Saint Paul, Minnesota

Coordinates: 44°56′39″N 93°06′14″W / 44.94417°N 93.10389°W / 44.94417; -93.10389
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For an overview of the Twin Cities metropolitan area, see Minneapolis–Saint Paul.

Saint Paul
Marjorie McNeely Conservatory
A towering gray stone cathedral with a round copper roof stands above autumn trees.
Cathedral of Saint Paul
A wide white stone building photographed head-on at night. It rises in the center to a hemispherical central rotunda.
Minnesota State Capitol
UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP Codes
55101–55131, 55133, 55144-55146, 55150, 55155, 55164, 55170
Area code651
FIPS code27-58000
GNIS ID2396511[3]
Websitestpaul.gov
Current as of October 12, 2023

Saint Paul (often abbreviated St. Paul) is the capital of the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Ramsey County.[6] Situated on high bluffs overlooking a bend in the Mississippi River, Saint Paul is a regional business hub and the center of Minnesota's government.[7][8] The Minnesota State Capitol and the state government offices all sit on a hill close to the city's downtown district. One of the oldest cities in Minnesota, Saint Paul has several historic neighborhoods and landmarks, such as the Summit Avenue Neighborhood, the James J. Hill House, and the Cathedral of Saint Paul.[9][10] Like the adjacent city of Minneapolis, Saint Paul is known for its cold, snowy winters and humid summers.

According to census estimates, in 2022 the city's population was 303,176, making it the

metropolitan area, the third most populous metropolitan area in the Midwest.[13]

The Legislative Assembly of the

Dakota Sioux settlements in November 1849. It remained a town until 1854. The Dakota name for where Saint Paul is situated is "Imnizaska" for the "white rock" bluffs along the river.[14] The city has three sports venues: Xcel Energy Center, home to the Minnesota Wild, CHS Field, home to the St. Paul Saints, and Allianz Field, home to Minnesota United.[15]

Saint Paul has a mayor–council government. The current mayor is Melvin Carter III, who was first elected in 2018.

History

Main article: History of Saint Paul, Minnesota
A burial mound at Indian Mounds Park

Burial mounds in present-day Indian Mounds Park suggest the area was inhabited by the Hopewell Native Americans about 2,000 years ago.[16][17] From the early 17th century to 1837, the Mdewakanton Dakota, a band of the Dakota people, lived near the mounds at the village of Kaposia and consider the area encompassing present-day Saint Paul Bdóte, the site of creation for their people.[16][18] The Dakota called the area Imniza-Ska ("white cliffs") for its exposed white sandstone cliffs on the river's eastern side.[19][20] The Imniza-Ska were full of caves that were useful to the Dakota. The explorer Jonathan Carver documented the historic Wakan Tipi in the bluff below the burial mounds in 1767. In the Menominee language Saint Paul was called Sāēnepān-Menīkān, which means "ribbon, silk or satin village", suggesting its role in trade throughout the region after the introduction of European goods.[21]

After the 1803

buffalo hides to market from the Red River of the North. Saint Paul was the southern terminus of the Red River Trails. In 1840, Pierre Bottineau became a prominent resident with a claim near the settlement's center.[28]

In 1841, Catholic missionary Lucien Galtier was sent to minister to the French Canadians at Mendota. He had a chapel he named for St. Paul built on the bluff above the riverboat landing downriver from Fort Snelling.[29][30] Galtier informed the settlers that they were to adopt the chapel's name for the settlement and cease the use of "Pig's Eye".[26] In 1847, New York educator Harriet Bishop moved to the settlement and opened the city's first school.[31] The Minnesota Territory was created in 1849 with Saint Paul as the capital. The U.S. Army made the territory's first improved road, Point Douglas Fort Ripley Military Road, in 1850. It passed through what became Saint Paul neighborhoods.[32] In 1857, the territorial legislature voted to move the capital to Saint Peter, but Joe Rolette, a territorial legislator, stole the text of the bill and went into hiding, preventing the move.[33]

Red river ox cart and driver in St. Paul

The year 1858 saw more than 1,000 steamboats service Saint Paul,

Burlington Northern. Today they are part of the BNSF Railway.[34]

On August 20, 1904, severe

African American enclave brought attention to racial segregation and unequal housing in northern cities.[37] The annual Rondo Days celebration commemorates the African American community.[38]

Downtown Saint Paul had skyscraper-building booms beginning in the 1970s. Because the city center is directly beneath the flight path into the airport across the river there is a height restriction for all construction. The tallest buildings, such as

Hmong Archives.[41]

Geography

Meeker Island
Lock and Dam was the first lock and dam on the Mississippi River in 1902

Saint Paul's history and growth as a landing port are tied to water. The city's defining physical characteristic, the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers, was carved into the region during the last ice age, as were the steep river bluffs and dramatic palisades on which the city is built. Receding glaciers and Lake Agassiz forced torrents of water from a glacial river that served the river valleys.[42] The city is situated in east-central Minnesota.

The Mississippi River forms a municipal boundary on part of the city's west, southwest, and southeast sides.

Lake Como. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 56.18 square miles (145.51 km2), of which 51.98 square miles (134.63 km2) is land and 4.20 square miles (10.88 km2) is water.[43]

The Parks and Recreation department is responsible for 160 parks and 41 recreation centers.[44] The city ranked #2 in park access and quality, after only Minneapolis, in the 2018 ParkScore ranking of the top 100 park systems across the United States according to the nonprofit Trust for Public Land.[45]

Neighborhoods

Main article:
Neighborhoods of Saint Paul

Saint Paul's Department of Planning and Economic Development divides Saint Paul into 17 Planning Districts, created in 1979 to allow neighborhoods to participate in governance and use Community Development Block Grants. With a funding agreement directly from the city, the councils share a pool of funds.[46] The councils have significant land-use control, a voice in guiding development, and they organize residents.[47] The planning districts mostly represent traditional neighborhoods and combinations of smaller neighborhoods within the city.

The city's 17 Planning Districts are:

  1. Southeast
  2. Greater East Side
  3. West Side
  4. Dayton's Bluff
  5. Payne-Phalen
  6. North End
  7. Thomas Dale (Frogtown)
  8. Summit-University
  9. West Seventh
  10. Como Park
  11. Hamline-Midway
  12. Saint Anthony Park
  13. Union Park
  14. Macalester-Groveland
  15. Highland Park
  16. Summit Hill
  17. Downtown

Climate

See also:
Climate of the Twin Cities and Climate of Minnesota
The city skyline from the southwest in the winter

Saint Paul has a humid continental climate typical of the Upper Midwestern United States. Winters are frigid and snowy, while summers are warm to hot and humid. On the Köppen climate classification, Saint Paul falls in the hot summer humid continental climate zone (Dfa). The city experiences a full range of precipitation and related weather events, including snow, sleet, ice, rain, thunderstorms, tornadoes, and fog.[48]

Due to its northerly location and lack of large bodies of water to moderate the air, Saint Paul is sometimes subjected to cold Arctic

continental U.S.[49]

Saint Paul is expected to be affected by climate change. More extreme heat waves are expected, as is increased precipitation in the spring and summer, which could cause river and flash flooding. Vector-borne transmission of such diseases as West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and human anaplasmosis may increase because of changes in temperature and precipitation patterns.[50]

Climate data for St. Paul Downtown Airport, Minnesota (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1872–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 58
(14) 		64
(18) 		83
(28) 		93
(34) 		99
(37) 		101
(38) 		104
(40) 		104
(40) 		101
(38) 		90
(32) 		78
(26) 		63
(17) 		104
(40)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 23.9
(−4.5) 		28.7
(−1.8) 		41.7
(5.4) 		56.8
(13.8) 		68.9
(20.5) 		78.5
(25.8) 		82.6
(28.1) 		80.4
(26.9) 		72.4
(22.4) 		58.0
(14.4) 		42.1
(5.6) 		28.6
(−1.9) 		55.2
(12.9)
Daily mean °F (°C) 16.3
(−8.7) 		20.8
(−6.2) 		33.1
(0.6) 		47.0
(8.3) 		58.9
(14.9) 		68.8
(20.4) 		73.3
(22.9) 		71.1
(21.7) 		62.9
(17.2) 		49.0
(9.4) 		34.6
(1.4) 		21.7
(−5.7) 		46.5
(8.1)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 8.6
(−13.0) 		12.9
(−10.6) 		24.6
(−4.1) 		37.2
(2.9) 		48.9
(9.4) 		59.2
(15.1) 		64.0
(17.8) 		61.7
(16.5) 		53.4
(11.9) 		40.0
(4.4) 		27.1
(−2.7) 		14.8
(−9.6) 		37.7
(3.2)
Record low °F (°C) −41
(−41) 		−33
(−36) 		−26
(−32) 		6
(−14) 		23
(−5) 		34
(1) 		45
(7) 		39
(4) 		28
(−2) 		8
(−13) 		−25
(−32) 		−39
(−39) 		−41
(−41)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.48
(12) 		0.52
(13) 		1.43
(36) 		2.58
(66) 		3.97
(101) 		4.63
(118) 		3.97
(101) 		4.10
(104) 		3.08
(78) 		2.47
(63) 		1.32
(34) 		0.65
(17) 		29.20
(742)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 4.0 4.3 7.1 10.6 12.7 13.0 9.9 10.0 9.6 9.2 6.2 4.9 101.5
Source 1:
NOAA[51][52]
Source 2: The Weather Channel[53]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18501,112—
186010,401835.3%
187020,03092.6%
188041,473107.1%
1890133,156221.1%
1900163,06522.5%
1910214,74431.7%
1920234,6989.3%
1930271,60615.7%
1940287,7365.9%
1950311,3498.2%
1960313,4110.7%
1970309,980−1.1%
1980270,230−12.8%
1990272,2350.7%
2000287,1515.5%
2010285,068−0.7%
2020311,5279.3%
2022 (est.)303,176[5]−2.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[54]
2020 Census[4]
Main article:
Demographics of Saint Paul
Demographic profile 2020[55] 2010[56] 2000[57] 1990[58] 1970[58]
White (non-Hispanic) 48.8% 55.9% 64.0% 80.4% 93.6%[59]
Asian
(non-Hispanic)		 19.2% 14.9% 12.4% 7.1% 0.2%
Black or African American
(non-Hispanic)		 16.5% 15.3% 11.7% 7.4% 3.5%
Hispanic or Latino 9.7% 9.6% 7.9% 4.2% 2.1%[59]
Ethnic origins in St. Paul
Map of racial distribution in Minneapolis-St. Paul, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: ⬤ White ⬤ Black ⬤ Asian ⬤ Hispanic ⬤ Other

2020 census

As of the

Latino ancestry, of any race, made up 9.7% of the population (6.58% Mexican, 0.68% Salvadoran).[61]

The 2020 census of the city included 291 people incarcerated in adult correctional facilities and 5,640 people in student housing.[62]

According to the

poverty line, including 27.0% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.[63] Of the population age 25 and over, 87.6% were high school graduates or higher and 41.3% had a bachelor's degree or higher.[64]

2010 census

As of the

Pacific Islander
, 3.9% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 9.6% of the population.

There were 111,001 households, of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.1% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.2% were non-families. 35.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.33.

The median age in the city was 30.9 years. 25.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 13.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.6% were from 25 to 44; 22.6% were from 45 to 64; and 9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.

Ethnic history

The earliest known inhabitants of the St. Paul area, from about 400 AD, were members of the

Ojibwe nation.[18]
The Ojibwe later occupied the north (east) bank of the Mississippi River.

By 1800,

Swede Hollow, which later became home to Poles, Italians, and Mexicans. The last Swedish presence moved up St. Paul's East Side along Payne Avenue in the 1950s.[66]

Of people who specified

English. There is also a visible community of people of Sub-Saharan African
ancestry, representing 4.2% of the population.

By the 1980s, the Thomas-Dale area, once an Austro-Hungarian enclave known as Frogtown (German: Froschburg), became home to Vietnamese and other Southeast Asian people who had left their war-torn country. A settlement program for the Hmong diaspora came soon after, and by 2000, St. Paul had the largest urban Hmong contingent in the nation.[67][68][69]

Hmong Americans make up 11% of St. Paul's population as of 2021, and Saint Paul, as well as the Twin Cities area in general, is considered the center of Hmong culture in America. Hmongs are most concentrated in the neighborhoods of Frogtown, Payne-Phalen, Dayton's Bluff, the North End, and the Greater East Side,[61] which are considered ethnic enclaves for Hmong Minnesotans, with a large number of businesses, organizations, and events catering to the Hmong population, such as the Hmongtown Marketplace in Frogtown.

Other large Southeast Asian populations live in Saint Paul, particularly Burmese Americans of the Karen and Karenni ethnic group, who immigrated to the U.S. as refugees in the 2000s and 2010s due to internal conflict and discrimination in Myanmar. Minnesota is believed to have the largest population of Karen Americans, with a population of 12,000 in 2017,[70] who are mostly concentrated in Saint Paul. Burmese and Karen residents of Saint Paul make up 5.2% of the population in 2021, and are most concentrated in the neighborhoods of the North End, Payne-Phalen, and Frogtown.[61]

Mexican immigrants have settled in St. Paul since the 1930s; although Mexican populations exist throughout Saint Paul, by far the largest concentration of Mexican Americans is on St. Paul's West Side, where Mexicans form a plurality of the population; Mexico opened a foreign consulate there in 2005.[71][72] Saint Paul also has a large population of Central Americans, particularly Salvadorans, throughout eastern St. Paul and the West Side.

St. Paul has become home to a large number of Somalis and Ethiopians since the 1990s, largely as refugees fleeing conflict in their home regions. Somali and Ethiopian populations are largest in the neighborhoods of Summit-University and Frogtown, where there are many businesses and organizations for Somali and Ethiopian populations.[61]

African Americans in St. Paul initially entered through servitude to officers at Fort Snelling, marking a crucial point in their history. Despite the absence of legal slavery in Minnesota, Army officers were permitted to bring their enslaved individuals into the region.[73] Today, African Americans are one of the largest groups among Saint Paul's population; African Americans make up approximately 14% of Saint Paul's population, the second-largest background group, before Hmongs and after German-Americans. The city's African American residents are concentrated in its central and eastern neighborhoods.

Most St. Paul residents claiming religious affiliation are

Protestant denominations. The Roman Catholic presence comes from Irish, German, Scottish, and French Canadian settlers, later bolstered by Hispanic immigrants. There are Jewish synagogues such as Mount Zion Temple and significant populations of Hindus, Muslims, and Buddhists.[74] The city has been dubbed "paganistan" due to its large Wiccan population.[75]

Economy

The Ford Motor Company's Twin Cities Assembly Plant in 2006

The Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington area employs 1,570,700 people in the private sector as of July 2008, 82.43% of whom work in private service providing-related jobs.[76]

Major corporations headquartered in Saint Paul include

Securian Financial Group Inc.[79]

The

3M Company
moved to St. Paul in 1910. It built an art deco headquarters at 900 Bush that still stands. Headquarters operations moved to the Maplewood campus in 1964. 3M manufacturing continued for a couple more decades until all St. Paul operations ceased.

The city was home to the

Lock and Dam No. 1, Mississippi River, which generates hydroelectric power.[80] The site is being redeveloped into a mixed-used area called Highland Bridge which, when complete, will include 3,800 housing units, most opening in 2023.[81]

Saint Paul has financed city development with tax increment financing (TIF). In 2018, it had 55 TIF districts. Projects that have benefited from TIF funding include the St. Paul Saints stadium, and the affordable housing along the Twin Cities Metro Green Line.[82]

Housing

In November 2021, Saint Paul became the only Midwestern city to regulate rent increases when voters passed a

rent control ordinance as part of a larger effort to curb rising housing costs.[83][84] The law limited annual rent increases to three percent and prohibited higher increases after a tenant vacated a unit.[84] In September 2022, the Saint Paul City Council voted to amend the law, allowing higher vacancy increases and exempting units built in the preceding or following 20 years from the increase cap.[85][86]

Culture

Como Park Zoo and Conservatory is a free public greenhouse and urban zoo open year-round

Every January, Saint Paul hosts the

Lake Como, Lake Phalen, and Rice Park, as well as several areas abutting the Mississippi River. The Irish Fair of Minnesota is held annually at the Harriet Island Pavilion
area. The country's largest Hmong American sports festival, the Freedom Festival, is held the first weekend of July at McMurray Field near Como Park.

The city is associated with the Minnesota State Fair in neighboring Falcon Heights just west of Como Park. The fair dates to before statehood. With the competing interests of Minneapolis and St. Paul, it was held on "neutral ground" between both. That area refused to become part of St. Paul or Roseville and became Falcon Heights in the 1950s. The University of Minnesota Saint Paul Campus is actually in Falcon Heights.

MSP included
) has a St. Paul mailing address. The western side has a Minneapolis ZIP code.

The Minnesota Centennial Showboat was anchored in the Mississippi River along Harriet Island

Saint Paul is the birthplace of cartoonist Charles M. Schulz, who lived in Merriam Park from infancy until 1960.[89] Schulz's Peanuts inspired giant, decorated sculptures around the city, a Chamber of Commerce promotion in the late 1990s.[90] Other notable residents include writer F. Scott Fitzgerald and playwright August Wilson, who premiered many of the ten plays in his Pittsburgh Cycle at the local Penumbra Theater.[91]

The Ordway Center for the Performing Arts hosts theater productions and the Minnesota Opera is a founding tenant.[92] RiverCentre, attached to Xcel Energy Center, serves as the city's convention center. The city has contributed to the music of Minnesota and the Twin Cities music scene through various venues. Great jazz musicians have passed through the influential Artists' Quarter, first established in the 1970s in Whittier, Minneapolis, and moved to downtown Saint Paul in 1994.[93] Artists' Quarter also hosts the Soapboxing Poetry Slam, home of the 2009 National Poetry Slam Champions. At The Black Dog, in Lowertown, many French or European jazz musicians (Evan Parker, Tony Hymas, Benoît Delbecq, François Corneloup) have met Twin Cities musicians and started new groups touring in Europe. Groups and performers such as Fantastic Merlins, Dean Magraw/Davu Seru, Merciless Ghosts, and Willie Murphy are regulars. The Turf Club in Midway has been a music scene landmark since the 1940s.[94] Saint Paul is also the home base of the internationally acclaimed Rose Ensemble.[95] As an Irish stronghold, the city boasts popular Irish pubs with live music, such as Shamrocks, The Dubliner, and until its closure in 2019, O'Gara's.[96] The internationally acclaimed Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra is the nation's only full-time professional chamber orchestra.[97] The Minnesota Centennial Showboat on the Mississippi River began in 1958 with Minnesota's first centennial celebration.[98]

Saint Paul has a number of museums, including the University of Minnesota's Goldstein Museum of Design,[99] the Minnesota Children's Museum,[100] the Schubert Club Museum of Musical Instruments,[101][102] the Minnesota Museum of American Art,[103][104] the Traces Center for History and Culture,[105] the Minnesota History Center, the Alexander Ramsey House, the James J. Hill House, the Minnesota Transportation Museum, the Science Museum of Minnesota, and the Twin City Model Railroad Museum.

Sports

Main articles: Sports in Minneapolis–Saint Paul and Sports in Minnesota
The Xcel Energy Center hosts hockey and other professional sports in addition to concerts and other events

The Saint Paul division of Parks and Recreation runs over 1,500 organized sports teams.[106]

Saint Paul hosts a number of professional, semi-professional, and amateur sports teams. The

Dallas, Texas.[15] The World Hockey Association's Minnesota Fighting Saints played in Saint Paul from 1972 to 1977. Citing the history of hockey in the Twin Cities and teams at all levels, Sports Illustrated called Saint Paul the new Hockeytown U.S.A. in 2007.[107]

The Xcel Energy Center, a multipurpose entertainment and sports venue, can host concerts and accommodate nearly all sporting events. It occupies the site of the demolished

Minnesota high school boys hockey tournament, the Minnesota high school girls' volleyball tournament, and concerts throughout the year. In 2004, it was named the best overall sports venue in the US by ESPN.[108]

Two Circus Juventas students on silks

The St. Paul Saints are the city's Minor League Baseball team, which plays in the International League as an affiliate of the Minnesota Twins.[109] There have been several different teams called the Saints over the years. Founded in 1884, they were shut down in 1961 after the Minnesota Twins moved to Bloomington. The Saints were brought back in 1993 as an independent baseball team in the Northern League, moving to the American Association in 2006. They joined affiliated baseball in 2021. Their home games are played at the open-air CHS Field in downtown's Lowertown Historic District.[110] Four noted Major League All-Star baseball players are natives of Saint Paul: Hall of Fame outfielder Dave Winfield, Hall of Fame infielder Paul Molitor, Hall of Fame pitcher Jack Morris, and Hall of Fame catcher and first baseman Joe Mauer, all of whom played for the Minnesota Twins during their careers. The all-black St. Paul Colored Gophers played four seasons in Saint Paul from 1907 to 1911.[111]

The

circus arts school in North America.[115]

On March 25, 2015,

Downtown Minneapolis near the Minneapolis Farmer's Market. But their plan was met with heavy opposition from former Minneapolis Mayor Betsy Hodges, who said her city was suffering from "stadium fatigue" after building three stadiums for the Minnesota Twins, Minnesota Vikings and the Minnesota Golden Gophers, within a six-year span.[116] On July 1, 2015, after failing to reach an agreement with the city of Minneapolis, McGuire and his partners turned their focus to Saint Paul.[117]

On October 23, 2015, Bill McGuire of Minnesota United FC and former Saint Paul Mayor

University Avenue. It is midway between downtown Saint Paul and downtown Minneapolis. The stadium, Allianz Field, opened in April 2019 and seats 19,400.[118] The team began playing in the MLS in 2017.[119]

The Minnesota Whitecaps began play in the Western Women's Hockey League in 2004 before going independent in 2010 when that league folded. In 2018, the Whitecaps joined the Premier Hockey Federation (then the National Women's Hockey League) as its fifth franchise.[120][121] The team won the Isobel Cup in its first season in the new league.[122] In the summer of 2023, the PHF ceased operations as part of the launch of a new, unified professional women's league, the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL).[123] Minnesota was awarded one of the six charter franchises in the new league, and it was announced that the new team would play its home games at the Xcel Energy Center.[124][125]

The Timberwolves, Twins, Vikings, and Lynx all play in Minneapolis.[126]

Professional sports in Saint Paul
Club Sport League Venue (capacity) Championships
Minnesota Wild Ice hockey National Hockey League Xcel Energy Center (17,954) —
PWHL Minnesota Ice hockey Professional Women's Hockey League Xcel Energy Centre —
Minnesota United FC
Soccer
 Major League Soccer Allianz Field (19,400) NASL: 2011[127] and 2014[128]
Minnesota Wind Chill Ultimate
American Ultimate Disc League
 Sea Foam Stadium (3,500) —
St. Paul Saints Baseball International League CHS Field (7,210) NL: 1993, 1995, 1996, and 2004

AA
: 2019

Government and politics

Main articles: Government and politics in Saint Paul, Minnesota and List of mayors of Saint Paul, Minnesota

Saint Paul has a variant of the

chief executive and chief administrative officer of the city and the seven-member city council is its legislative body.[130][131] The mayor is elected by the entire city, while members of the city council are elected from seven different geographic wards of approximately equal population.[132][133] The first female councilor, Elizabeth DeCourcy, was elected in 1956.[134] Municipal elections in Saint Paul use ranked choice voting.[135] Both the mayor and council members serve four-year terms.[136]

The

DFL), Saint Paul's first African-American mayor. Aside from Norm Coleman, who became a Republican during his second term, Saint Paul has not elected a Republican mayor since 1952.[137] As of 2024, following the 2023 elections, all seven city councilors are women, making Saint Paul potentially the largest city in American history with an all-female legislative body.[134]

Saint Paul City Hall and Ramsey County Courthouse

The city is also the county seat of Ramsey County, named for Alexander Ramsey, the state's first governor. The county once spanned much of the present-day metropolitan area and was originally to be named Saint Paul County after the city. Today it is geographically the smallest county and the most densely populated.[6] Ramsey is the only home rule county in Minnesota; the seven-member Board of Commissioners appoints a county manager whose office is in the combination city hall/county courthouse along with the Minnesota Second Judicial Courts.[138][139] The nearby Law Enforcement Center houses the Ramsey County Sheriff's office.

State and federal

See also: Minnesota Legislature and Politics of Minnesota § Federal representation
2020 Presidential Election by Precinct
Biden:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

Saint Paul is the capital of Minnesota. The city hosts the capitol building, designed by Saint Paul resident

Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (affiliated with the Democratic Party) is headquartered in Saint Paul. Numerous state departments and services are also headquartered in Saint Paul, such as the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
.

The city is split into four Minnesota Senate districts (64, 65, 66 and 67) and eight Minnesota House of Representatives districts (64A, 64B, 65A, 65B, 66A, 66B, 67A and 67B), all of which are held by Democrats.[140][141]

Saint Paul is the heart of

Hennepin County Attorney, and Democrat Tina Smith
, a former lieutenant governor of Minnesota.

Minnesota House and Senate districts
Senate House
Name First elected Party Name First elected Party
64 Erin Murphy 2020 DFL 64A Kaohly Her 2018 DFL
64B Dave Pinto 2014 DFL
65 Sandy Pappas 1990 DFL 65A Rena Moran 2010 DFL
65B Carlos Mariani 1990 DFL
66 John Marty* 1992 DFL 66A John Lesch 2002 DFL
66B Alice Hausman* 1989 DFL
67 Foung Hawj 2012 DFL 67A Tim Mahoney 1998 DFL
67B Jay Xiong 2018 DFL

*District also includes Falcon Heights, Lauderdale and Roseville.

Education

Main article: Education in Saint Paul, Minnesota
Barack and Michelle Obama Service Learning Elementary

Saint Paul is second in the United States in the number of higher education institutions per capita, behind

Concordia University, Hamline University, Macalester College, and the University of St. Thomas. Metropolitan State University and Saint Paul College, which focus on non-traditional students, are based in Saint Paul, as well as a law school, Mitchell Hamline School of Law.[143]

The

GED Diploma, language programs, and various learning opportunities for community members of all ages. In 2006, Saint Paul Public Schools celebrated its 150th anniversary.[144] Some students attend public schools in other school districts chosen by their families under Minnesota's open enrollment statute.[145]

A variety of

K-12 private, parochial, and public charter schools are also represented in the city. In 1992, Saint Paul became the first city in the US to sponsor and open a charter school, now found in most states across the nation.[146] Saint Paul is home to 21 charter schools and 38 private schools.[147] The Saint Paul Public Library system includes a central library, twelve branch locations, and a bookmobile.[148]

Media

Main article:
Media in the Twin Cities
Minnesota Public Radio headquarters in downtown Saint Paul

Saint Paul residents can receive 10 broadcast television stations, five of which broadcast from Saint Paul. One newspaper, the St. Paul Pioneer Press, and several monthly or semimonthly neighborhood papers serve the city. Several media outlets based in Minneapolis also serve the Saint Paul community, including the Star Tribune.

Saint Paul is home to two national broadcast companies. Hubbard Broadcasting is headquartered on the line between Saint Paul and Minneapolis on University Avenue.

Minnesota Public Radio (MPR) is a three-format system that broadcasts on nearly 40 stations[149] around the Midwest. It delivers local news and information, classical, and The Current (which plays a wide variety of music). The station has 110,000 regional members and more than 1 million listeners each week throughout the Upper Midwest, the largest audience of any regional public radio network.[150] Its parent company, American Public Media Group, creates and distributes programming that reaches millions listeners, most notably Marketplace, hosted by Kai Ryssdal.

Transportation

Interstate and roadways

I-94 as it enters downtown Saint Paul from the west

Residents use

St. Louis, Missouri
.

The layout of city streets and roads has often drawn complaints. While he was Governor of Minnesota, Jesse Ventura appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman,[154] and remarked that the streets were designed by "drunken Irishmen".[155] He later apologized, though people had been complaining about the fractured grid system for more than a century by that point.[155] Some of the city's road design is the result of the curve of the Mississippi River, hilly topography, conflicts between developers of different neighborhoods in the early city, and grand plans only half-realized. Outside of downtown, the roads are less confusing, but most roads are named, rather than numbered, increasing the difficulty for non-natives to navigate.[156]

Mass transit

A three-car light rail at a station; the state capitol building is in the background.
The Metro Green Line serves Saint Paul.

METRO Blue Line in downtown Minneapolis. Construction began in November 2010 and the line began service on June 14, 2014.[157][158] The Green Line averaged 42,500 rides per weekday in 2018.[159] Planning is underway for the Riverview Corridor, a rail line that will connect downtown Saint Paul to the airport and Mall of America.[160]

The

Snelling Avenue station.[161] Future METRO lines are planned that will serve Saint Paul with the B Line and E Line Line running primarily on arterial streets, and the Gold Line and Purple Line running primarily in their own right of way.[162][163]

Railroad

Amtrak's Empire Builder between Chicago and Seattle stops twice daily in each direction at the newly renovated Saint Paul Union Depot.[164] Ridership on the train increased about 6% from 2005 to over 505,000 in fiscal year 2007.[165] A Minnesota Department of Transportation study found that increased daily service to Chicago should be economically viable, especially if it originates in Saint Paul and does not experience delays from the rest of the western route of the Empire Builder.[166] Saint Paul is the site of the Pig's Eye Yard, a major freight classification yard for Canadian Pacific Railway.[167] As of 2003, the yard handled over 1,000 freight cars per day.[167] Both Union Pacific and Burlington Northern Santa Fe run trains through the yard, though they are not classified at Pig's Eye.[167] Burlington Northern Santa Fe operates the large Northtown Yard in Minneapolis, which handles about 600 cars per day.[168] There are several other small yards around the city.

Saint Paul Downtown Airport (Holman Field)

Airports

local corporate aviation. There are three runways, with the Holman Field Administration Building and Riverside Hangar on the National Register of Historic Places.[169]
The original Northwest Airlines building's historical importance was realized only after demolition commenced.

For the most part Saint Paul's aviation needs are served by the

Fort Snelling Unorganized Territory bordering the city to the southwest. MSP serves 17 commercial passenger airlines[170] and is the hub of Delta Air Lines and Sun Country Airlines.[171]

Sister cities

Saint Paul's sister cities are:[172][173]

Notable people

Medal of Honor recipients:

See also

References

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External links

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