Srivilliputhur Andal temple

Coordinates: 9°30′29.9″N 77°37′49.4″E / 9.508306°N 77.630389°E / 9.508306; 77.630389
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Srivilliputhur Temple
Vijayanagara Kings
Specifications
Temple(s)3 (Vatapatrasayi, Andal and Periyalvar)
Elevation177 m (581 ft)
Website
srivilliputhurandaltemple.tnhrce.in
Part of a series on
Vaishnavism
Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet.
Supreme deity
Vishnu / Krishna / Rama
Important deities
Dashavatara
Other forms
Consorts
Related
Holy scriptures
Puranas
Sampradayas
Others
Teachers—acharyas
Related traditions

The Srivilliputhur Andal Temple in

Divya Desams dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshipped as Vatapatrasayi and his consort Lakshmi as Andal. It is believed to be the birthplace of two of the Alvars, namely Periyalvar and his foster-daughter, Andal.[1]

The temple is associated with the life of Andal, who was found under a

Srirangam Ranganathaswamy temple
married Andal, who later merged with him.

The temple has two divisions – the one of Andal located on the Southwest and the second one of Vatapatrasayi on the Northeast direction. A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines, the garden where Andal is believed to have been born and two of its three bodies of water. The Vijayanagar and Nayak kings commissioned paintings on the walls of the shrine of temple, some of which are still present.

The samprokshanam ritual of the Andal temple was performed on 20 January 2016 by Tamil Nadu Government.[2]

Vatapatrasayi is believed to have appeared to

Thenkalai tradition of worship. Six daily rituals and three yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the Aadipooram festival, the birthday of Andal, celebrated during the Tamil month of Adi (July - August), is the most prominent.The Rajagopura was built by Vijayanagar Kings during 15th century. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu
.

Etymology

As per Hindu legend, the land around Srivilliputhur was under the rule of Queen Malli. The queen had two sons called Villi and Kandan. While the two were hunting in a forest, a tiger killed Kandan. Unaware of this, Villi searched for his brother, got tired and fell asleep. In his dream, divinity narrated to him what happened to his brother. By divine orders, Villi founded a city. The city is originally named after its founder, Villi forming the word Sri-Villi-Puthur.[4] Srivilliputtur is known by other names such as Varaha kshetram, Thenpuduvai, Vadeswarapuram, Vadamahadamapuram, Shenbagaranya kshetram, Vikrama chola chaturvedhi mangalam, and Sridhanvipuri.[5]

Legend

The garden where Periyalvar is believed to have found the child Andal
The tower viewed from an angle

As per the ancient scriptures, the place was referred as Varaha Kshetra. It was a dense forest named Champaka where the sages

Adisesha, his serpent bed, on the leaf of a banyan tree. The place thus came to be known as Vadaveshwarapuram.[5]

Periyalvar (originally called Vishnuchittar) was an ardent devotee of Vishnu and he used to string garland to Vishnu every day. He was childless and he prayed to Vishnu to save him from the longing. One day, he found a girl child under a

Srirangam Ranganathaswamy temple married Andal, who later merged with the idol. Andal was taken in a palanquin from Srivilliputhur to Srirangam before the marriage.[6] Since Andal married Ranganatha, who came as a king (called Raja), the presiding deity is called Rangamannar.[7]

History

Tamil Nadu State's Emblem

The history of Srivilliputhur centres around the Srivilliputhur Andal Temple, dedicated to Andal.[8] It is argued that the temple of Vatapatrasayi is present from the 8th century, but there are epigraphic records are available only from the 10th century CE. The view that the Andal temple was built during the 14th century is highly debated.[7] The temple has inscriptions from Chola, Pandya and Vijayanagar Nayakkar Kings, spanning across various centuries from the 10th to 16th centuries. As per some accounts, the original structure was constructed by Tribuvana Chakravarthy Konerinmai Kondan Kulasekaran and the Andal temple and 194 feet Rajagopura was built by Barathi Rayar of Vijayanagar king.[5]

During the reign of

Thirumalai Nayak (1623–1659) and Rani Mangammal (1689–1706), this city became very popular. Thirumalai Nayak renovated all the temples of this city. He installed choultaries, temple tanks, paintings and golden towers inside the temple. The sculptures in the hall leading to the shrine of Andal were also built by him.[5] From 1751 to 1756 CE, Srivilliputhur came under the rule of Nerkattumseval palayakkarar and was a maravarpalayam.[9] Then it fell into the hands of Mohammed Yousoof Khan. Until 1850, Sri Andal temple was under the care of the king of Trivancore. The British ruled the country till India attained freedom in 1947. The temple's gateway tower, 192 ft (59 m) tall and it is believed that this is the official symbol of the Government of Tamil Nadu (Sri Vatapatrasayi Temple Tower).[10] But the artist who designed the emblem for the state of Tamil Nadu Thiru.Krishna Rao denied that it is not the temple of Srivilliputhur rather it is Meenakshi Temple's West Gopuram.[11] During the modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu.[12]

Architecture

vimana
(ceiling) of Vadapathrasayee shrine

The temple has two divisions – the one of Andal located on the Southwest and the second one is Vatapatrasayi (Vishnu) on the Northeast direction. A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines, the garden where Andal was found and two of its three bodies of water. The rajagopuram, the temple's gateway tower, 192 ft (59 m) tall. The tower is originally believed to have been built by Periyalvar with the prize money he obtained from religious debates in the court of Vallaba Pandya in Madurai.[5]

The Andal shrine houses the image of Andal and Rangamannar. Garuda, who brought Ranganathar, the divine bridegroom, from Srirangam is also housed in the same shrine. The walls around the shrine has paintings of the life of Andal. The second hall from the entrance towards the sanctum, the Kalyana Mandapa, houses huge life-size sculptures of Mohini, Rama, Kamadeva, Rati, and many other deities.[5]

The Vatapatrasayi division has two precincts. The sanctum in the second level approached through a flight of steps houses the image of Vatapatrasayi in a reclining posture and his consorts,

Sanatkumaras, Kinnara Mithuna, the sun and the moon gods are shown all around Rangamannar as well as representations of Villi and Puttan are seen at his feet. The sanctum has three doorways from which the presiding deity can be seen. The hall leading to the sanctum, Bhopala villam, has a hall with detailed teak wood carvings depicting incidents from the Puranas and the ten avatars of Vishnu, the Dashavatara. There are a set of carvings that decorate the ceiling.[5]

The temple houses some rare Vijayanagara sculptures similar to the ones present in

Srivaikuntam, Avudayarkovil, Vaishnava Nambi and Thirukurungudivalli Nachiar temple at Thirukkurungudi.[14]

Religious significance

Srivilliputtur finds mention in Brahmakaivatsapuranam and Varaha puranam. Varaha puranam foretells the existence of Srivilliputtur and the consequent visit of Vishnu in his Varaha form. Brahmakaivatsa puranam mentions the location of Vatapatrasayi Temple in Srivilliputtur.

Srivilliputhur has a significant place in Vaishnava philosophy and worship practices. The Srivilliputtur Divya Desam has the unique distinction among all other Divya Desams of being the birthplace of two important Alvars among the twelve Alvars, Periyalvar, who became the father-in-law of the Ranganatha himself and Andal who was the incarnation of Bhudevi and attained union with the Ranganathan at Srirangam.

Margali. The town wakes up to the sounds of Thiruppavai is believed to lead to a sublime atmosphere throughout the day.[5]

Andal is known for her unwavering devotion to god

Sri Vaishnavas. Adopted by her father, Periyalvar, Andal avoided earthly marriage, the normal and expected path for women of her culture, to marry Vishnu. In many places in India, particularly in Tamil Nadu, Andal is treated more than a saint and as a form of god herself and a shrine for Andal is dedicated in most Vishnu temples.[15]

Festivals and religious practises

Andal temple car in 1960 (kept idle for 18 years)
Andal temple car

The temple follows

tavil (percussion instrument) are played, religious instructions in the Vedas (sacred text) are recited by priests, and worshippers prostrate themselves in front of the temple mast. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple.[17]

Thousands of people from the state participate in the "Aadi Pooram" festival celebrated in the Andal Temple. After early morning special pujas, the presiding deities, Sri Rengamannar and Goddess Andal are taken in decorated palanquins to the car.[18] The festival marks the adoption of presiding deity, Andal, by Periyalvar after he found her near a tulasi plant in the garden of Vatapatrasayi Temple at Srivilliputhur on the eighth day of the Tamil month of Adi.[19][20] The temple car[21] was originally very heavy (40 m tall and 650 tonnes) and it took days to take it back to the original position. Before 2000, the practise of drawing the temple car during the yearly festival was suspended. With the efforts of Vanamamalai Jeer, the head of a monastic institution, the temple car was modified with hydraulic wheels to ease the movement.[5] Kumbabishekam, the consecration of the Andal temple happened on 20 January 2016. Golden filials were also installed for Andal temple. Fridays and Saturdays are considered the ideal time to visit the temple.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ Rajarajan, R.K.K. (2013) Historical sequence of the Vaiṣṇava Divyadeśas. Sacred venues of Viṣṇism. Acta Orientalia, Societates Orientales Danica Fennica Norvegia Svecia, Vol. 74, pp. 37-90. ISSN 0001-6438. https://www.academia.edu/12405403/Historical_sequence_of_the_Vai%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87ava_Divyade%C5%9Bas._Sacred_venues_of_Vi%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87ism Rajarajan, R.K.K. (2012) Antiquity of the Vaiṣṇava divyakśētras in Pāṇḍinādu. Acta Orientalia, Societates Orientales Danica Fennica Norvegia Svecia, Vol. 73, pp. 59-104. https://www.academia.edu/7529429/Antiquity_of_the_divyak%E1%B9%A3etras_in_P%C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Din%C4%81%E1%B8%8Du
  2. ^ a b "Consecration of Srivilliputhur temple" (PDF). Hindu Religious and Endowment Board, Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  3. ^ Rajarajan, R. K. K. "Water, Source of 'Genesis' and the End Macro and Micro Viṣṇu in the Hymns of the Āḻvārs". The Medieval History Journal.
  4. ^ Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, pp. 8-9
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-81-8468-112-3
    .
  6. ^ V., Meena. Temples in South India. Kanniyakumari: Harikumar Arts. p. 10.
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-81-88661-42-8
    .
  8. ISBN 9788126021710
    .
  9. ^ "Princely States of India". Princely State of India. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
  10. ^ "Places of interest". Srivilliputhur municipality. 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  11. ^ "Which Tamil Nadu temple is the state emblem?". Times of India. 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
  12. ^ Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act, 1959
  13. JSTOR 29757285
    .
  14. S2CID 154135978
    .
  15. ^ "Architectural grandeur". The Hindu. Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 12 August 2005. Archived from the original on 20 September 2006.
  16. ^ "Thenkalai customs should prevail in Andal temple". The Hindu. Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 12 November 2011.
  17. ^ "Sri Vadapathrasai, Andal temple". Dinamalar. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
  18. ^ Rajarajan, R.K.K. (2010) Some Rare Sculptures of the ‘Yester’ Śrīvillputtūr Tēr. In Rajarajan, R.K.K. and S. Ganeshram eds. Studies in Art History of India, Delhi: Sharada Publishing House,, pp. 101-105.
  19. ^ "Thousands of devotees likely to throng Srivilliputtur today". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 25 July 2009. Archived from the original on 28 July 2009. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
  20. ^ "Hundreds participate in Andal Temple car festival". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 30 July 2006. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
  21. ISSN 0001-6438
    .

External links

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