Staffordshire

Coordinates: 52°48′25″N 02°06′58″W / 52.80694°N 2.11611°W / 52.80694; -2.11611
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Staffordshire
17th of 48
Density417/km2 (1,080/sq mi)
Ethnicity97.0% White
1.7% S.Asian
1.3% Other
Non-metropolitan county
County councilStaffordshire County Council
ExecutiveConservative
Admin HQStafford
Area2,620 km2 (1,010 sq mi)
 • Ranked11th of 21
Population877,856
 • Ranked9th of 21
Density335/km2 (870/sq mi)
ISO 3166-2GB-STS
ONS code41
GSS codeE10000028
ITLUKG24
Websitewww.staffordshire.gov.uk
Districts

Districts of Staffordshire
Unitary County council area
Districts
  1. Stoke-on-Trent
  2. Newcastle-under-Lyme
  3. Staffordshire Moorlands
  4. Stafford
  5. East Staffordshire
  6. South Staffordshire
  7. Cannock Chase
  8. Lichfield
  9. Tamworth

Staffordshire (/ˈstæfərdʃɪər, -ʃər/;[2] postal abbreviation Staffs.) is a landlocked ceremonial county in the West Midlands of England. It borders Cheshire to the north-west, Derbyshire and Leicestershire to the east, Warwickshire to the south-east, the West Midlands county and Worcestershire to the south, and Shropshire to the west. The largest settlement is the city of Stoke-on-Trent, and the county town is Stafford.

The county has an area of 1,713 square kilometres (661 sq mi) and a population of 1,131,052. After Stoke-on-Trent (258,366), the largest settlements are Tamworth (78,646), Newcastle-under-Lyme (75,082) and Burton upon Trent (72,299); the city of Lichfield has a population of 33,816. For local government purposes Staffordshire comprises a non-metropolitan county, with nine districts, and the unitary authority area of Stoke-on-Trent. The county historically included the north-west of the West Midlands county, including Walsall, West Bromwich, and Wolverhampton.

Staffordshire is hilly to the north and south. The southern end of the

National Forest are in the south. The River Trent and its tributaries drain most of the county. From its source, near Biddulph, the river flows through Staffordshire in a southwesterly direction, meeting the Sow just east of Stafford; it then meets the River Tame and turns north-east, exiting into Derbyshire
immediately downstream of Burton upon Trent.

Staffordshire contains a number of Iron Age tumuli and Roman camps, and was settled by the Angles in the sixth century; the oldest Stafford knot, the county's symbol, can be seen on an Anglian cross in the churchyard of Stoke Minster. The county was formed in the early tenth century, when Stafford became the capital of Mercia. The county was relatively settled in the following centuries, and rapidly industrialised during the Industrial Revolution, when the North Staffordshire coalfield was exploited and fuelled the iron and automobilie industries in the south of the county. Pottery is the county's most famous export; a limited amount is still produced in Stoke-on-Trent.

History

Hand-drawn map of Stafford by Christopher Saxton from 1577
The flag of the historic county of Staffordshire

Historically, Staffordshire was divided into five

Cuttlestone, Offlow, Pirehill, Seisdon, and Totmonslow
.

Lichfield Cathedral

The historic boundaries of Staffordshire cover much of what is now the

Hanley in the north. The Act also saw the towns of Tamworth (partly in Warwickshire) and Burton upon Trent (partly in Derbyshire) united entirely in Staffordshire. In 1553, Queen Mary made Lichfield a county corporate
, meaning it was administered separately from the rest of Staffordshire. It remained so until 1888.

Handsworth and Perry Barr became part of the county borough of Birmingham, and thus Warwickshire, in 1911 and 1928 respectively. Burton, in the east of the county, became a county borough in 1901, and was followed by Smethwick, another town in the Black Country in 1907. In 1910 the six towns of the Staffordshire Potteries, including Hanley, became the single county borough of Stoke-on-Trent.

Anglo-Saxon
objects found in England.

A significant boundary change occurred in 1926 when the east of

Dudley County Borough council.[3]

A major reorganisation in the Black Country in 1966, under the recommendation of the

detached part
of Worcestershire, expanded and became associated with Staffordshire instead. This reorganisation led to the administrative county of Staffordshire having a thin protrusion passing between the county boroughs (to the east) and Shropshire, to the west, to form a short border with Worcestershire.

Under the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974, the county boroughs of the Black Country and the Aldridge-Brownhills Urban District of Staffordshire became, along with Birmingham, Solihull, and Coventry and other districts, a new metropolitan county of West Midlands. County boroughs were abolished, with Stoke becoming a non-metropolitan district in Staffordshire, and Burton forming an unparished area in the district of East Staffordshire. On 1 April 1997, under a recommendation of the Banham Commission, Stoke-on-Trent became a unitary authority independent of Staffordshire once more.

In July 2009, the largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold ever found in Britain was discovered in a field near Lichfield. The artefacts, known as

Kingdom of Mercia
.

Economy

Stafford town centre

This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of the non-metropolitan county of Staffordshire at current basic prices published Archived 22 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine (pp. 240–253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British pounds sterling.

Year Regional gross value added[4] Agriculture[5] Industry[6] Services[7]
1995 6,447 209 2,349 3,889
2000 8,621 150 2,986 5,485
2003 10,169 169 3,164 6,835

Some nationally and internationally known companies have their base in Staffordshire. They include the

JCB is based in Rocester near Uttoxeter and Bet365 which is based in Stoke-on-Trent. The theme park Alton Towers is in the Staffordshire Moorlands and several of the world's largest pottery manufacturers are based in Stoke-on-Trent. The town of Burton upon Trent is known for its beer brewing industry with several major brands such as Carling, Cobra and Marston's
brewed there.

Education

Staffordshire has a completely comprehensive system with eight independent schools. Most secondary schools are from 11 to 16 or 18, but two in Staffordshire Moorlands and South Staffordshire are from 13 to 18. Resources are shared where appropriate.

There are two universities in the county, Keele University west of Newcastle-under-Lyme and Staffordshire University, which has campuses in Stoke-on-Trent, Stafford, London, Lichfield and Shrewsbury.[8]

Sport

The modern county of Staffordshire currently has three professional football clubs – Stoke City and Port Vale, both from Stoke-on-Trent, and Burton Albion, who play in Burton upon Trent.

Stoke City, one of the oldest professional football clubs in existence, were founded in 1863 and played at the

2011, but lost to Manchester City.[14]

Port Vale, who like Stoke City play in Stoke-on-Trent, were formed in 1876 and became members of the Football League in 1892. After more than 70 years at various stadiums around the city, the club moved to its present home,

League Two – the fourth tier of the English league – in 2008. The club has seen an upturn in its fortunes as the club was promoted to League One in the 2012–13 season. In the 2016-17 season Port Vale were relegated back to League Two.[15]

West Bromwich Albion, Wolverhampton Wanderers and Walsall are also notable clubs based in the historic county boundaries.

The county's other professional football team is Burton Albion, based in Burton upon Trent, who currently play in League One.

The county has a number of non-league football clubs, including Tamworth,[16] Stafford Rangers,[17] Hednesford Town[18] and Leek Town.[19]

In

Minor Counties Championship since 1895, a competition which it has won outright eleven times, making it the most successful Minor counties team. Famous international cricketers produced by the county include Sydney Barnes, Bob Taylor and Dominic Cork, all of whom went on to represent England
.

Geography

Mow Cop Castle on the Staffordshire Moorlands

In the north and in the south, the county is hilly, with the southern foothills and uplands of the

coalfields. In the southern part, there are also rich iron ore deposits. The largest river is the Trent
. The soil is chiefly clay and agriculture was not highly developed until the mechanisation of farms.

Staffordshire is home to the highest village in Britain, Flash. The village, in the Staffordshire Moorlands, stands at 1,519 ft (463 m) above sea level. This record was confirmed in 2007 by the Ordnance Survey after Wanlockhead in Scotland also claimed the record. The BBC's The One Show investigated the case in a bid to settle the argument and Flash was confirmed as the higher of the two. The highest point in Staffordshire is Cheeks Hill.[21]

Green belt

Staffordshire contains sectors of three

Stoke-on-Trent and the West Midlands
, and were first drawn up from the 1950s. All the county's districts contain some portion of belt.

Demographics

According to the 2001 Census the population of the Non-metropolitan Staffordshire is 806,744 and the population of Stoke-on-Trent was 240,636 making a total population of 1,047,380. In non-metropolitan Staffordshire, White British is the largest ethnicity, making up 96% of the population. This is followed by Irish, making up 0.6%. Non-White citizens make up 2% of the population. The largest Non-White ethnic group are British Pakistanis.[22] 94% of the population was born in England, and those born in Scotland and Wales together make up 1% of the total population.[23]

Economy

JCB Dieselmax, holder of the land speed record for diesel-engined vehicles

The brewing companies such as

Punch Taverns
slightly further north.

Zytek (motorsport) is at Fradley Park, on an old airfield. Norgren was an international pneumatic
technology company on Eastern Avenue, Lichfield.

Steelite International (pottery) is based at Middleport, in west Burslem, next to the Trent and Mersey Canal. Wade Ceramics is at Etruria to the east of Wolstanton, near the HQ of The Sentinel newspaper (Harmsworth Printing). Premier Foods make Mr Kipling slices and Cherry Bakewells
at Trent Vale in the south of Stoke-on-Trent.

variable speed drives (VSDs); AAH Pharmaceuticals has its Enterprise and Trident divisions in Talke, in the west of Kidsgrove. Andritz
UK is at Wolstanton, in the north of Newcastle.

Marmite is made from the yeast left over from the brewing industry

Mann+Hummel UK, at Featherstone, make air and oil filters. Armitage Shanks (owned by Ideal Standard International) is to the east of Rugeley in Armitage with Handsacre; JCB Cab Systems was next to the A51 on the Riverside Industrial Estate. The UK headquarters of GE Grid Solutions is based at Stafford as well as a factory and the UK headquarters of Bostikon Common Road, in the north of the town.

Defence Medical Services Training Centre
.

Knighton, west of Eccleshall near the Shropshire boundary. Ornua, best known for the Kerrygold brand, have a large cheese production site in Leek
on Sunnyhills Road.

Government

Westminster parliamentary

The ceremonial county of Staffordshire (including the unitary authority of Stoke-on-Trent) is represented by twelve Members of Parliament (MPs) in the House of Commons. Eleven of the MPs represent the Conservative Party and one sits as an independent.[24] The results of the 2019 general election in the county are as follows:

Party Conser­vative Labour Liberal Democrats Green Others
Votes 336,621 (61.6%)
154,301 (28.2%)
30,431 (5.6%)
16,826 (3.1%)
8,121 (1.5%)
Seats won 12
Increase3
0
Decrease3
0
Steady
0
Steady
0
Steady

County council

NUTS 3 region
(code UKG22).

Staffordshire operates a

cabinet-style council. There are 62 councillors for Staffordshire. The Full Council elects a cabinet of 10 councillors, including the council leader, from the majority party. Each cabinet member has their own portfolio about which they make the "day to day" decisions.[25][26]

2017 Staffordshire County Council election
Party Seats Gains Losses Net gain/loss Seats % Votes % Votes +/−
  Conservative 51 53.8%
  Labour 10 28%
  UKIP 0 6%
 
Independent
1 2.7%

Boundary changes

Areas

Administrative borough Centre of
administration
Other towns, villages and settlements
Cannock Chase District
Cannock
Heath Hayes, Cannock Wood, Bridgtown
East Staffordshire
Burton upon Trent
Rolleston-on-Dove, Rocester, Denstone
Lichfield District Lichfield Burntwood, Fazeley, Alrewas, Shenstone, Hammerwich, Chasetown, Muckley Corner
South Staffordshire Codsall
Coven Heath, Featherstone
Newcastle Borough Newcastle-under-Lyme Silverdale, Madeley, Keele, Audley, Halmerend, Kidsgrove Chesterton
Stafford Stafford Haughton, Stone, Norton Bridge, Eccleshall, Gnosall, Baschurch
Staffordshire Moorlands District Leek
Rushton Spencer, Rudyard, Tean
City of Stoke-on-Trent (unitary authority)
Stoke on Trent
Tamworth District (previously in Warwickshire) Tamworth
Belgrave, Dosthill

Historic

Wolverhampton

Some settlements were formerly governed as part of the county, these are now under the West Midlands county:

West Midlands Aldridge, Bilston, Bloxwich, Brierley Hill, Brownhills, Coseley, Darlaston, Harborne, Kingswinford, Pelsall, Rowley Regis, Sedgley, Smethwick, Tipton, Walsall, Wednesbury, Wednesfield, West Bromwich, Willenhall, Wolverhampton

Religion

In the 2011 United Kingdom census, the population of Staffordshire reported their religion as follows:

Religion reported in 2011 UK census
Staffordshire county
(excludes Stoke-on-Trent)[27]
Stoke-on-Trent[28]
Count %age Count %age
Population 848,489 100 249,008 100
Has religion 600,127 70.7 170,329 68.4
Christianity 578,352 68.2 151,624 60.9
Sikhism 3,086 0.4 579 0.2
Hinduism 2,773 0.3 1,384 0.6
Buddhism 299 0.0 66 0.0
Islam 10,817 1.3 14,993 6.0
Judaism 2,017 0.2 760 0.3
Other religion 2,783 0.3 923 0.4
No religion 193,662 22.8 62,737 25.2
Religion not stated 54,700 6.4 15,942 6.4

Church of England

The only cathedral in the county is Lichfield Cathedral in the city of Lichfield. The Diocese of Lichfield covers the whole county with the exception of Stapenhill and Amington, the north of the nearby county of Shropshire and the Black Country area of the West Midlands. The county is covered by the archdeaconries of Stoke-upon-Trent and Lichfield. The current Bishop of Lichfield is Michael Ipgrave and the current Bishop of Stafford Geoff Annas. There are 298 Church of England churches in the county.

Roman Catholic Church

Staffordshire is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Birmingham. The current archbishop is Bernard Longley.

Methodism

Primitive Methodism was founded in Staffordshire by Hugh Bourne, a native of Stoke-on-Trent, at a public gathering in the village of Mow Cop. He originally followed the Wesleyan form of Methodism but in 1801 he reformed the Methodist service by conducting it outside. By 1811 with his brother he founded the first chapel in the Tunstall area of Stoke-on-Trent.[29]

Judaism

The most popular synagogue in the county is on London Road in

Newcastle-Under-Lyme, which opened in 2006 and replaced the former Birch Terrace synagogue in Hanley.[30] According to the 2001 census there were 407 Jews in the non-metropolitan county of Staffordshire,[31] and 83 in Stoke-on-Trent.[32]

Islam

There are 15

Burton-upon-Trent and 1 in both Stafford and Lichfield.[33] As of 2019 a new mosque has finished construction in the Hanley area of Stoke-on-Trent and is the first purpose-built mosque in the area. At the 2001 census there were 7,658 Muslims in Stoke-on-Trent and 6,081 in the rest of Staffordshire, with a total of 13,739 making up 1.3% of the population. 62.9% (3823) of the Muslims in the rest of Staffordshire are from the town of Burton-upon-Trent.[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]

Transport

Canals

Staffordshire has an extensive network of canals including the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal, Caldon Canal, Coventry Canal, Shropshire Union Canal, Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal and Trent and Mersey Canal.

Railways

Stone railway station in Stone

Staffordshire has several railways that pass through and serve settlements within the county. The most important of these is the West Coast Main Line, which facilitates through services between London and Scotland. Few, if any, of these stop inside the county's borders. Stafford railway station is at a junction with the line to Birmingham New Street, a major hub, and is predominantly served by London Northwestern Railway. Stoke-on-Trent railway station is the busiest station in Staffordshire [42] and is served by long-distance CrossCountry and Avanti West Coast trains to Manchester. This station is also the terminus of the North Staffordshire line to Derby via Uttoxeter, which narrowly avoided closure in the 1960s. Stone railway station opened in 2008.

Roads

The county has relatively good links to the national roads network. Several major roads intersect the county, making it a popular location for commuters working in Birmingham. The M42 junction 10 is in Tamworth and the motorway heads southwest towards Birmingham. The M6 runs north–south through the county, which contains junctions 10A–16. The M6 Toll, the UK's first toll motorway, runs through the county with junctions in Weeford near Lichfield, Cannock and joins the M6 south of Stafford.

The

A34
run through the county. The former has been significantly widened to a dual carriageway at several sections, although much of it remains single carriageway.

Air

There are currently no airports with scheduled flights in the county, with the nearest ones being Birmingham, East Midlands and Manchester. Depending on the location, there is, however, Wolverhampton Airport in Bobbington and Tatenhill Airfield near Burton-upon-Trent, both of which are small airports catering for general aviation.

Bus

Services within the county are chiefly provided by Arriva Midlands, D&G Bus and First Potteries. National Express coaches serve towns and cities on a daily basis.

Media

Newspapers

Daily Newspapers in Staffordshire are The Sentinel, covering Stoke-on-Trent, Newcastle-under-Lyme and the Staffordshire Moorlands, Burton Mail which covers the town of Burton-upon-Trent and the Express & Star which has several editions covering Tamworth, Lichfield, Cannock Chase and Stafford.

Radio

The local BBC radio stations covering Staffordshire are

Free Radio Black Country & Shropshire covers the Cannock
area.

United Christian Broadcasters, which has facilities in Burslem and Hanchurch, has been involved in radio broadcasting since 1987. Today it is broadcast nationally in the UK through DAB digital radio.

Community radio

Staffordshire is served by a number of

Hanley

Windmill Broadcasting

In

Windmill Broadcasting, the UK's only radio station based in a Windmill, in the Broad Eye Windmill, and Stafford FM
, which broadcasts to the town on 107.3 FM.

In the Cannock Chase District, there is Cannock Chase Radio, which broadcasts on 89.6, 89.8 and 94.0 FM, and in Tamworth, there is Radio Tamworth, which broadcasts on 106.8 FM.

Television

Staffordshire is served by the ITV Central and BBC West Midlands television regions, both of which have their studios in Birmingham. The far north of the county, around Biddulph, is served by ITV Granada and BBC North West from MediaCityUK in Salford.

Notable people

Places of interest

Key
Abbey/Priory/Cathedral
Accessible open space Accessible open space
Amusement/Theme Park
Castle
Country Park Country Park
English Heritage
Forestry Commission
Heritage railway Heritage railway
Historic house
Historic House
Places of Worship Places of Worship
Museum (free)
Museum
Museum (free/not free)
National Trust
National Trust
Theatre
Zoo

Gallery

  • Stafford Shire Hall
  • Boscobel House
    Boscobel House
  • Tamworth Castle
    Tamworth Castle
  • Lichfield Cathedral
    Lichfield Cathedral
  • Weston Park
    Weston Park
  • Wightwick Manor
    Wightwick Manor
  • The Staffordshire & Worcestershire Canal
    The Staffordshire & Worcestershire Canal
  • Map of Staffordshire and its hundreds, by Wenceslas Hollar, c. 1627–1677
    Map of Staffordshire and its hundreds, by Wenceslas Hollar, c. 1627–1677

See also

References

  1. ^ "No. 62943". The London Gazette. 13 March 2020. p. 5161.
  2. ^ "Staffordshire". Collins Dictionary. n.d. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  3. ^ "A History of Dudley". Localhistories.org. Archived from the original on 10 December 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  4. ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
  5. ^ includes hunting and forestry
  6. ^ includes energy and construction
  7. ^ includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
  8. ^ Staffordshire University Website Archived 9 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Staffs.ac.uk. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  9. ^ Stoke City | History | 1863–1888 in the Beginning Archived 14 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Stokecityfc.com. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  10. ^ Stoke City | History | 1930–1939 Stan's The Man Archived 6 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Stokecityfc.com. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  11. ^ Stoke City | History | 1970–1979 Waddo Believe It (Part Two) Archived 7 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Stokecityfc.com. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  12. ^ Stoke City | History | 1980–1989 Five Managers, Five Chairmen Archived 14 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Stokecityfc.com. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  13. ^ Stoke City | History | 2000–2009 The Decade of Success Archived 14 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Stokecityfc.com. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  14. ^ Archive Archived 4 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine. TheFA.com. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  15. ^ Club | History | A Brief Club History Archived 9 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Port Vale. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  16. ^ Tamworth F.C Archived 15 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Tamworth FC. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
  17. ^ Stafford Rangers FC Archived 5 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Stafford Rangers FC. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  18. ^ Hednesford Town FC – Hednesford Town Football Club Latest News Archived 28 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Hednesfordfc.co.uk. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  19. ^ Wilson, Ed. (21 August 2011) Leek Town – a Charter Standard club Archived 28 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Pitchero.com. Retrieved 25 August 2011
  20. ^ [1] Archived 19 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Enjoy Staffordshire. Accessed 7 December 2015.
  21. .
  22. ^ "Ethnicity in Staffordshire". ONS. Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  23. ^ "Country of Birth Staffordshire". ONS. Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  24. ^ Tamworth MP Chris Pincher was initially elected as a Conservative.
  25. ^ "Role of County Council". Staffordshire County Council. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
  26. ^ "Role of the Cabinet". Staffordshire County Council. Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
  27. Office for National Statistics
    . Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  28. Office for National Statistics
    . Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  29. ^ Sailsman, Zoe (2002). "Bringing in the sheep – Hugh Bourne, the religious reformer from Stoke". BBC Stoke & Staffordshire. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2007.
  30. ^ "BBC News-Birch Terrace synagogue deconsecration ceremony". BBC. Archived from the original on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  31. ^ Neighbourhood Statistics. "Religion in Staffordshire". Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  32. ^ Neighbourhood Statistics. "Religion in Stoke-on-Trent". Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  33. ^ "Mosques in the United Kingdom". Mosques.muslimsinbritain.org. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  34. ^ Neighbourhood Statistics. "Horninglow Religion". Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  35. ^ Neighbourhood Statistics. "Eton Park Religion". Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  36. ^ Neighbourhood Statistics. "Burton Religion". Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  37. ^ Neighbourhood Statistics. "Winshill Religion". Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  38. ^ Neighbourhood Statistics. "Brizlincote Religion". Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  39. ^ Neighbourhood Statistics. "Stapenhill Religion". Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  40. ^ Neighbourhood Statistics. "Anglesey Religion". Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  41. ^ Neighbourhood Statistics. "Shobnall Religion". Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  42. ^ "Estimates of station usage | ORR Data Portal". Dataportal.orr.gov.uk. 25 November 2021. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2022.

External links