2003.
^ "Kidney infection – Treatment" . nhs.uk . National Health Service . 4 January 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2019 . If you have a kidney infection, try not to 'hover' over the toilet seat when you go to the loo because it can result in your bladder not being fully emptied.
^ "5 Bathroom Mistakes That Can Lead To Pelvic Floor Dysfunction" . HuffPost Canadian version. 21 July 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2019 . Hovering Over The Toilet
^ a b Chong, H. (2016). “Do East Asians Achieve Greater Knee Flexion than Caucasian North Americans, and are East Asian Kneeling and Squatting Styles Kinetically Different from North American Norms?”
.
.
incomplete short citation
]
^ Macpherson JM, Gordon AJ (1983). "Squatter's palsy" British Medical Journal
Journal of the American Medical Association
2 January 1987; 257(1): 28.
.
^ Spinks, Rosie (9 November 2017). "The forgotten art of squatting is a revelation for bodies ruined by sitting" . Quartz (publication) . p. 1. Retrieved 14 November 2017 .
^ "Tetralogy of Fallot - Symptoms and causes" . Mayo Clinic . Retrieved 21 August 2021 .
.
^ Guntheroth WG, Mortan BC, Mullins GL, Baum D. Am "Venous return with knee-chest position and squatting in tetralogy of Fallot". Heart J. 1968 Mar; 75(3): 313–18.
^ Lo, Kimberly (9 October 2013). "5 Yoga Tips to Open Up the Hips" . elephant journal . Archived from the original on 22 September 2023.
^ "Garland Pose" . Yoga Journal. 28 August 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2009 .
^ Barnett CH "Squatting facets on the European talus" J Anat. 1954 October; 88 (Pt 4): 509–13.
^ Trinkaus E "Squatting among the neandertals: A problem in the behavioral interpretation of skeletal morphology" Journal of Archaeological Science Volume 2, Issue 4, December 1975, pp. 327–51
External links
Kasuyama, Tatsuya; Sakamoto, Masaaki; Nakazawa, Rie (2009). "Ankle Joint Dorsiflexion Measurement Using the Deep Squatting Posture". J. Phys. Ther. Sci . 21 (2): 195–199.