Sremska Mitrovica
Sremska Mitrovica
Сремска Митровица (Serbian) | |
---|---|
City of Sremska Mitrovica | |
From top: Panorama of the city, Town library, Imperial Palace in Sirmium, Military- border building, Town Gallery, Building of the Police Station, The "Stone flower" fountain | |
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 22 000 |
Area code | +381(0)22 |
Car plates | SM |
Website | www |
Sremska Mitrovica (Serbian pronunciation:
As
(367–383).Name
The modern town name is Sremska Mitrovica (Serbian: Сремска Митровица). The Hungarian name was Szávaszentdemeter while in Croatian it is referred to as Srijemska Mitrovica.[3][4]
Mitrovica stems from
The name of the city during the reign of the Roman Empire was Sirmium.[7] Beginning in 1180 AD the name changed from "Civitas Sancti Demetrii" to "Dmitrovica", "Mitrovica", and finally to the present form - "Sremska Mitrovica".
History
This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2018) |
Ancient Sirmium
Sremska Mitrovica is one of the oldest cities in Europe. Archaeologists have found a trace of organized
In 103, Pannonia was split into two provinces: Pannonia Superior and Pannonia Inferior, and Sirmium became the capital city of the latter. In 296, Diocletian implemented a new territorial division of Pannonia. Instead of previous two provinces, there were four new provinces established in former territory of original Pannonia: Pannonia Prima, Pannonia Valeria, Pannonia Savia and Pannonia Secunda. Capital city of Pannonia Secunda was Sirmium.[citation needed]
In 293, with the establishment of
Beginning in the 4th century, the city was an important Christian centre, and was a seat of the Episcopate of Sirmium. Four Christian councils were held in Sirmium. At the end of the 4th century, Sirmium was brought under the sway of the Goths, and later, was again annexed to the Eastern Roman Empire. In 441, Sirmium was conquered by the Huns, and after this conquest, it remained for more than a century in the hands of various Germanic tribes, such were Eastern Goths and Gepids.[citation needed]
For a short time, Sirmium was the center of the
11 luxurious golden belts of Avar handicraft dating to the 6th century was excavated in the vicinity.[8]
After the Avar conquest
For the next two centuries Sirmium was a place of little importance. At the end of the 8th century, Sirmium belonged to the Frankish State. The historical role of Sirmium increased again in the 9th century, when it was part of the
In the 11th century, Sirmium was a residence of
For a while, about 1451, the city was in possession of the Serbian despot
The name of the mayor of the city was Dimitar and since the middle of the 16th century, the city was mostly populated with Muslims. According to the 1566/69 data, the population of the city was composed of 592 Muslim and 30 Christian houses, while according to the 1572 data, it was composed of 598 Muslim and 18 Christian houses.[citation needed]
According to the 1573 data, the city had 17 mosques and no Christian church. During the Ottoman rule, Sremska Mitrovica was the largest settlement in Syrmia, and was the administrative center of the Ottoman Sanjak of Syrmia. It was temporarily occupied by Austrian troops between 1688 and 1690. They finally took it in 1717 and took possession of it after signing Treaty of Passarowitz in 1718.[citation needed]
With the establishment of the Habsburg administration in 1718, the Muslim population fled from the city and was replaced with Serbian, Croatian, and German settlers. According to the 1765 data, the population of the city numbered 809 people, of whom 514 were Serbs and 290 Catholics.[citation needed]
Sremska Mitrovica was part of the Habsburg
According to the 1910 census, the population of the city numbered 12,909 people, of which 8,793 spoke the Serbo-Croatian language (4,878 of those spoke Serbian and 3,915 spoke Croatian) and 2,341 German. The administrative area of the city (which did not included the city itself) had 32,012 inhabitants, of which 28,093 spoke Serbo-Croatian (27,022 of those spoke Serbian and 1,071 spoke Croatian) and 2,324 German.[citation needed]
After the First World War
In 1918, the Austro-Hungarian monarchy collapsed and the Syrmia region first became a part of the newly formed State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, and then, on 24 November 1918, the assembly of Syrmia in Ruma decided most of Syrmia (including Mitrovica) would join the Kingdom of Serbia.[citation needed]
Subsequently, on 1 December 1918, Kingdom of Serbia united with the
During
The
In the
Beginning in 1944, the town was part of the Autonomous Province of
Inhabited places
The city of Sremska Mitrovica includes the town of Mačvanska Mitrovica, and several villages. Villages on the northern bank of the river Sava, in the region of Syrmia:
- Bešenovački Prnjavor
- Bešenovo
- Bosut
- Čalma
- Divoš
- Grgurevci
- Jarak
- Kuzmin
- Laćarak
- Ležimir
- Manđelos
- Martinci
- Sremska Rača
- Stara Bingula
- Šašinci
- Šišatovac
- Šuljam
- Veliki Radinci
Villages on the southern bank of the river Sava, in the region of Mačva:
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1948 | 49,017 | — |
1953 | 52,959 | +1.56% |
1961 | 63,634 | +2.32% |
1971 | 78,391 | +2.11% |
1981 | 85,129 | +0.83% |
1991 | 85,328 | +0.02% |
2002 | 85,902 | +0.06% |
2011 | 79,940 | −0.80% |
Source: [13] |
According to the 2011 census results, the city administrative area has a population of 79,940 inhabitants.
Ethnic groups
Most of the settlements in the city have an ethnic Serb majority. Stara Bingula is an ethnically mixed settlement with a relative Serbian majority. The main concentration of ethnic minorities is in the urban area of the city.[citation needed]
The ethnic composition of the city:
Ethnic group | Population 2011[14] |
% |
---|---|---|
Serbs | 69,849 | 87.38% |
Croats | 2,112 | 2.64% |
Romani | 1,194 | 1.49% |
Hungarians | 696 | 0.87% |
Rusyns | 620 | 0.78% |
Ukrainians | 534 | 0.67% |
Yugoslavs | 290 | 0.36% |
Slovaks | 281 | 0.35% |
Montenegrins | 131 | 0.16% |
Macedonians | 126 | 0.16% |
Germans | 103 | 0.13% |
Others | 4,004 | 5.01% |
Total | 79,940 |
Religion
In 2002, the population of city of Sremska Mitrovica included 76,290
Climate
Sremska Mitrovica has a humid subtropical climate bordering very closely on a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb) as well as an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb).
Climate data for Sremska Mitrovica (1991–2020, extremes 1961–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) |
23.7 (74.7) |
28.9 (84.0) |
31.6 (88.9) |
34.8 (94.6) |
36.8 (98.2) |
40.7 (105.3) |
39.6 (103.3) |
37.6 (99.7) |
30.2 (86.4) |
25.0 (77.0) |
22.0 (71.6) |
40.7 (105.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
7.3 (45.1) |
13.2 (55.8) |
18.8 (65.8) |
23.4 (74.1) |
27.0 (80.6) |
29.0 (84.2) |
29.3 (84.7) |
24.1 (75.4) |
18.6 (65.5) |
11.5 (52.7) |
5.0 (41.0) |
17.6 (63.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) |
2.3 (36.1) |
6.9 (44.4) |
12.3 (54.1) |
17.3 (63.1) |
20.7 (69.3) |
22.1 (71.8) |
21.9 (71.4) |
16.9 (62.4) |
11.9 (53.4) |
6.8 (44.2) |
1.6 (34.9) |
11.8 (53.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.7 (27.1) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
1.5 (34.7) |
6.1 (43.0) |
11.1 (52.0) |
14.3 (57.7) |
15.4 (59.7) |
15.3 (59.5) |
11.1 (52.0) |
6.9 (44.4) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | −29.5 (−21.1) |
−26.5 (−15.7) |
−17.3 (0.9) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
3.0 (37.4) |
6.4 (43.5) |
5.8 (42.4) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−21.3 (−6.3) |
−29.5 (−21.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38.1 (1.50) |
34.6 (1.36) |
37.6 (1.48) |
44.8 (1.76) |
68.1 (2.68) |
75.4 (2.97) |
59.7 (2.35) |
50.9 (2.00) |
56.6 (2.23) |
56.8 (2.24) |
48.8 (1.92) |
45.7 (1.80) |
617.1 (24.30) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 12.8 | 11.4 | 10.8 | 11.3 | 13.2 | 11.4 | 9.5 | 7.9 | 9.8 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 12.5 | 131.9 |
Average snowy days | 6.8 | 5.7 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 5.1 | 23.0 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
87.8 | 81.7 | 72.5 | 68.2 | 69.0 | 71.4 | 70.7 | 69.8 | 74.3 | 78.5 | 84.5 | 88.7 | 76.4 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 63.6 | 95.1 | 159.2 | 197.5 | 245.2 | 262.0 | 297.0 | 288.0 | 198.5 | 156.2 | 90.5 | 53.2 | 2,106 |
Source: Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia[15][16] |
Economy
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):[17]
Activity | Total |
---|---|
Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 645 |
Mining and quarrying | 16 |
Manufacturing | 5,402 |
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 233 |
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities | 342 |
Construction | 958 |
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 2,887 |
Transportation and storage | 1,080 |
Accommodation and food services | 447 |
Information and communication | 167 |
Financial and insurance activities | 334 |
Real estate activities | 35 |
Professional, scientific and technical activities | 749 |
Administrative and support service activities | 486 |
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security | 1,610 |
Education | 1,339 |
Human health and social work activities | 1,820 |
Arts, entertainment and recreation | 318 |
Other service activities | 332 |
Individual agricultural workers | 1,098 |
Total | 20,298 |
Sport
- KAF Sirmium Legionaries, an American Football club from Sremska Mitrovica. This is the first club of American Football in Serbia.
- FK Srem, a football club from Sremska Mitrovica.
- FK Radnički Sremska Mitrovica, a football club from Sremska Mitrovica.
- KK Val, a canoe club from Sremska Mitrovica.
Notable residents
Roman emperors
Ten Roman emperors were born in the city and its environs:
- Decius Traian (249–51)
- Herennius Etruscus (251-51)
- Hostilian (251-51)
- Claudius II(268-270)
- Quintillus (270)
- Aurelian (270–75)
- Probus(276–82)
- Maximianus Herculius (285–310)
- Constantius II (337–61)
- Gratian (367–83)
The last emperor of the united Roman Empire, Theodosius I (378–95), became emperor in Sirmium. The usurpers Ingenuus and Regalianus also declared themselves emperors in this city (in 260) and many other Roman emperors spent some time in Sirmium including Marcus Aurelius who might have written parts of his famous work Meditations in the city.[citation needed]
Classical antiquity
- Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor (161-180), used Sirmium as a residence in between pannonian military campaigns 170-180
- Maximinus, Roman emperor (235-238), ruled from residence in Sirmium.
- Herennius Etruscus, Roman emperor (251), born in Sirmium.
- Hostilian, Roman emperor (251), born in Sirmium
- Budalianear Sirmium.
- Ingenuus, Roman emperor (260), proclaimed himself emperor in Sirmium.
- Regalianus, Roman emperor (260), proclaimed himself emperor in Sirmium.
- Claudius II, Roman emperor (268-270), born in Sirmium and spent most of his life there.
- Quintillus, Roman emperor (270), born in Sirmium
- Aurelian, Roman emperor (270-275), born in Sirmium.
- Probus, Roman emperor (276-282), born in Sirmium.
- Maximianus Herculius, Roman emperor (285-310), born near Sirmium.
- Galerius, Roman emperor (305-311), ruled as Caesar during the Tetrarchy from residence in Sirmium (293-296).
- Crispus, a Caesar of the Roman Empire. He was proclaimed Caesar in Sirmium in 317.
- Constantine II, a Caesar of the Roman Empire. He was proclaimed Caesar in Sirmium in 317.
- Vetranion, Roman emperor. Proclaimed himself emperor in Sirmium (in 350).
- Constantius II, Roman emperor (337-361), born in Sirmium.
- Gratian, Roman emperor (367-383), born in Sirmium.
- Theodosius I the Great, Roman emperor (378-395). He became emperor in Sirmium.
- Valerius Licinius, prefect of the Diocese of Pannoniawith residence in Sirmium (308-314).
- Aurelius Victor, prefect of the Pannonia Secunda province, wrote a History of Rome under the emperor Julian.
- Leontius, prefect in Sirmium (426).
Middle ages
Modern period
- Mira Banjac, Serbian actress
- Vaso Čubrilović, Serbian historian
- Robert Frangeš-Mihanović, Croatian sculptor
- Petar Gburčik, Serbian scientist
- Nikola Hristić (1818–1911), Serbian politician
- Branislav Ivanović, Serbian footballer
- Siniša Kovačević, Serbian author
- Petar Kralj, Serbian actor
- Mileva Marić, Serbian scientist
- Đorđe Marković Koder (1806–1891), Serbian writer
- Dejan Milovanović, Serbian footballer
- Stjepan Musulin, Croatian linguist and lexicographer
- Milijana Nikolić, operatic mezzo-soprano
- Boško Palkovljević Pinki, People's Hero of Yugoslavia
- Veljko Petrović, Serbian poet
- Igor Pisanjuk (1989), Canadian football player
- Mirjana Puhar(1995-2015), Serbian - American model
- Ilarion Ruvarac (1832–1905), Serbian Churchman and historian
- Mara Švel-Gamiršek (1900–1975), Croatian writer
- Dragana Tomašević, Serbian discus thrower
- Zlatko Tomčić, Croatian politician
- Slavko Vorkapić, Serbian-American film director and editor
- Srđan Dinčić, Serbian stand up comedian and satirist
International relations
Twin towns – sister cities
Sremska Mitrovica is
- Bosnia-Herzegovina[18]
- Dunaújváros, Hungary[19]
See also
- List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina
- List of cities in Serbia
- Councils of Sirmium
- Sremska Mitrovica railway station
References
- ^ "Municipalities of Serbia, 2006". Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
- ISBN 978-86-6161-109-4. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
- ISBN 9789004363908.
- ISBN 9781487596767.
- ISBN 9780786437122.
- ISBN 9780192556462.
- ISBN 9781606065334.
- ^ "Archaelogy [sic]". Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
- ISBN 978-1-107-02838-8.
- ISBN 9780674166981.
- ^ "Serbian Studies". google.com. 1986. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
- ^ Archived 2011-01-06 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
- ^ "Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Republički zavod za statistiku. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
- ^ "Monthly and annual means, maximum and minimum values of meteorological elements for the period 1991–2020" (in Serbian). Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
- ^ "Monthly and annual means, maximum and minimum values of meteorological elements for the period 1981-2010" (in Serbian). Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. Archived from the original on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
- ^ "MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, 2019" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- ^ Градови партнери [City of Banja Luka - Partner cities]. Administrative Office of the City of Banja Luka (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 17 September 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ "Testvérvárosaink". 9 May 2011.