St Andrews Cathedral
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St Andrews Cathedral | ||
---|---|---|
The Cathedral of St Andrew | ||
Style Romanesque, Gothic | | |
Groundbreaking | 1158 | |
Completed | 1318 | |
Closed | 1561 | |
Specifications | ||
Length | 391 ft (119 m) | |
Width | 168 ft (51 m) | |
Height | 100 ft (30 m) | |
Number of spires | 1 (fell in the 16th century) | |
Administration | ||
Archdiocese | Archdiocese of St Andrews | |
Official name | St Andrews Cathedral and Priory and adjacent ecclesiastical remains | |
Designated | 12 February 1999 | |
Reference no. | SM13322 |
The Cathedral of St Andrew (often referred to as St Andrews Cathedral) is a ruined
History
Founding and development
The cathedral was founded to supply more accommodation than the older church of
Work began on the new cathedral in 1158 and continued for over a century. The west end was blown down in a storm and rebuilt between 1272 and 1279. The cathedral was finally completed in 1318 and featured a central tower and six turrets; of these remain two at the east and one of the two at the western extremity, rising to a height of 30 metres (100 feet). On the 5th of July it was consecrated in the presence of King Robert the Bruce, who, according to legend, rode up the aisle on his horse.
A fire partly destroyed the building in 1378; restoration and further embellishment were completed in 1440.
The cathedral was served by a community of
Greyfriar (
had properties in the town by the late 15th century and possibly as late as 1518.Abandonment and ruin
In June 1559 during the Reformation, a Protestant mob incited by the preaching of John Knox ransacked the cathedral; the interior of the building was destroyed. The cathedral fell into decline following the attack and became a source of building material for the town. By 1561 it had been abandoned and left to fall into ruin.[1]
At about the end of the sixteenth century the central tower apparently gave way, carrying with it the north wall. Afterwards large portions of the ruins were taken away for building purposes, and nothing was done to preserve them until 1826. Since then it has been tended with scrupulous care, an interesting feature being the cutting out of the ground-plan in the turf. The principal portions extant, partly Norman and partly Early Scottish, are the east and west gables, the greater part of the south wall of the nave and the west wall of the south transept.
At the end of the seventeenth century some of the priory buildings remained entire and considerable remains of others existed, but nearly all traces have now disappeared except portions of the priory wall and the archways, known as The Pends.
St Rule's Tower
St Rule's tower is located in the cathedral grounds but predates it, having served as the church of the priory up to the early 12th century. The building was retained to allow worship to continue uninterrupted during the building of its much larger successor. Originally, the tower and adjoining
Burials
In the cathedral
- Roger de Beaumont (bishop) (d. 1202)
- William Wishart (d. 1279)
- William de Lamberton (1328, on the north side of the high altar)
- William Fraser (bishop of St Andrews) (1297, his heart was buried in the wall of the church by his successor, William de Lamberton)
- William de Landallis (1385, in the church's vestry)
- James Kennedy (bishop) (1465, in a magnificent tomb which he had caused to be built in St Salvator's Chapel, the ruins of which are still visible)
- Andrew Forman (d. 1521)
Cathedral burial ground
- Very Rev John Adamson DD
- John Anderson, Principal of St Leonards College
- Rev Alexander Anderson (1676-1737) son of above
- Rev Prof George Buist DD
- Robert Chambers
- Rev Prof FRSE
- FRSE
- Rev Prof William Crawford DD father of Thomas Jackson Crawford
- Sir Robert Anstruther Dalyell
- Prof James Donaldson (classical scholar)
- Adam Ferguson
- Andrew Forman
- Rev Prof James Gillespie
- Rev Prof Thomas Gillespie, Professor of Humanity
- Robert Haldane (mathematician)
- Thomas Halyburton
- Matthew Forster Heddle
- George Hill (minister)
- Prof Henry David Hill
- Rev Prof James Hunter
- FRSE
- David Miller Kay, military hero, author and missionary
- Prof Peter Redford Scott Lang, mathematician
- Rev Prof John McGill LLD, translator of the Old Testament
- Norman MacLeod (The Wicked Man)
- Young Tom Morris
- Old Tom Morris
- William Henry Murray
- Rev Francis Nicoll DD Principal of St Salvator's College, St Andrews
- Hugh Lyon Playfair
- Rev James Playfair (minister) (memorial only)
- Lt Col Sir Robert Lambert Playfair LLD, soldier and author
- Prof Alexander Roberts
- Allan Robertson
- Rev Professor Daniel Robertson DD (1755-1817)
- Rev Prof Samuel Rutherford
- Saint Andrew(partial remains)
- Very Rev Robert Small (1732-1808) Moderator in 1791
- William Spalding (writer)
- Very Rev Prof Alexander Stewart DD Principal of St Andrews University in 1915, Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1911
- Rev Prof John Trotter
- Alexander Watson, Provost of St Andrews
- Major John and Lady Catherine Whyte-Melville(the large monument in the far corner of the churchyard)
- Prof William Wright (orientalist)
Eastern Cemetery
- Col Robert Hope Moncrieff Aitken, Victoria Cross recipient
- Fr George Angus, first Roman Catholic priest in St. Andrews since the Reformation
- Sea Scouts
- Wilhelmina Barns-Graham
- Prof John Birrell
- Andrew Kennedy Hutchison Boyd
- Sir Napier Burnett
- Sir Guy Colin Campbell
- Reginald Fairlie
- Cicely Hilda Farmer, novelist
- William Lewis Ferdinand Fischer, FRS
- James Ross Gillespie, architect
- Sir James Heriot-Maitland
- Sir John Home
- Andrew Kirkaldy (golfer)
- Vice-Admiral Dashwood Fowler Moir, famed for his actions in the Battle of Jutland and who lost his life protecting the Atlantic Convoy
- Charles Metcalfe Ochterlony, 2nd baronet Ochterlony
- James Bell Pettigrew
- Lyon Playfair, Baron Playfair
- William Smoult Playfair
- Prof Thomas Purdie FRS
- FRSE
- Prof David George Ritchie
- Prof John Tulloch
- Charles Wordsworth
See also
- St Andrews Cathedral Priory
- St Andrews Sarcophagus
- The Way of St Andrews
References
- ^ "Historic scotland". Retrieved 4 January 2021.