Stabbing

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
A detail from The Haywain Triptych by Hieronymus Bosch

A stabbing is penetration or rough contact with a sharp or pointed object at close range. Stab connotes purposeful action, as by an assassin or murderer, but it is also possible to accidentally stab oneself or others. Stabbing differs from slashing or cutting in that the motion of the object used in a stabbing generally moves perpendicular to and directly into the victim's body, rather than being drawn across it.

Stabbings have been common among

prisons
because knives are cheap, easy to acquire (or manufacture), easily concealable and relatively effective.

Epidemiology

In 2013, about 8 million stabbings occurred worldwide.[1]

In the US in 2020, 9% of the 22,429 homicides involved a sharp instrument; of these a larger proportion of females used a sharp instrument (13%) versus males (8.2%).[2]

History

After being attacked and stabbed in September 1898, Austro-Hungarian Empress Elisabeth of Bavaria boarded a ship, unaware of the severity of her condition as consequence of an acute stress reaction. Bleeding to death from a puncture wound to the heart, Elisabeth's last words were, "What happened to me?"
Murder weapon, evidence and photos from a murder case in Trondheim, Norway 1928. The broken blade of the knife was stuck in the back of the stabbed victim. Exhibits in the Norwegian National Museum of Criminal Justice.

Stabbings have been common throughout human history and were the means used to

.

In Japan, the historical practice of stabbing oneself deliberately in

(more colloquially hara-kiri, literally "belly-cutting" since it involves cutting open the abdomen). The ritual is highly codified, and the person committing suicide is assisted by a "second" who is entrusted to decapitate him cleanly (and thus expedite death and prevent an undignified spectacle) once he has made the abdominal wound.

Mechanism

The human

fuller, an elongated concave depression in a metal blade, functions to let blood out of the body in order to cause more damage. This misconception has led to fullers becoming widely known as "blood grooves". The fuller is actually a structural reinforcement of the blade similar in design to a metal I-beam used in construction. However, internal bleeding
is just as dangerous as external bleeding; if enough blood vessels are severed to cause serious injury, the skin's elasticity will do nothing to prevent blood from exiting the circulatory system and accumulating uselessly in other parts of the body.

Death from stabbing is caused by

blood loss, infection, or loss of function of an essential organ such as the heart and/or lungs
.

Medical treatment

Although previously a victim of abdominal stabbing would be subject to exploratory surgery laparotomy, it is now considered safe not to operate if the patient is stable. In that case, they should be observed for signs of decompensation indicating a serious injury. If the patient initially presents stabbing injuries and is unstable, then laparotomy should be initiated to discover and rectify any internal injury.

Autopsy examination

When someone who has sustained a stab wound dies, the body is autopsied and the wound is inspected by a

forensic pathologist. Such examination can yield valuable information about the weapon used to produce the injury. From the external appearance and internal findings, the pathologist will usually be able to offer opinion about the dimensions of the weapon including the width and minimum possible length of the blade. It is possible to determine whether the weapon was single edged or double edged.[3]

Sometimes factors like the taper of the blade and movement of knife in the wound can also be determined.

abrasions may give information about the guard.[3]

See also

References

External links

  • Media related to Stabbing at Wikimedia Commons