Sremska Mitrovica

Coordinates: 44°58′12″N 19°36′45″E / 44.97000°N 19.61250°E / 44.97000; 19.61250
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Sremska Mitrovica
Сремска Митровица (Serbian)
City of Sremska Mitrovica
From top: Panorama of the city, Town library, Imperial Palace in Sirmium, Military- border building, Town Gallery, Building of the Police Station, The "Stone flower" fountain
UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
22 000
Area code+381(0)22
Car platesSM
Websitewww.sremskamitrovica.rs

Sremska Mitrovica (Serbian pronunciation:

Latin: Sirmium) is a city and the administrative center of the Srem District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated on the left bank of the Sava river. As of 2022
, the city has a total population of 40,144 inhabitants, while its administrative area has a population of 72,580 inhabitants.

As

Probus (276–282), Maximian (285–310), Constantius II (337–361) and Gratian
(367–383).

Name

The modern town name is Sremska Mitrovica (Serbian: Сремска Митровица). The Hungarian name was Szávaszentdemeter while in Croatian it is referred to as Srijemska Mitrovica.[3][4]

Mitrovica stems from

Saint Demetrius or "Sveti Dimitrije" in Serbian. Sremska Mitrovica means Mitrovica of Syrmia with Sremska distinguishing it from Kosovska Mitrovica.[5][6]

The name of the city during the reign of the Roman Empire was Sirmium.[7] Beginning in 1180 AD the name changed from "Civitas Sancti Demetrii" to "Dmitrovica", "Mitrovica", and finally to the present form - "Sremska Mitrovica".

History

Ancient Sirmium

Visitors’ Center of the Roman Imperial Palace
Coins of Julian, Syrmium, 361

Sremska Mitrovica is one of the oldest cities in Europe. Archaeologists have found a trace of organized

Claudius II, were prepared in Sirmium.[citation needed
]

In 103, Pannonia was split into two provinces: Pannonia Superior and Pannonia Inferior, and Sirmium became the capital city of the latter. In 296, Diocletian implemented a new territorial division of Pannonia. Instead of previous two provinces, there were four new provinces established in former territory of original Pannonia: Pannonia Prima, Pannonia Valeria, Pannonia Savia and Pannonia Secunda. Capital city of Pannonia Secunda was Sirmium.[citation needed]

In 293, with the establishment of

Izmit). During the tetrarchy, Sirmium was the capital of emperor Galerius. With the establishment of praetorian prefectures in 318, the capital of the prefecture of Illyricum was Sirmium.[citation needed
]

Beginning in the 4th century, the city was an important Christian centre, and was a seat of the Episcopate of Sirmium. Four Christian councils were held in Sirmium. At the end of the 4th century, Sirmium was brought under the sway of the Goths, and later, was again annexed to the Eastern Roman Empire. In 441, Sirmium was conquered by the Huns, and after this conquest, it remained for more than a century in the hands of various Germanic tribes, such were Eastern Goths and Gepids.[citation needed]

For a short time, Sirmium was the center of the

Eastern Roman Empire. The city was conquered and destroyed by Avars in 582. This event marked the end of the period of late Antiquity in the history of Sirmium.[citation needed
]

11 luxurious golden belts of Avar handicraft dating to the 6th century was excavated in the vicinity.[8]

After the Avar conquest

For the next two centuries Sirmium was a place of little importance. At the end of the 8th century, Sirmium belonged to the Frankish State. The historical role of Sirmium increased again in the 9th century, when it was part of the

St Methodius the title of Archbishop of Sirmium. After having adopted Christianity, the Bulgarians restored in Sirmium the Christian Episcopate, having in mind old Christian traditions and the reputation this city had in the ancient world.[citation needed
]

In the 11th century, Sirmium was a residence of

Theme of Sirmium had its capital in this city.[citation needed] Emperor Basil II (976–1025) created administrative system in which Sirmium was a seat of strategos Serbias.[9]

For a while, about 1451, the city was in possession of the Serbian despot

Husrev-bey. It was renamed as "Dimitrofça".[citation needed
]

The name of the mayor of the city was Dimitar and since the middle of the 16th century, the city was mostly populated with Muslims. According to the 1566/69 data, the population of the city was composed of 592 Muslim and 30 Christian houses, while according to the 1572 data, it was composed of 598 Muslim and 18 Christian houses.[citation needed]

According to the 1573 data, the city had 17 mosques and no Christian church. During the Ottoman rule, Sremska Mitrovica was the largest settlement in Syrmia, and was the administrative center of the Ottoman Sanjak of Syrmia. It was temporarily occupied by Austrian troops between 1688 and 1690. They finally took it in 1717 and took possession of it after signing Treaty of Passarowitz in 1718.[citation needed]

With the establishment of the Habsburg administration in 1718, the Muslim population fled from the city and was replaced with Serbian, Croatian, and German settlers. According to the 1765 data, the population of the city numbered 809 people, of whom 514 were Serbs and 290 Catholics.[citation needed]

Sremska Mitrovica was part of the Habsburg

Syrmia County, which was part of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia within Austria-Hungary
.

According to the 1910 census, the population of the city numbered 12,909 people, of which 8,793 spoke the Serbo-Croatian language (4,878 of those spoke Serbian and 3,915 spoke Croatian) and 2,341 German. The administrative area of the city (which did not included the city itself) had 32,012 inhabitants, of which 28,093 spoke Serbo-Croatian (27,022 of those spoke Serbian and 1,071 spoke Croatian) and 2,324 German.[citation needed]

After the First World War

In 1918, the Austro-Hungarian monarchy collapsed and the Syrmia region first became a part of the newly formed State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, and then, on 24 November 1918, the assembly of Syrmia in Ruma decided most of Syrmia (including Mitrovica) would join the Kingdom of Serbia.[citation needed]

Subsequently, on 1 December 1918, Kingdom of Serbia united with the

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929). Between 1918 and 1922, Sremska Mitrovica was part of the Syrmia County, between 1922 and 1929 part of the Syrmia Oblast, between 1929 and 1931 part of the Drina Banovina, and, between 1931 and 1941, part of the Danube Banovina.[citation needed
]

Josip Broz Tito visits the memorial park in Sremska Mitrovica, dedicated to the World War II victims in Syrmia

During

Axis troops and was attached to the Independent State of Croatia. During that time its name was changed to Hrvatska Mitrovica (meaning Croatian Mitrovica). One of the largest Nazi concentration/death camps in the Independent State of Croatia existed in Sremska Mitrovica and as many as 10,000 victims (Serbs, Jews, and antifascists) were killed here.[10][11]

The

]

In the

prisoners of war were kept in this prison. The main prison facility; the largest known in Serbia, was open from November 1991 to August 1992 and was a scene where many prisoners were killed, tortured, abused and raped.[12]

Beginning in 1944, the town was part of the Autonomous Province of

Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was then transformed into the state union of Serbia and Montenegro. Since the 2006 independence of Montenegro, Sremska Mitrovica is part of an independent Serbia.[citation needed
]

Inhabited places

Map of the city of Sremska Mitrovica
Map of local communities in urban Sremska Mitrovica

The city of Sremska Mitrovica includes the town of Mačvanska Mitrovica, and several villages. Villages on the northern bank of the river Sava, in the region of Syrmia:

Villages on the southern bank of the river Sava, in the region of Mačva:

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
194849,017—    
195352,959+1.56%
196163,634+2.32%
197178,391+2.11%
198185,129+0.83%
199185,328+0.02%
200285,902+0.06%
201179,940−0.80%
Source: [13]

According to the 2011 census results, the city administrative area has a population of 79,940 inhabitants.

Sremska Mitrovica downtown
Town Gallery
Zasavica Nature Reserve

Ethnic groups

Most of the settlements in the city have an ethnic Serb majority. Stara Bingula is an ethnically mixed settlement with a relative Serbian majority. The main concentration of ethnic minorities is in the urban area of the city.[citation needed]

The ethnic composition of the city:

Ethnic group Population
2011[14]
%
Serbs 69,849 87.38%
Croats 2,112 2.64%
Romani 1,194 1.49%
Hungarians 696 0.87%
Rusyns 620 0.78%
Ukrainians 534 0.67%
Yugoslavs 290 0.36%
Slovaks 281 0.35%
Montenegrins 131 0.16%
Macedonians 126 0.16%
Germans 103 0.13%
Others 4,004 5.01%
Total 79,940

Religion

In 2002, the population of city of Sremska Mitrovica included 76,290

Diocese of Syrmia, which has its seat in Sremska Mitrovica.[citation needed
]

Climate

Sremska Mitrovica has a humid subtropical climate bordering very closely on a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb) as well as an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb).

Climate data for Sremska Mitrovica (1991–2020, extremes 1961–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.8
(65.8)
23.7
(74.7)
28.9
(84.0)
31.6
(88.9)
34.8
(94.6)
36.8
(98.2)
40.7
(105.3)
39.6
(103.3)
37.6
(99.7)
30.2
(86.4)
25.0
(77.0)
22.0
(71.6)
40.7
(105.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 4.2
(39.6)
7.3
(45.1)
13.2
(55.8)
18.8
(65.8)
23.4
(74.1)
27.0
(80.6)
29.0
(84.2)
29.3
(84.7)
24.1
(75.4)
18.6
(65.5)
11.5
(52.7)
5.0
(41.0)
17.6
(63.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.6
(33.1)
2.3
(36.1)
6.9
(44.4)
12.3
(54.1)
17.3
(63.1)
20.7
(69.3)
22.1
(71.8)
21.9
(71.4)
16.9
(62.4)
11.9
(53.4)
6.8
(44.2)
1.6
(34.9)
11.8
(53.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −2.7
(27.1)
−1.9
(28.6)
1.5
(34.7)
6.1
(43.0)
11.1
(52.0)
14.3
(57.7)
15.4
(59.7)
15.3
(59.5)
11.1
(52.0)
6.9
(44.4)
3.0
(37.4)
−1.3
(29.7)
6.6
(43.9)
Record low °C (°F) −29.5
(−21.1)
−26.5
(−15.7)
−17.3
(0.9)
−7.8
(18.0)
−0.3
(31.5)
3.0
(37.4)
6.4
(43.5)
5.8
(42.4)
−2.0
(28.4)
−6.0
(21.2)
−13.5
(7.7)
−21.3
(−6.3)
−29.5
(−21.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 38.1
(1.50)
34.6
(1.36)
37.6
(1.48)
44.8
(1.76)
68.1
(2.68)
75.4
(2.97)
59.7
(2.35)
50.9
(2.00)
56.6
(2.23)
56.8
(2.24)
48.8
(1.92)
45.7
(1.80)
617.1
(24.30)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 12.8 11.4 10.8 11.3 13.2 11.4 9.5 7.9 9.8 10.1 11.2 12.5 131.9
Average snowy days 6.8 5.7 2.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.1 5.1 23.0
Average
relative humidity
(%)
87.8 81.7 72.5 68.2 69.0 71.4 70.7 69.8 74.3 78.5 84.5 88.7 76.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 63.6 95.1 159.2 197.5 245.2 262.0 297.0 288.0 198.5 156.2 90.5 53.2 2,106
Source: Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia[15][16]

Economy

The footbridge of St. Irenaeus of Sirmium, across Sava river is the biggest footbridge in Serbia.

The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):[17]

Activity Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 645
Mining and quarrying 16
Manufacturing 5,402
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 233
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 342
Construction 958
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 2,887
Transportation and storage 1,080
Accommodation and food services 447
Information and communication 167
Financial and insurance activities 334
Real estate activities 35
Professional, scientific and technical activities 749
Administrative and support service activities 486
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 1,610
Education 1,339
Human health and social work activities 1,820
Arts, entertainment and recreation 318
Other service activities 332
Individual agricultural workers 1,098
Total 20,298

Sport

Notable residents

Roman emperors

Budalia
near Sirmium

Ten Roman emperors were born in the city and its environs:

The last emperor of the united Roman Empire, Theodosius I (378–95), became emperor in Sirmium. The usurpers Ingenuus and Regalianus also declared themselves emperors in this city (in 260) and many other Roman emperors spent some time in Sirmium including Marcus Aurelius who might have written parts of his famous work Meditations in the city.[citation needed]

Classical antiquity

  • Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor (161-180), used Sirmium as a residence in between pannonian military campaigns 170-180
  • Maximinus, Roman emperor (235-238), ruled from residence in Sirmium.
  • Herennius Etruscus, Roman emperor (251), born in Sirmium.
  • Hostilian, Roman emperor (251), born in Sirmium
  • Budalia
    near Sirmium.
  • Ingenuus, Roman emperor (260), proclaimed himself emperor in Sirmium.
  • Regalianus, Roman emperor (260), proclaimed himself emperor in Sirmium.
  • Claudius II
    , Roman emperor (268-270), born in Sirmium and spent most of his life there.
  • Quintillus, Roman emperor (270), born in Sirmium
  • Aurelian, Roman emperor (270-275), born in Sirmium.
  • Probus
    , Roman emperor (276-282), born in Sirmium.
  • Maximianus Herculius, Roman emperor (285-310), born near Sirmium.
  • Galerius, Roman emperor (305-311), ruled as Caesar during the Tetrarchy from residence in Sirmium (293-296).
  • Crispus, a Caesar of the Roman Empire. He was proclaimed Caesar in Sirmium in 317.
  • Constantine II, a Caesar of the Roman Empire. He was proclaimed Caesar in Sirmium in 317.
  • Vetranion, Roman emperor. Proclaimed himself emperor in Sirmium (in 350).
  • Constantius II, Roman emperor (337-361), born in Sirmium.
  • Gratian, Roman emperor (367-383), born in Sirmium.
  • Theodosius I the Great
    , Roman emperor (378-395). He became emperor in Sirmium.
  • Valerius Licinius, prefect of the Diocese of Pannonia
    with residence in Sirmium (308-314).
  • Aurelius Victor, prefect of the Pannonia Secunda province, wrote a History of Rome under the emperor Julian.
  • Leontius, prefect in Sirmium (426).

Middle ages

Modern period

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

Sremska Mitrovica is

twinned
with:

See also

References

  1. ^ "Municipalities of Serbia, 2006". Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  2. . Retrieved 2014-06-27.
  3. .
  4. .
  5. .
  6. .
  7. .
  8. ^ "Archaelogy [sic]". Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
  9. .
  10. .
  11. ^ "Serbian Studies". google.com. 1986. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  12. ^ Archived 2011-01-06 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  14. ^ "Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Republički zavod za statistiku. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  15. ^ "Monthly and annual means, maximum and minimum values of meteorological elements for the period 1991–2020" (in Serbian). Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  16. ^ "Monthly and annual means, maximum and minimum values of meteorological elements for the period 1981-2010" (in Serbian). Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. Archived from the original on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  17. ^ "MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, 2019" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  18. ^ Градови партнери [City of Banja Luka - Partner cities]. Administrative Office of the City of Banja Luka (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 17 September 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
  19. ^ "Testvérvárosaink". 9 May 2011.

External links