Sri Lanka Matha
| English: Mother Sri Lanka | |
|---|---|
| Sri Lanka Matha | |
National anthem of U.S. Navy Band instrumental version |
The "Sri Lanka Matha" (English: "Mother Sri Lanka"; Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා මාතා, romanized: Śrī Lańkā Mātā; Tamil: ஸ்ரீ லங்கா தாயே, romanized: Srī Laṅkā Tāyē) is the national anthem of Sri Lanka. "Sri Lanka Matha" was composed by Ananda Samarakoon and was originally titled "Namo Namo Matha" ("Salute! Salute! Motherland").[1]
"Sri Lanka Matha" was first performed at an official ceremony on 4 February 1949 at the Independence Memorial Hall in Torrington Square during the national day ceremony. The anthem was given full constitutional recognition in the 1978 Second Republican Constitution.[2]
History
There are differing accounts as to the origin of the "Sri Lanka Matha". The most widely held view is that Sri Lankan composer
Prior to Ceylon's independence (1948) the Lanka Gandharva Sabha had organised a competition to find a national anthem.
More specifically, in 1950
In the late 1950s controversy arose over its first line, "Namo Namo Matha, Apa Sri Lanka".[18][19] It was deemed to be "unlucky" and blamed for the country's misfortunes including the deaths of two prime ministers.[18] In February 1961 the government changed the line to their present form, "Sri Lanka Matha, Apa Sri Lanka", despite Samarakoon's strong opposition.[19][24] Samarakoon committed suicide in April 1962, leaving a note complaining that its lyrics had been mutilated.[19]
The Second Republican Constitution of 1978 gave "Sri Lanka Matha" constitutional recognition.[2]
Multilingual
The Sri Lankan national anthem is available in an identical version in two languages, Sinhala and Tamil, both official languages of the country. It is just one of a number that are sung in more than one language: Belgium (French, Dutch, and German), Canada (English, French and Inuktitut), Finland (Finnish, Swedish), New Zealand (English and Māori), South Africa (Xhosa, Zulu, Sesotho, Afrikaans and English), Suriname (Dutch and Sranan Tongo) and Switzerland (German, French, Italian and Romansh).[25]
"Sri Lanka Thaaye", the Tamil version of the Sri Lankan national anthem, is an exact translation of "Sri Lanka Matha", the Sinhala version, and has the same music.[27] Although it has existed since independence in 1948 it was generally only sung in the north and east of the country where the Tamil language predominates.[27] The Sinhala version of the Constitution uses Sinhala lyrics while the Tamil version of the constitution uses Tamil lyrics. Per the constitution both Sinhala and Tamil are official and national languages and thus the anthem could be sung in both languages.[28]
The majority of Sri Lankans (around 75%) speak the Sinhala language. More specifically, "Tamil is the native language for the Tamil people, who constitute about 15% of Sri Lankans, and for Muslims who are nearly 10%", according to the BBC.[27] Until early 2016, the Sinhala version was the only one to be used during official government events and it was the only version used during international sports and other events.[25] Although the Sinhala version of the anthem was used at official/state events, the Tamil version was also sung at some events in spite of the unofficial ban which ended in early 2016.
The Sinhala version of Sri Lanka Matha was used in all parts of the country with the exception of the North and the East which have a large Tamil population.[24][29][30] Some reports indicate that the Tamil version was used at official events held in the Tamil speaking regions in the North and East of Sri Lanka.[24][25] The Tamil version was sung at Tamil medium schools throughout the country.[24][25] The Tamil version was even used during the period when Sinhala was the only official language of the country (1956–87).[24][25]
Tamil version controversy
On 12 December 2010
Government minister
The Cabinet's December 2010 decision to scrap the Tamil translation of the anthem
In March 2015 newly elected President Maithripala Sirisena announced that he would be issuing a circular which would state that there was no ban on singing the national anthem in Tamil.[52][53] Sirisena's announcement was attacked by Sinhalese Buddhist nationalists.[54][55][56][57]
During Sri Lanka's 68th national independence day celebrations on 4 February 2016, the Tamil version of the anthem was sung for the first time since 1949 at an official government event, the independence day celebrations.[58] Lifting of the unofficial ban on the Tamil version had been approved by President Maithripala Sirisena (who had said he would unite the nation after the nearly 26-year civil war that ended in 2009) and by others in the government.[30] This step was viewed as part of the plan for "post-civil war ethnic reconciliation".[59]
Naturally, Sri Lanka Matha was also sung in Sinhalese. Some groups, and Sri Lanka's former President Mahinda Rajapaksa, were opposed to the government officially allowing the Tamil version to be sung.[27][60][59][61]
In 2020, the Sri Lankan government stopped using the Tamil version of the national anthem at the main Independence Day celebration.[62] However, regional independence day celebrations including those with government involvement in regions with significant Tamil populations continue to sing in both Tamil and Sinhala.[63]
Lyrics
Sinhala version
| Sinhala original[64] | Romanisation | IPA transcription[a] |
|---|---|---|
ශ්රී ලංකා මාතා අප ශ්රී ලංකා |
Śrī laṁkā mātā, apa Śrī laṁkā |
[sriː laŋ.kaː maː.taː | a.pə sriː laŋ.kaː] |
Tamil version
| Tamil original[65] | Romanisation | IPA transcription[b] |
|---|---|---|
சிறீ லங்கா தாயே – நம் சிறீ லங்கா |
Srī laṅkā tāyē – nam Srī laṅkā |
/ɕɾiː ləŋ.gaː taː.jeː | nəm ɕɾiː ləŋ.gaː/ |
Poetic English translation
Thou Mother Lanka, |
Notes
See also
References
- ^ a b "Tagore's influence on Lankan culture". Hindustan Times. 12 May 2010.
- ^ a b "The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka: Chapter I – The People, The State and Sovereignty". Policy Research & Information Unit, Presidential Secretariat, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 2014-05-31.
- ^ "Sri Lanka". The World Factbook. 25 July 2023.
- Times News Network. 3 April 2011. Archived from the originalon February 7, 2017.
- ^ "Sri Lanka I-Day to have anthem in Tamil". The Hindu. 4 February 2016.
- ISBN 81-250-2479-4.
- The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). No. 30 March 2015. Archived from the originalon 11 October 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
- ^ a b Haque, Junaidul (7 May 2011). "Rabindranath: He belonged to the world". The Daily Star (Bangladesh). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- ^ Habib, Haroon (17 May 2011). "Celebrating Rabindranath Tagore's legacy". The Hindu.
- ^ Nandy, Ashis (17 February 2012). "Nationalism, Genuine and Spurious: A Very Late Obituary of Two Early Postnationalist Strains in India". Occasion, Stanford University. 3.
- ISBN 978-1-4828-1805-5.
- The Telegraph. Archived from the originalon October 4, 2017.
- ^ "Five things you need to know about Rabindranath Tagore". Hindustan Times. 9 May 2015.
- ^ Ahmed, Khaled (12 June 2015). "Nationalism over verse". The Indian Express.
- ^ a b "The quest for the right song". The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka). 16 November 2008.
- ^ Saparamadu, Sumana (30 January 2011). "The origin of our National Anthem". Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka).
- ^ Miranda, Sujitha (28 October 2012). "The 'National Anthem' was first sung at Mahinda Galle". The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka).
- ^ a b c Saparamadu, Sumana (14 May 2006). "Ananda Samarakoon - The composer of our national anthem". Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Bamunuarachchi, Jinadasa (2 February 2013). "Vasu, DO NOT KILL Ananda Samarakoon again". Daily News (Sri Lanka).
- ^ The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka).
- ^ a b c d Ariyaratne, Sunil (19 January 2011). "Genesis of national anthem". Daily News (Sri Lanka).
- ^ ISBN 0-8248-1183-6.
- The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Jeyaraj, D. B. S. (17 December 2010). "The language controversy over Sri Lankan National Anthem". dbsjeyaraj.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2010. Retrieved 25 December 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g Kodagoda, Anuradha (22 March 2015). "Namo, Namo...: A matter of language". Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka).
- ^ Jeyaraj, D. B. S. (31 December 2010). "National Anthem: From "Namo Namo" to "Sri Lanka Matha"". dbsjeyaraj.com. Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
- ^ a b c d Ameen, Azzam (4 February 2016). "Sri Lankan anthem sung in Tamil for first time since 1949". BBC News.
- ^ "Supreme Court upholds right to sing National Anthem in Tamil". Lanka Business Online. 18 November 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
- ^ a b "National Anthem only in Sinhala; Tamil version out". The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka). 12 December 2010.
- ^ a b c PTI (4 February 2016). "Sri Lanka lifts unofficial ban on Tamil national anthem on Independence Day". Indian Express. Uttar Pradesh, India. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
- ^ Philips, Rajan (1 January 2011). "The Trilingual Master Plan and Monolingual National Anthem Muddle". The Island (Sri Lanka).
- ^ "National Anthem in Sinhala and Tamil". The Island (Sri Lanka). 16 December 2010.
- ^ "No scrapping Tamil version of national anthem: Sri Lanka". Zee News. 13 December 2010.
- ^ "Sri Lanka denies move to ban national anthem in Tamil". adaderana.lk. 14 December 2010.
- ^ "S.Lanka denies move to ban national anthem in Tamil". Radio Netherlands Worldwide. 13 December 2010.
- ^ "National Anthem and National Identity". The Island (Sri Lanka). 17 December 2010.
- ^ "Lanka scraps Tamil version of national anthem". Zee News. 12 December 2010.
- ^ "Sri Lanka's national anthem now only in Sinhala; Tamil version out". Deccan Herald. 12 December 2010.
- ^ "Sri Lanka scraps Tamil version of its national anthem". NDTV. 13 December 2010.
- ^ Chandra, Anjana. India condensed : 5000 years of history & culture. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions, 2007. page 120
- ^ "National Portal of India".
- Indian Parliament. Archived from the originalon 2011-07-21.
- ^ Roy, Shubhajit (17 June 2006). "NCERT needs to get its lesson right on anthem". The Indian Express.
- ^ "The national anthem of India is in Bangla language?". August 6, 2007.
- ^ PTI (12 December 2010). "Sri Lanka scraps Tamil version of its national anthem". Times of India. Mumbai. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
- ^ "Sri Lanka minister denies Tamil national anthem ban". BBC News. 13 December 2010.
- ^ Reddy, B. Muralidhar (13 December 2010). "Colombo denies reports on Tamil National Anthem". The Hindu.
- ^ The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka).
- ^ "Sri Lanka Tamil national anthem row reignites". BBC News. 28 December 2010.
- The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). 28 December 2010. Archived from the originalon 31 December 2010.
- ^ "'Disaster management' observed with Sinhala anthem in Jaffna". TamilNet. 27 December 2010.
- ^ Balachandran, P. K. (18 March 2015). "Sirisena Allows Singing of Lankan National Anthem in Tamil". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on March 21, 2015.
- ^ "Rumpus over national anthem". The Island (Sri Lanka). 21 March 2015.
- ^ "President Sirisena could be impeached – National Anthem in Tamil". Ceylon Today. 20 March 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- ^ Karunarathne, Waruni (22 March 2015). "National Anthem In Tamil: Mixed Reactions". The Sunday Leader.
- ^ "Sri Lankan national anthem in Tamil causes backlash". Tamil Guardian. 21 March 2015.
- DAWN. 20 March 2015.
- ^ Hiru News (4 February 2016). "Sri Lanka Sings Tamil Version Of National Anthem". Colombo Telegraph. Colombo. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- ^ a b Mallawarachi, Bharatha (4 February 2016). "Sri Lanka Lifts Unofficial Ban on Tamil National Anthem". ABC News. Associated Press.
- ^ Ramakrishnan, T. (4 February 2016). "Sri Lanka I-Day to have anthem in Tamil". The Hindu.
- ^ Ferdinando, Shamindra (5 February 2016). "Singing national anthem in Tamil receives mixed reactions". The Island (Sri Lanka).
- ^ "Sri Lanka drops Tamil national anthem from Independence Day celebrations". Hindustan Times. 2020-02-03. Retrieved 2020-08-02.
- ^ "சிங்கள மாணவர்களால் தமிழ் மொழியிலும் தமிழ் மாணவர்களால் சிங்கள மொழியிலும் தேசிய கீதம் பாடி வவுனியாவில் சுதந்திரதினம் அனுஷ்டிப்பு". Virakesari.lk. Retrieved 2021-02-05.
- ^ "ශ්රී ලංකාවේ ජාතික ගීය - e-තක්සලාව". Ministry of Education, Sri Lanka. 2020-02-24. Archived from the original on 2020-02-24. Retrieved 2022-03-15.
- ^ "ශ්රී ලංகல்வி வெளியீட்டுத் திணைக்களம் - E Thaksalawa" (PDF). Ministry of Education, Sri Lanka. 2018. p. 3. Retrieved 2022-03-15.
External links
