St. Catharines
This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2022) |
St. Catharines | ||
---|---|---|
City of St. Catharines | ||
Highways Queen Elizabeth Way | Highway 406 Highway 58 | |
GDP (St. Catharines–Niagara CMA) | CA$15.2 billion (2016)[6] | |
GDP per capita (St. Catharines–Niagara CMA) | CA$37,505 (2016) | |
Website | stcatharines |
St. Catharines is the most populous city in Canada's Niagara Region, the eighth largest urban area in the province of Ontario. As of 2017, St. Catharines has an area of 96.13 square kilometres (37.12 sq mi) and 140,370 residents. It lies in Southern Ontario, 51 kilometres (32 mi) south of Toronto across Lake Ontario, and is 19 kilometres (12 mi) inland from the international boundary with the United States along the Niagara River. It is the northern entrance of the Welland Canal. Residents of St. Catharines are known as St. Catharinites. St. Catharines carries the official nickname "The Garden City" due to its 1,000 acres (4 km2) of parks, gardens, and trails.
St. Catharines is between the
St. Catharines lies on one of the main telecommunications backbones between Canada and the United States, and as a result a number of call centres operate in the city. It is designated an Urban Growth Centre by the Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe, intended to achieve a minimum density target of 150 jobs and residents combined per hectare by 2032 or earlier.[7]
St. Catharines is also home to Brock University.
History
Early history
The
St. Catharines falls within the original territory of the Mississaugas. A treaty signed in 1782 between the Mississaugas and the British government ceded a large tract of land, which included the St. Catharines area, to the Crown for the purpose of European settlement.[9] St. Catharines was settled by Loyalists in the 1780s. The Crown granted land in compensation for services and for losses in the United States. Early histories credit the Loyalists Serjeant Jacob Dittrick and Private John Hainer as among the first settlers to come to the area in 1790.[10] They took their Crown Patents, where Dick's Creek and 12 Mile Creek merge, which is now the city centre of St. Catharines. Historians have speculated that Dick's Creek was named after Richard Pierpoint, a Black Loyalist and former American slave, from an oral history account and events that had taken place around that time that would be consistent with him being the source of the name.[11] Secondary to water routes, indigenous trails provided transportation networks, which resulted in the nearby radial road patterns.[12] The surrounding land was surveyed, and ownships were created between 1787 and 1789.[13]
After the
The Merritt family arrived after this time and was among the later Loyalists to relocate after the American Revolution. They were from the
At an unknown early date, an inn was built by Thomas Adams on the east side of what is now Ontario Street. It became a community meeting place, election centre, stagecoach stop, and mail delivery deposit. That had been preceded by the church and a log school house completed before 1797,[22] all on the east bank of the 12 Mile Creek, at the extreme west end of what was then known as Main Street. It was an extension of the old Iroquois Trail and was renamed St. Paul Street by the settlers and their descendants by the mid-19th century. Later, several mills, salt works, numerous retail outlets, a ship building yard, distillery, and various other businesses were developed.
Incorporated as a village in 1845, St. Catharines had a population of about 3,500 in 1846. The primary industry was flour milling. Other industry included ship repairs, four grist mills, a brewery, three distilleries, a tannery, a foundry, a machine, and a pump factory. There were a variety of tradesmen, three bank agencies, and eight taverns. Stage coaches offered service to other towns and villages. There were already six churches or chapels, a post office that received mail daily, a grammar school, and a weekly newspaper.[23]
St. Catharines was incorporated as a city in 1876.[24] The city expanded when it annexed Grantham Township, Merritton, and Port Dalhousie. There was some westward expansion, which was divided between St. Catharines and Lincoln.[25]
Origin of name
Before it was called St. Catharines, the settlement near Twelve Mile Creek was known by various names, including Shipman's Corners and The Twelve.
Geography
Climate
St. Catharines' climate is
The highest temperature ever recorded in St. Catharines was 40.0 °C (104 °F) on 10 July 1936.[34] The coldest temperature ever recorded was −25.7 °C (−14.3 °F) on 18 February 1979.[35]
Climate data for St. Catharines Airport, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1911–present[a]
| |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high humidex | 20.8 | 20.2 | 29.3 | 34.5 | 43.5 | 44.5 | 46.1 | 49.4 | 42.0 | 39.0 | 27.1 | 25.0 | 49.4 |
Record high °C (°F) | 20.0 (68.0) |
19.4 (66.9) |
26.7 (80.1) |
32.2 (90.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
36.1 (97.0) |
40.0 (104.0) |
38.3 (100.9) |
36.7 (98.1) |
31.1 (88.0) |
26.8 (80.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
40.0 (104.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
0.9 (33.6) |
5.5 (41.9) |
12.4 (54.3) |
19.5 (67.1) |
24.4 (75.9) |
27.1 (80.8) |
25.8 (78.4) |
21.6 (70.9) |
15.1 (59.2) |
8.4 (47.1) |
2.5 (36.5) |
13.6 (56.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.8 (25.2) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
1.1 (34.0) |
7.4 (45.3) |
13.7 (56.7) |
19.0 (66.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
20.8 (69.4) |
16.6 (61.9) |
10.4 (50.7) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
9.0 (48.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.4 (18.7) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
2.2 (36.0) |
7.9 (46.2) |
13.4 (56.1) |
16.6 (61.9) |
15.7 (60.3) |
11.6 (52.9) |
5.6 (42.1) |
0.8 (33.4) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
4.4 (39.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | −23.8 (−10.8) |
−25.7 (−14.3) |
−21.1 (−6.0) |
−15 (5) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
1.0 (33.8) |
6.1 (43.0) |
2.6 (36.7) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−7 (19) |
−13.9 (7.0) |
−24.4 (−11.9) |
−25.7 (−14.3) |
Record low wind chill | −42.0 | −34.6 | −28.3 | −19.7 | −2.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −8.3 | −18.9 | −28.0 | −42.0 |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 65.2 (2.57) |
54.9 (2.16) |
61.7 (2.43) |
77.0 (3.03) |
76.8 (3.02) |
85.9 (3.38) |
77.8 (3.06) |
70.3 (2.77) |
90.6 (3.57) |
67.0 (2.64) |
81.6 (3.21) |
71.5 (2.81) |
880.1 (34.65) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 30.8 (1.21) |
28.9 (1.14) |
39.3 (1.55) |
71.2 (2.80) |
76.3 (3.00) |
86.0 (3.39) |
77.8 (3.06) |
70.3 (2.77) |
90.6 (3.57) |
67.0 (2.64) |
72.1 (2.84) |
44.0 (1.73) |
754.2 (29.69) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 38.6 (15.2) |
29.3 (11.5) |
23.2 (9.1) |
5.8 (2.3) |
0.4 (0.2) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.0) |
9.6 (3.8) |
30.1 (11.9) |
137.1 (54.0) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 16.5 | 13.4 | 13.3 | 13.9 | 11.5 | 10.9 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 14.1 | 15.2 | 150.7 |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 5.8 | 5.8 | 8.4 | 12.4 | 11.5 | 10.9 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.1 | 8.1 | 117.0 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 12.3 | 9.1 | 6.5 | 2.4 | 0.05 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.10 | 3.0 | 9.4 | 42.7 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
73.0 | 67.7 | 62.9 | 57.6 | 55.9 | 58.1 | 57.5 | 59.0 | 60.5 | 64.5 | 69.1 | 71.9 | 63.1 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 64.5 | 106.8 | 140.5 | 166.5 | 242.3 | 279.9 | 277.6 | 255.3 | 185.0 | 155.2 | 80.5 | 69.3 | 2,023.4 |
Percent possible sunshine | 22.2 | 36.2 | 38.1 | 41.5 | 53.3 | 60.9 | 59.6 | 59.1 | 49.2 | 45.2 | 27.5 | 24.7 | 43.1 |
Source: |
The complex and extensive glacial history of the Niagara Peninsula has resulted in similarly complex soil stratigraphy in the area occupied by the city today. St. Catharines was once at the base of a glacial lake known as Glacial Lake Iroquois, which deposited thick layers of clay between the Escarpment and Lake Ontario. As a result of these factors, the city's soil is particularly conducive to fruit growing and is capable of producing grapes that are used to make wines. Three wineries operate in the city's west end: Henry of Pelham Winery, Hernder Estates and Harvest Estates.
Since the opening of the first Welland Canal in 1829, the city has had four different canal systems, whether modified or newly constructed, carved into its geographical landscape. The fourth and present-day canal forms the majority of the city's eastern boundary. The first three of the city's canals have largely been buried, portions of it beside the present-day Highway 406 and near Lake Street and the QEW highway. Other remnants of the original canals can still be seen in various locations throughout the city; many remains are hidden within forested areas designated as city parks. Some residents in the region are interested in restoring the original routing of the Welland Canal through the city. They intend that the restored waterway and locks would be open to a new tourist attraction within the city.
St. Catharines was affected by the Blizzard of 1977, an event which resulted in more than 150 cm of snow, wind that travelled the speed of 110 km/h, and a wind chill of approximately -45 degrees Celsius. The Queen Elizabeth Way (QEW) was closed and a state of emergency was declared. The Canadian Armed Forces was involved in rescue efforts.[37]
Communities
St. Catharines' development history has resulted in a number of unique and distinct communities within the city. The historical area of St. Catharines consisted of nothing more than what is now the downtown core, with the remaining land being part of
Along with the rest of Ontario, St. Catharines experienced explosive growth after World War II. St. Catharines continued to annex Grantham Township as development continued, including the large swaths of land to the north known now as "
With the formation of the
The following distinct communities exist within St. Catharines:
- Carlton - Bunting
- Grantham
- Port Dalhousie
- Lakeshore
- Port Weller
- Facer
- Lancaster
- Michigan Beach
- The North End
- St. George's Point
- Kernahan
- Merritton
- Oakdale
- Secord Woods
- Queenston
- Fitzgerald
- Haig
- Orchard Park
- Downtown St. Catharines
- Barbican Heights
- Brockview
- Glenridge
- Marsdale
- Riverview
- Louth
- Martindale Heights
- Power Glen
- Vansickle
- Western Hill
Downtown
Numerous efforts have been made to improve the downtown; the restructuring of manufacturing resulted in a loss of jobs and retail businesses. In the early 21st century, city, university, and private developers undertook several initiatives to revive downtown, related to urban design, clustering activities to attract people to the area as a destination from day through evening events.
In 2006, city council approved converting one-way arteries through the city centre to allow for two-way traffic, to make it easier for people to make their way around the city to explore it. In terms of urban planning and use, two-way traffic improves circulation within the area. The city wanted to improve downtown as a destination, rather than a place to pass through. The council also want to have downtown St. Catharines on the Wine Route, a driving tour of Niagara wineries and an Ontario Wine Council initiative to boost the number of visitors to the region's many wineries.[38] The Wine Route was modified to officially redirect winery goers through the downtown starting in 2012.[39] The first phase of two-way traffic was completed in 2009, with St. Paul and King streets being converted. The cost of the conversion was $3.5 million and was shared with Niagara Region.[40] In 2012, most observers concluded that the change had achieved its goals; it garnered national media attention.[41]
In 2009, $54 million in joint federal, provincial and municipal funding was announced for the construction of a performing arts centre in the city's core, officially opened in September 2015 as the FirstOntario Performing Arts Centre. Complementing the centre, which features concert, dance and film venues, is Brock University's Marilyn I. Walker School of Fine and Performing Arts. The university renovated the former Canada Hair Cloth Building to use for the school. This former industrial building is behind St. Paul Street and next to the municipal performing arts centre.[42]
In late 2011, city council approved moving forward with the construction of a new spectator facility to replace the crumbling Garden City Arena Complex, built in 1938. Council voted to build a U-shaped facility, which will be home to the Niagara IceDogs, an Ontario Hockey League team, and be able to host other events, such as concerts. It would have room for 4,500 to 5,300 spectators. The goal is to keep the cost of the facility at or below $50 million and to build it on a swath of land known locally as the lower-level parking lot, behind St. Paul Street and abutting Highway 406.[43] Council's commitment to build the facility resulted in IceDogs' owner Bill Burke promising to sign a 20-year lease with the city after he threatened to move his team if the city chose not to build a new arena.[44]
The city has made other infrastructure improvements to the downtown. In January 2012, a new edition of the Carlisle Street Parking Garage opened. It was built to Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design standards and was certified for its environmentally friendly features, including a green roof, preferred carpool and hybrid vehicle parking, greywater collection, permeable interlocking brick pavement, and several bike racks for users. A mixed-use development, the structure was planned for retail space at street level on Carlisle Street, in order to promote activity and business on the street. The project cost $27.9 million, with funding split three ways between the federal, provincial and municipal governments.[45] Starting in 2019, certain streets located in downtown St. Catharines have been closed during weekends to vehicle traffic. These pedestrian zones have expanded over time. $214,500 (~$237,951 in 2023) was allocated in the city's budget in 2021 for these road closures.[46] In 2023, this initiative was discontinued.[47]
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1841 | 3,500 | — |
1871 | 7,864 | +124.7% |
1881 | 9,631 | +22.5% |
1891 | 9,170 | −4.8% |
1901 | 9,946 | +8.5% |
1911 | 12,484 | +25.5% |
1921 | 19,881 | +59.3% |
1931 | 24,753 | +24.5% |
1941 | 30,025 | +21.3% |
1951 | 37,984 | +26.5% |
1961 | 84,472 | +122.4% |
1971 | 109,722 | +29.9% |
1981 | 124,018 | +13.0% |
1991 | 129,300 | +4.3% |
2021 | 136,803 | +2.8% |
Ethnic origin 2021[48]
(>2000 population) |
Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
English | 31,030 | 23.1% |
Scottish | 24,775 | 18.4% |
Irish | 22,070 | 16.4% |
Canadian | 19,025 | 14.2% |
German | 16,000 | 11.9% |
Italian | 12,515 | 9.3% |
French | 11,345 | 8.4% |
Dutch | 9,120 | 6.8% |
Ukrainian | 6,955 | 5.2% |
Polish | 6,930 | 5.2% |
British Isles n.o.s. | 6,015 | 4.5% |
Welsh | 2,600 | 1.9% |
Russian | 2,440 | 1.8% |
Chinese | 2,405 | 1.8% |
Hungarian | 2,290 | 1.7% |
Caucasian (White), n.o.s. | 2,215 | 1.6% |
First Nations n.o.s.
+ North American Indigenous, n.o.s. |
2,185 | 1.6% |
French Canadian | 2,130 | 1.6% |
Indian (India) | 2,110 | 1.6% |
Filipino | 2,020 | 1.5% |
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, St. Catharines had a population of 136,803 living in 58,903 of its 61,977 total private dwellings, a change of 2.8% from its 2016 population of 133,113. With a land area of 96.2 km2 (37.1 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,422.1/km2 (3,683.1/sq mi) in 2021.[49]
At the
Since 1998, St. Catharines has had one of the highest obesity rates of any centre in Canada. A 2001 analysis by Statistics Canada showed that 57.3 percent of its residents were overweight.[51] This has caused some elements of the media, including CTV,[51] the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation[52][53] and The Globe and Mail to dub St. Catharines as Canada's "fattest" city.[54] In 2008, new statistics were released that show that the percentage obese or obese/overweight residents of Hamilton (74.3%), Kingston (70.1%), and St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador (70%) is now higher than St. Catharines-Niagara (69.3%), though the obesity rate in St. Catharines was higher in 2008 than in 1998.[55]
23% of children in St. Catharines were estimated to be living in poverty as of 2015, which was above Canada's average rate of child poverty.[56] In 2022, the municipality itself as an employer became the largest in Ontario to offer a living wage, an action praised by the Niagara Poverty Reduction Network.[57]
Ethnicity
As of the 2021 Census,
Panethnic group |
2021[58] | 2016[59] | 2011[60] | 2006[61] | 2001[62] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
European[b] | 108,815 | 81% | 109,770 | 84.54% | 113,650 | 88.26% | 115,060 | 88.5% | 117,020 | 92.23% |
African
|
5,540 | 4.12% | 3,715 | 2.86% | 2,675 | 2.08% | 2,615 | 2.01% | 1,910 | 1.51% |
South Asian | 3,325 | 2.48% | 1,865 | 1.44% | 1,430 | 1.11% | 1,690 | 1.3% | 1,385 | 1.09% |
Indigenous | 3,305 | 2.46% | 3,550 | 2.73% | 2,425 | 1.88% | 1,915 | 1.47% | 1,480 | 1.17% |
Southeast Asian[c] | 3,295 | 2.45% | 2,340 | 1.8% | 1,675 | 1.3% | 2,175 | 1.67% | 1,215 | 0.96% |
East Asian[d] | 3,090 | 2.3% | 3,475 | 2.68% | 2,565 | 1.99% | 2,100 | 1.62% | 1,710 | 1.35% |
Latin American | 3,065 | 2.28% | 2,175 | 1.68% | 1,920 | 1.49% | 2,310 | 1.78% | 785 | 0.62% |
Middle Eastern[e] | 2,130 | 1.59% | 1,780 | 1.37% | 1,630 | 1.27% | 1,550 | 1.19% | 870 | 0.69% |
Other[f] | 1,770 | 1.32% | 1,175 | 0.9% | 780 | 0.61% | 595 | 0.46% | 500 | 0.39% |
Total responses | 134,335 | 98.2% | 129,845 | 97.54% | 128,765 | 97.99% | 130,005 | 98.5% | 126,875 | 98.22% |
Total population | 136,803 | 100% | 133,113 | 100% | 131,400 | 100% | 131,989 | 100% | 129,170 | 100% |
- Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.
Religion
In 2021, 58.3% of residents were Christians, down from 71.8% in 2011.[63] 25.8% of residents were Catholic, 17.8% were Protestant, 9.4% were Christians of unspecified denomination, 1.3% were Christian Orthodox, and 3.9 were other Christian/Christian related traditions. 35.9% of the population had were irreligious or secular, up from 24.5% in 2011. All other religions/spiritual traditions made up 5.8% of the population. The largest non-Christian religions were Islam (3.4%), Buddhism (0.6%), and Hinduism (0.6%).
Economy
Tourism was considered to be an influential factor in
Arts and culture
Theatre
St. Catharines is also home to a variety of theatre companies. These companies include Garden City Productions (formerly the Operatic Society of Grantham United Church 1956–1962), Carousel Players (in the Old Courthouse), Mirror Theatre, Essential Collectives Theatre, and the Empty Box Theatre Company. In 2015, the FirstOntario Performing Arts Centre opened.[67] In 2016, the Film House launched within the space, featuring cinema screenings with themed or genre-specific nights.[68]
Events
The Grape and Wine Festival Parade is held annually each September. More than 100,000 people were anticipated for the 2022 event.[69]
The International Chicken Chucking Championships takes place every January in the St. Catharines neighbourhood of Port Dalhousie and attracts hundreds of participants and observers.[70] Chicken Chucking consists of pitching or sliding frozen chickens along the ice-covered Martindale Pond and is hosted by the Kilt and Clover. Animal rights groups such as Niagara Action for Animals have protested the event.[71] Proceeds from the event are donated to Community Care, a local food bank.[72]
St. Catharines was one of the cities that hosted the 2022 Canada Summer Games. More than 5,000 athletes and coaches arrived for the games, which took place from August 6 to August 21, 2022. The opening ceremony was held at the Meridian Centre.[73]
Attractions
- Lakeside Park Carousel – historic carousel located in Port Dahousie
- Morningstar Mill – heritage site and mill
- Pen Centre – a regional shopping centre
- The St. Catharines Armoury is a recognized Federal Heritage building, #1991 on the Register of the Government of Canada Heritage Buildings.[74]
Parks
- Montebello Park: Designed by Frederick Law Olmsted in 1887, who was renowned for designing and developing New York City's Central Park in 1853. A commemorative rose garden, with over 1,300 bushes in 25 varieties, is the city's largest rose collection; it features an ornamental fountain. The focal point of the park is a band shell and pavilion built in 1888. The park is designated under the Ontario Heritage Act.
- Lakeside Park: Located in the North end, along the shores of Lake Ontario in the community known as Port Dalhousie. Hosts yearly fireworks displays on 1 July (Canada Day). Has picnic areas, a pavilion, snack bar, change rooms, washrooms, playground equipment, boardwalk, the Lakeside Park Carousel, and public docks for visiting boaters. The beach offers magnificent sunset views over Lake Ontario. Lakeside Park inspired a song by the rock band Rush which describes the park itself and drummer/lyricist Neil Peart's memories there.[75]
- Burgoyne Woods: A 50-hectare (0.5 km2) wooded area and recreational park near the Downtown core. It also contains a dog park and is the host of annual cross country races within the District School Board of Niagara (DSBN) and the Niagara Catholic District School Board (NCDSB).
- Happy Rolph's Bird Sanctuary: A 6-hectare (0.06 km2) park on the shores of 9/11terrorist attacks.
- Ontario Jaycee Gardens: Overlooking the Henley Rowing Course, this is the city's largest horticultural park, with more than 8 hectares (0.08 km2) of meticulously landscaped gardens and flower displays. Among the displays is a memorial site dedicated to Kristen French. The park exists on land that once featured the Third Welland Canal. The former entrance to the canal can still be seen at the north-west end of the park.
- Walker Arboretum: Located along the hillside of Rodman Hall and the Twelve Mile Creek below, the original owner of this estate was Empress treesin Canada.
- Woodgale Park: Located along Glendale Avenue between Glenridge Avenue and the Pen Centre. Features wide open spaces, flowing fruit trees, rare birds, a soccer field and tennis courts. Also features a memorial to the original farm building on the north end of the park near Denis Morris Catholic High School. Locally known as Doug Hill Park, after a nearby resident who coached a number of baseball and tug of war teams in this area.
Trail system
The city's trail system offers over 90 kilometres (55 mi) of accessible pathways that are suitable for walking, jogging, cycling, hiking and cross-country skiing.
- Bruce Trail: Canada's oldest and longest hiking trail, following the Niagara Escarpment (designated as a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve site) from Niagara-on-the-Lake to Tobermory. A 20-kilometre (12 mi) section with associated side trails winds through St. Catharines passing by places such as the Morningstar Mill.
- Merritt Trail: a segmented 11 km (6.8 mi) trail that passes many of the old sections of the second Welland Canal and remnants of its locks.
- Laura Secord Legacy Trail – a trail that was established to commemorate Laura Secord's 32 km walk to warn of an upcoming American attack during the War of 1812.[76]
- Terry Fox Trail: a 1.5 km trail that runs along Carlon Street and Geneva Street. Six exercise stations are placed throughout it.[77]
- Port Dalhousieportion of the trail is a major highlight.
- Welland Canals Parkway Trail: The trail is 45 km, stretching from St. Catharines to Port Colborne.[78]
Sports
Ice hockey
St. Catharines entered into the Ontario Hockey Association Junior 'A' Hockey in 1943 as the St. Catharines Falcons. In 1947, they became the Teepees and were affiliated with the American Hockey League's Buffalo Bisons. When the National Hockey League's (NHL) Chicago Blackhawks made the Bisons their number one farm team, they inherited the Teepees. In the 1960s, the Jr. 'A' team went deeply into debt to the Chicago Black Hawks, but continued as a successful franchise and were named the St. Catharines Black Hawks. The Hamilton Fincups moved to St. Catharines in 1976 and played here for one year before moving back to Hamilton. The AHL St. Catharines Saints played in St. Catharines between 1982 and 1986, before being forced to re-locate to Newmarket due to protests from the NHL Buffalo Sabres. The St. Catharines Saints served as the farm team for the Toronto Maple Leafs, and today are known as the Toronto Marlies.
In 2007, the
The St. Catharines Falcons play in the Golden Horseshoe Division of the Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League. The team has played since 1968 and plays all home games out of the Jack Gatecliff Arena. The team were runners up for the Sutherland Cup in 1979, 1990, 1994, 1997, 2000 and 2014, but won the cup in 2012.
Basketball
In 2015, the National Basketball League of Canada announced that Niagara had been awarded a new franchise to play in the Meridian Centre. The team, named the Niagara River Lions, began play in 2015 where they reached the conference quarterfinals. The team joined the Canadian Elite Basketball League after the 2017–18 season. In 2021, the River Lions had one of their best seasons, finishing 2nd with a 10–4 record. The River Lions made it through the playoffs into the finals, where they lost 65–101 to the Edmonton Stingers.
Baseball
The city was the home of the
Rugby
St. Catharines Tigers RFC was formed in 1978. Beginning in 2015, the Tigers joined the Niagara Wasps RFC and play at their field in Thorold.
Soccer
Rowing
Martindale Pond in St. Catharines'
Sailing
There are marinas at Port Dalhousie and Port Weller and a club that sails from Municipal Beach. The St. Catharines Marina is at Port Weller. The Port Dalhousie Pier Marina and the Port Dalhousie Yacht Club are at Port Dalhousie.
Government
Municipal
St. Catharines uses a
Provincial
Year | Liberal | Conservative | New Democratic | Green | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2021 | 38% | 25,971 | 33% | 22,587 | 21% | 14,785 | 2% | 1,318 | |
2019 | 40% | 28,141 | 32% | 22,319 | 21% | 14,951 | 6% | 4,299 |
Year | PC | New Democratic | Liberal | Green | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022 | 35% | 18,062 | 39% | 20,318 | 16% | 8,455 | 4% | 2,169 | |
2018 | 34% | 21,006 | 38% | 23,014 | 23% | 13,825 | 4% | 2,321 |
At the provincial level,
Federal
Federally,
Legal
St. Catharines is the judicial seat of the Niagara North Judicial District of Ontario, Central South Region, which represents the northern half of the Niagara Region equivalent to historic Lincoln County. The Superior Court of Justice is on Church Street across from City Hall. A satellite court is in Grimsby. The city forms "1 District" of the Niagara Regional Police Service. The NRPS headquarters are no longer on Church Street, having moved to Niagara Falls in a finally constructed new building with administrative offices and support services on Cushman Road.
Infrastructure
Transportation
The most defining transportation icon of St. Catharines is the Welland Canal, a ship canal that runs 43.4 kilometres (27.0 mi), passing through the city. Four of its locks are within city boundaries. The canal allows shipping vessels to traverse the 99.5-metre (326.5 ft) drop in altitude from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. The Garden City Skyway is a nearby bridge that facilitates vehicle traffic into the city.
The main access routes into and out of St. Catharines are served by two major
Public transportation is served by the
Though transportation by rail is becoming increasingly popular, the
St. Catharines had one of the first
Education
Secondary schools
The
The
Ridley College, near the city's downtown core in the Western Hill neighbourhood, is a private co-educational boarding and day school. It was established as a boys' school in 1889, and became co-educational in 1973.
Post-secondary
St. Catharines is home to
The Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine is a medical school operated by McMaster University with a campus in downtown St. Catharines. Prior to 2004, it was known as the McMaster University School of Medicine.[90]
Although not a part of St. Catharines itself, there are nearby campuses for
Media
Newspapers
- St. Catharines Standard (daily)
- Niagara This Week (community weekly)
- The Brock Press (student newspaper for Brock University)[91]
Radio
- AM 610:
- AM 1220: CFAJ, Oldies
- FM 97.7: CHTZ (HTZ FM), active rock
- FM 103.7: CFBU, Brock University campus radio
- FM 105.7: adult contemporary
Television
The Niagara region has no television service of its own. Stations broadcasting from Toronto,
Sister City
See also
Notes
- St. Catharines Airport(June 1971 to present).
- ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
References
- ^ 2016 Census of Population. Statistics Canada. Archivedfrom the original on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
- ^ 2011 Census of Population. Statistics Canada. Archivedfrom the original on 18 July 2013. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ 2011 Census of Population. Statistics Canada. Archivedfrom the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ 2011 Census of Population. Statistics Canada. Archivedfrom the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- Environment Canada. Archived from the originalon 17 July 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ "Table 36-10-0468-01 Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by census metropolitan area (CMA) (x 1,000,000)". Statistics Canada. 27 January 2017. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- ^ "Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe 2017" (PDF). placestogrow.ca. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- ^ "St. Catharines". The Canadian Encyclopedia. 30 March 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
- ^ Shanahan, David. "Between the Lakes Treaty". Anishinabek News. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ISBN 9780969525110.
- ^ Hughes, Alun. "RICHARD PIERPOINT AND THE NAMING OF DICK'S CREEK" (PDF). Brock University. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
- ISBN 9780802009333. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
- ^ Yales Street and Area District Conservation District Study (PDF) (Report). City of St. Catharines. 1994. p. 12.
- ^ National Archives of Canada RG 19 Vol 4447 Parcel 3
- ^ Wilson, Bruce (1983). The Enterprises of Robert Hamilton
- ^ Wilson, Bruce (2000)"Hamilton, Robert". Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
- ^ a b Merritt, Jedediah Prendergast (1875). Biography of the Hon. W. H. Merritt, M. P.: Of Lincoln, District of Niagara, Including an Account of the Origin, Progress and Completion of Some of the Most Important Public Works in Canada. E. S. Leavenworth, book and job printing establishment. p. 6.
- ^ "First Welland Canal 1824-1833, The". Ontario Heritage Trust. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
- ^ "Harriet Tubman House". Harriet Tubman Historical Society. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
- ^ "Harriet Tubman and her connection to a small church in Ontario". Public Radio International. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
- ^ "St. Catharines museum marks Black History Month". Niagara This Week. 21 February 2017. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
- ^ Ontario Historical Society, Papers & Records Vol. XXXVI (1975), "The Petition of John Hainer and Jacob Dittrick, page 201" and Upper Land Petitions " H " Bundle 3, 1797 (National Archives of Canada RG1 L3 Vol. 224)
- ^ Smith, Wm. H. (1846). SMITH'S CANADIAN GAZETTEER – STATISTICAL AND GENERAL INFORMATION RESPECTING ALL PARTS OF THE UPPER PROVINCE, OR CANADA WEST. Toronto: H. & W. ROWSELL. pp. 177–178.
- ^ "Party in place to help City celebrate its 144th birthday". City of St. Catharines. 27 April 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
- ^ Gayler, Hugh; Jackson, John. "St. Catharines". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
- ^ a b Jackson, John N. (1976). Jackson, John N. St. Catharines, Ontario: Its Early Years. Belleville, ON: Mika Pub. Company. pp. 134–139.
- ^ Hughes, Alun (September 2008). "The Evolution of St. Catharines as a Municipality" (PDF).
- ^ "Why St. Catharines with two "a's" ? · So Many Catharine's · Brock University Library". exhibits.library.brocku.ca. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
- ^ Keefer, Thomas C. (1920). "Forward: A Man and his vision—an appreciation of the Projector of the Welland Canal and the Founder of the City of St. Catharines"". The old Welland canal and the man who made it / foreword by Mrs. Margaret Hamilton Alden. St. Catharines: The Print Shop. pp. 4–15.
- ^ "History of the City". www.stcatharines.ca. 10 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
- ^ "Professor asks: how did St. Catharines get its name?". NiagaraThisWeek.com. 31 March 2006. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
- ISSN 1027-5606. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2012.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ "About Our City". City of St Catharines. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
- ^ Environment Canada. 9 February 2011. Archivedfrom the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^ Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Archivedfrom the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
- Environment Canada. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
- ^ Roy, Cathy (27 January 2022). "Niagara's recent storm kindles memories of Blizzard of '77". St. Catharines Standard. Niagara This Week. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
- ^ "City makes pitch to have wine route redirected ... | St. Catharines Standard". stcatharinesstandard.ca. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
- ^ "Wine route is moving downtown | St. Catharines Standard". stcatharinesstandard.ca. Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
- ^ "Two-way traffic returns to downtown | Welland Tribune". wellandtribune.ca. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
- ^ "Taking a u-turn on the one-way street | National Post". news.nationalpost.com. 8 January 2012. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
- ^ nurun.com. "Funding announced for downtown performing arts ... | St. Catharines Standard". stcatharinesstandard.ca. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
- ^ "St. Catharines approves new spectator facility". Archived from the original on 18 July 2012.
- ^ nurun.com. "No arena, no IceDogs | St. Catharines Standard". stcatharinesstandard.ca. Archived from the original on 3 December 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
- ^ "Put it in park in the new Carlisle Street Parking Garage" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
- ^ Benner, Allan (18 November 2021). "Downtown St. Catharines road closures to continue next summer". St. Catharines Standard. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
- ^ Walter, Karena (20 January 2023). "Downtown pedestrian street program not making a comeback this spring in St. Catharines". St. Catharines Standard. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
- ^ a b "2021 Census Profile: St. Catharines, City". Statistics Canada.
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Ontario". Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations". Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
- ^ a b "St. Catharines tops list of Canada's 'fattest' cities. W-Five, July 21, 2001". ctv.ca. Archived from the original on 28 March 2007. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- ^ "CBC.ca, National Population Health Survey 1998, Statistics Canada". cbc.ca. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- ^ "CBC.ca, Obese Nation: Statistics, November 8, 2006". cbc.ca. Archived from the original on 15 November 2004. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- ^ Picard, André (21 July 2001). "Fattest & Fittest, St. Catharines leads the fat parade". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 2 February 2007 – via andrepicard.com.
- ^ "Regional differences in obesity" (PDF). Statistics Canada.
- ^ Clock, Cheryl (4 November 2015). "Child poverty in St. Catharines: nearly 1 in 4". Niagara Falls Review. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
- ^ "City of St. Catharines is now the largest Ontario municipality to offer a living wage". CBC News. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (27 October 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (27 November 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (20 August 2019). "2006 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2 July 2019). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ "NHS Profile, St. Catharines, CY, Ontario, 2011". Statistics Canada. 8 May 2013.
- ^ Nicolaou, Victoria (19 July 2022). "Cautious optimism as St. Catharines-Niagara economy looks to rebound". St. Catharines Standard. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- ^ "ST. CATHARINES". Canadian Business Journal. 29 January 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- ^ Walter, Karena (3 June 2022). "Councillors split on exploring more tax incentives for former GM property". St. Catharines Standard. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ^ Walter, Karena (15 November 2015). "Arts centre opening draws large crowd". St. Catharines Standard. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015.
- ^ Walter, Karena (21 February 2016). "Movies set to premiere in downtown St. Catharines". St. Catharines Standard. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
- ^ Benner, Allan (19 July 2022). "More than 100,000 expected to return to St. Catharines for return of Grape and Wine Festival". St. Catharines Standard. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
- ^ Walter, Karena (17 January 2009) "Time for a poultry-pitching party", The St. Catharines Standard. Retrieved 27 December 2009.
- ^ Drevfjall, Ludvig. "ONTARIO: Animal rights group plans to crash charity chicken throwing contest". Guelphtoday.com.
- ^ "Teams chuck chickens for charity". Niagara Falls Review. NiagaraThisWeek. 18 February 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
- ^ Walter, Karena (5 August 2022). "How to catch the Niagara 2022 Canada Summer Games". St. Catharines Standard. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
- ^ "Register of the Government of Canada Heritage Buildings". pc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- ^ "Rush's Neil Peart honoured with Lakeside Park pavilion in Port Dalhousie". stcatharinesstandard.com. 4 June 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
- ^ "The legacy of a Canadian heroine lives on in Niagara-on-the-Lake". Trans Canada Trail. 21 June 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
- ^ "Terry Fox Trail". Ontario Trails. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- ^ Fleming, Liz (30 December 2021). "St. Catharines: A city rich in history and nature". Toronto Star. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
- ^ "St. Catharines awarded 2024 World Rowing Championships". Rowing Canada Aviron. 2 September 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
- ^ Bergsma, Marleen (25 October 2010). "Brian McMullan takes St. Catharines mayor's seat with decisive victory". St Catharines Standard. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
- ^ Sawchuck, Bill (28 October 2014). "Sendzik seals the deal". St. Catharines Standard. Archived from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
- ^ Walter, Karena (1 December 2014). "Sendzik vows to bring "hometown pride" back to city". St. Catharines Standard. Archived from the original on 6 August 2016.
- ^ "Official Voting Results Raw Data (poll by poll results in St. Catharines)". Elections Canada. 7 April 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
- ^ "Official Voting Results by polling station (poll by poll results in St. Catharines)". Election Ontario. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
- ^ "Jim Bradley voted out after 41 years as MPP in St. Catharines". CBC News. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- ^ LaFleche, Grant. "Dykstra, Allen lose their seats". St. Catharines Standard. Archived from the original on 21 October 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
- ^ Hammer, Kate (25 February 2011). "Proposed school for low-income students ignites controversy". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
- ^ "French Immersion Schools". DSBN. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
- ^ Rau, Krishna (21 February 2007). "Mennonite high school fully funded: The game of political hot potato surrounding Eden". Xtra Magazine. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
- ^ "History of the School of Medicine". Faculty of Health Sciences. McMaster University. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
- ^ "The Brock Press". Brockpress.com. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
- ^ "Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2005-544". Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. Government of Canada. 18 November 2005. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
- ^ "Listing of Twinning Cities – City of Port of Spain". cityofportofspain.gov.tt. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2018.