St Paul's Cathedral, Mdina
Metropolitan Cathedral of Saint Paul | |
---|---|
Il-Katidral Metropolitan ta' San Pawl | |
Archdiocese of Malta | |
Clergy | |
Archbishop | Charles Scicluna |
Archpriest | Anthony Cassar |
The Metropolitan Cathedral of Saint Paul (
The cathedral is the seat of the
History
According to tradition, the site of the Mdina cathedral was originally occupied by a palace belonging to Saint Publius, the Roman governor of Melite who greeted Paul the Apostle after he was shipwrecked in Malta. According to the Acts of the Apostles, Paul cured Publius' father and many other sick people on the island.[1] Though there are remains of a Roman domus in the present crypt, and the tradition is a commonly believed legend, the version of event is not supported by archaeologists or historians. It is considered as part of a collection of Pauline mythologies in Malta.[2]
The first cathedral which stood on the site is said to have been dedicated to the
Following the
In 1679, Bishop Miguel Jerónimo de Molina and the cathedral chapter decided to replace the medieval choir with one built in the Baroque style, and the architect Lorenzo Gafà was appointed to design and oversee the construction. The cathedral was severely damaged a few years later in the 1693 Sicily earthquake, and although parts of the building were undamaged, on 11 April 1693 the decision was taken to dismantle the old cathedral and rebuild it in the Baroque style to a design of Gafà. The choir and sacristy, which had survived the earthquake, were incorporated into the new cathedral. Works began in 1696, and the building was almost complete by 1702. It was consecrated by Bishop Davide Cocco Palmieri on 8 October 1702. The cathedral was fully completed on 24 October 1705, when work on the dome was finished.[6] The building is regarded as Gafà's masterpiece.[7]
In the late 1720s, some medieval houses to the south of the cathedral were demolished in order to make way for a square, the Bishop's Palace and the Seminary (now the Cathedral Museum). The square in front of the cathedral was enlarged in the early 19th century following the demolition of some medieval buildings.[7]
The cathedral was damaged in another earthquake in 1856, when the 18th-century frescoes on the dome were destroyed.[8]
Today, the cathedral is one of the main tourist attractions of Mdina.[9] It is a Grade 1 national monument, and it is also listed on the National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands.[10]
Architecture
Exterior
St. Paul's Cathedral is built in the
Interior
The cathedral has a
The ceiling contains frescoes depicting the life of St. Paul which were painted by the Sicilian painters Vincenzo, Antonio and Francesco Manno in 1794.[13] The Manno brothers also painted frescoes on the dome, but these were destroyed during repair works after an earthquake in 1856. A new fresco was painted on the dome by Giuseppe Gallucci in 1860, and it was later restored by Giuseppe Calì. Gallucci's and Calì's paintings were destroyed due to urgent repair works in 1927, and they were later replaced by a fresco depicting The Glory of St Peter and St Paul by Mario Caffaro Rore. The ceiling was restored by Samuel Bugeja in 1956. The church is lit up by three stained glass windows which were produced in Victor Gesta's workshop in the late 19th century.[8]
Many artifacts from the pre-1693 cathedral survived the earthquake and were reused to decorate the new cathedral. These include a late Gothic–early Renaissance baptismal font dating back to 1495,[8] the old cathedral's main door which was made in 1530, some 15th-century choir stalls, as well as a number of paintings.[14]
The cathedral's aisles, chapels and sacristy contain several paintings and frescoes, including works by Mattia Preti and his bottega, Francesco Grandi, Domenico Bruschi, Pietro Gagliardi, Bartolomeo Garagona, Francesco Zahra, Luigi Moglia and Alessio Erardi. The titular altarpiece depicts the Conversion of St Paul on the Road to Damascus, and it is the work of Mattia Preti.[15]
Some of the marble used to decorate the cathedral was taken from the Roman ruins of Carthage and Melite. Sculptors and other artists whose work decorates the cathedral include Giuseppe Valenti, Claudio Durante, Alessandro Algardi and Vincent Apap.[15]
Cathedral Museum
The Cathedral Museum was established in 1897, and it was initially housed in some halls adjacent to the cathedral. In 1969, the museum was transferred into the former Seminary in Archbishop's Square (Maltese: Pjazza tal-Arċisqof or Misraħ l-Arċisqof) facing the cathedral's side entrance. The Seminary had been built between 1733 and 1742 in the Baroque style.[16] It is attributed to the architects Giovanni Barbara or Andrea Belli, although Barbara was dead when construction began, leaving Belli as the more likely candidate.[17]
The museum's collection includes an eclectic secular and ecclesiastical repertoire. This includes religious and profane artworks spanning from the 14th to the early 20th century, including a number of medieval panels formerly located in the cathedral; a money gallery with a forte in its numerous coins of antiquity (closed for refurbishment as of early 2020); religious and domestic silverware, religious vestments, historical furniture and the museum's flagship collection, a permanent exhibition of 76 original woodcuts by Albrecht Dürer.[18]
See also
References
- ^ Acts 28:1–10
- ISBN 978-99909-58-15-7.
- ^ a b "St Paul's Cathedral, Mdina". Snapshots of an Island. 31 July 2012. Archived from the original on 28 May 2016.
- ^ Brincat, Joseph M. (1995). "Malta 870–1054 Al-Himyari's Account and its Linguistic Implications" (PDF). Valletta: Said International: 11–16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
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(help) - ^ Church Times
- ^ Deguara 2008, pp. 6–7
- ^ a b c De Lucca, Denis (1979). "Mdina: the Cathedral area". Heritage: An Encyclopedia of Maltese Culture and Civilization. 1. Midsea Books Ltd: 121–124.
- ^ a b c Deguara 2008, pp. 14–17
- ^ Alexander, Lisa. "11 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Mdina". planetware. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016.
- ^ a b c "Cathedral of St Paul" (PDF). National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands. 28 March 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2015.
- ^ Deguara 2008, p. 4
- ^ Deguara 2008, p. 10
- PMID 325307. Archived from the originalon 2 January 2018.
- ^ Montanaro Gauci, Gerald (11 January 2015). "Mdina cathedral destroyed in the 1693 earthquake". Times of Malta. Archived from the original on 13 December 2015.
- ^ a b Deguara 2008, pp. 18–40
- ^ "Homepage". Metropolitan Cathedral. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016.
- ISBN 978-99932-91-32-9.
- ^ "Mdina Cathedral". Sacred Destinations. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
Bibliography
- Deguara, Aloysius (2008). The Metropolitan Cathedral – Mdina. ISBN 978-99932-7-172-7.
- Gaul, Simon (2007). Malta, Gozo and Comino. New Holland Publishers. ISBN 978-1-86011-365-9.
- MacGill, Thomas (1839). A hand book, or guide, for strangers visiting Malta. Malta: Luigi Tonna.
External links
- Official website
- Media related to St. Paul's Cathedral, Mdina at Wikimedia Commons