Lambeth
Lambeth | |
---|---|
The waterfront of Lambeth including the International Maritime Organization and the former HQ of the London Fire Brigade | |
Location within Greater London | |
Population | 9,675 (Bishop's ward 2011 census) |
OS grid reference | TQ305785 |
• Charing Cross | 1 mi (1.6 km) N |
London borough | |
Ceremonial county | Greater London |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | LONDON |
Postcode district | SE1 |
Dialling code | 020 |
Police | Metropolitan |
Fire | London |
Ambulance | London |
UK Parliament | |
London Assembly | |
Lambeth (
History
Toponymy
The origins of the name of Lambeth come from its first record in 1062 as Lambehitha, meaning 'landing place for lambs', and in 1255 as Lambeth. In the Domesday Book, Lambeth is called "Lanchei", which is plausibly derived from Brittonic Lan meaning a river bank and Chei being Brittonic for a quay.[4] The name refers to a harbour where lambs were either shipped from or to. It is formed from the Old English 'lamb' and 'hythe'.[5] South Lambeth is recorded as Sutlamehethe in 1241 and North Lambeth is recorded in 1319 as North Lamhuth.[5]
Medieval
The manor of Lambeth is recorded as being under ownership of the
River crossings
Lambeth Palace lies opposite the southern section of the
Early modern
The area grew with an ever-increasing population at this time, many of whom were poor.[10] As a result, Lambeth opened a parish workhouse in 1726. A parliamentary report of 1777 noted it had 270 inmates. In 1835 the Lambeth Poor Law Parish was formed. Run by an elected board of trustees, it comprised the parish of St Mary, Lambeth, "including the district attached to the new churches of St John, Waterloo, Kennington, Brixton, Norwood".[13] Following in the tradition of earlier delftware manufacturers, the Royal Doulton Pottery company had their principal manufacturing site in Lambeth for several centuries.[14] The Lambeth factory closed in 1956 and production was transferred to Staffordshire. However the Doulton offices, located on Black Prince Road still remain as they are a listed building, which includes the original decorative tiling.[14]
Between 1801 and 1831 the population of Lambeth trebled and in ten years alone between 1831 and 1841 it increased from 87,856 in to 105,883.
The Lambeth Ragged school was built in 1851 to help educate the children of destitute facilities, although the widening of the London and South Western Railway in 1904 saw the building reduced in size.[10] Part of the school building still exists today and is occupied by the Beaconsfield Gallery.[10] The Beaufoy Institute was also built in 1907 to provide technical education for the poor of the area, although this stopped being an educational institution at the end of the 20th century.[10]
Local government
The current district of Lambeth was part of the large ancient parish of
Modern
In 1948 when the first wave of immigrants of Afro-Caribbean descent arrived from Jamaica on the Windrush cruise ship, they were housed in several areas within Brixton, especially Clapham.[19] The Royal Pharmaceutical Society's headquarters were located in Lambeth High Street from 1976 until 2015.[20]
Today, the center of government in Brixton has a strong Afro-Caribbean community. Other significant minorities include Africans, South Asians, and Chinese; they make up one third of Lambeth's population.[12] The borough is a very densely populated area within London with a large young population. One third of its working age population are considered living in poverty. Lambeth ranks 8th out of 22 of the most deprived boroughs in London.[21]
Governance
At the 2015 general election, the Labour candidate Kate Hoey was elected for Vauxhall. At the snap 2017 general election, Hoey was re-elected with and increased majority. The Liberal Democrat candidate George Turner finished the runner up in Vauxhall achieving a 5% swing in his favour. Hoey stood down at the 2019 General Election and was replaced with Labour MP Florence Eshalomi, who was the sitting London Assembly Member for Lambeth and Southwark.
Buildings and churches
The church of St Mary-at-Lambeth is the oldest above ground structure in Lambeth, the oldest structure of any kind being the crypt of Lambeth Palace itself.[22] The church has pre-Norman origins, being recorded as early as 1062 as a church built by Goda, sister of Edward the Confessor. It was rebuilt in flint and stone between the years 1374 and 1377. The tower is the only original part still to survive, as much of the church was reconstructed by 1852. The church was de-consecrated in 1972 and since 1977 it has been the home of the Garden Museum.[22]
Located on the Albert Embankment is the purpose-built headquarters of the
From 1937 until 2007 the headquarters of the
The Lambeth Mission is a church of the
The Beaconsfield gallery is a public contemporary art gallery in Lambeth, which was established in 1995 and specialises in temporary exhibitions and art classes.[32] Morley College is an adult education college, founded in the 1880s, that occupies sites on either side of the boundary between the London boroughs of Southwark and Lambeth.[33]
Literary Lambeth
From 1790 to 1800, William Blake lived in North Lambeth, London, at 13 Hercules Buildings, Hercules Road.[40] In his epic 'Milton: A Poem in Two Books, the poet John Milton leaves Heaven and travels to Lambeth, in the form of a falling comet, and enters Blake's foot. This allows Blake to treat the ordinary world as perceived by the five senses as a sandal formed of "precious stones and gold" that he can now wear. Blake ties the sandal and, guided by Los, walks with it into the City of Art, inspired by the spirit of poetic creativity. The poem was written between 1804 and 1810.
Liza of Lambeth, the first novel by W. Somerset Maugham, is about the life and loves of a young factory worker living in Lambeth near Westminster Bridge Road.[34]
Thyrza, a novel by George Gissing first published in 1887, is set in late Victorian Lambeth, particularly Newport Street, Lambeth Walk and Walnut Tree Walk. The novel was intended by Gissing to "contain the very spirit of London working-class life". The story tells of Walter Egremont, an Oxford-trained idealist who gives lectures on literature to workers, some of them from his father's Lambeth factory.
Geography
Parks and open spaces
Lambeth has several areas of public parks and gardens. This includes Old Paradise Gardens, which is a park occupying a former burial ground on Lambeth High Street and Old Paradise Street. A watch-house for holding the 'drunk and disorderly' existed on the site, from 1825 until 1930 and is today marked by a memorial stone.[35] Lambeth Walk Open Space is a small public park to the east of Lambeth on Fitzalan Walk and includes several open spaces and play areas.[36] Pedlars' Park is another small public park in Lambeth, which was created in 1968 on the site of the former St. Saviour's Salamanca Street School.[37] Archbishop's Park is open to the public and borders the edge of Lambeth Palace and the neighbouring area of Waterloo and the hospital of St Thomas.
Transport
The nearest
The principal road through the area is Lambeth Road (the A3203). Lambeth Walk adjoins Lambeth Road. The current Lambeth Bridge opened on 19 July 1932. It replaced an earlier suspension bridge which itself was built between 1862 and 1928, but was eventually closed and demolished following the 1928 Thames flood.[38]
Notable people
See also
- List of schools in Lambeth
References
- Collins Dictionary.
- ^ Services, Good Stuff IT. "Lambeth – UK Census Data 2011". UK Census Data. Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
- ^ Maria-Joao, Melo Nogueira; David, Porteous; Sandra, Guerreiro (July 2015). "The Portuguese-speaking community in Lambeth: a scoping study". eprints.mdx.ac.uk. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
- ISBN 9781108028073.
- ^ a b c Mills, D. (2000). Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names. Oxford.
- ^ a b c "London Borough of Lambeth". Ideal Homes: A History of South-East London Suburbs. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ a b "Lambeth". Vauxhall History Online Archive. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
- ^ Cannon, John. "Treaty of Lambeth" A Dictionary of British History. Oxford University Press, 2009
- ^ "Royal Southwark and Lambeth". Vauxhall History. Archived from the original on 27 November 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Lambeth Pharmacy Walk" (PDF). Royal Pharmaceutical Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
- ^ a b "Lambeth: The parish". A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 4. British History Online. 1912. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
- ^ a b c "Lambeth | Description, History, & Facts". Britannica. Archived from the original on 13 July 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
- ^ "Lambeth (Parish of St Mary), Surrey, London". The history of the workhouse by Peter Higginbotham. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ a b c "Memorial – White Hart Dock". London Remembers. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ ISBN 0-901050-67-9.
- ^ "CLLR Annie Gallop elected Mayor of Lambeth with the Ebony Horse Club at Loughborough Junction nominated as her chosen charity". 22 April 2021.
- ^ a b "Streets of London: Lambeth Walk". BBC News. 24 May 2004. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
- ^ "Lambeth Baths". Vauxhall History Online Archives. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
- ^ Diakite, Parker (27 February 2019). "The Brixton Pound: London's Historically Black Neighborhood Creates Own Currency". Travel Noire. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
- ^ "Pharmacy History and Lambeth". Royal Pharmaceutical Society. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ "State of the Borough 2016" (PDF). lambeth.gov.uk. 2016. p. 5.
- ^ a b "St Mary – A history". The Garden Museum. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ a b c d e "The History of Lambeth Palace". The Archbishop of Canterbury. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ "White Hart Dock". Plaques of London. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ a b "IMO History: 30 years" (PDF). International Maritime Organization. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ "Introduction to IMO". International Maritime Organization. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ a b "IMO Building History". Manchester History. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ a b "Fire Brigade HQ History". Manchester History. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ "Developer appointed for Albert Embankment Site". London Fire Brigade. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ "8 Albert Embankment development". London Fire Brigade. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ^ a b "Lambeth Mission & St Mary's". North Lambeth Parish. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ "Main Site". Beaconsfield Gallery. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
- ^ "About". Morley College. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
- ^ "Liza of Lambeth". Vauxhall History Online Archive. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
- ^ "Lambeth Parish Watch House". Vauxhall History Online Archive. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
- ^ "Lambeth Walk Open Space". Open Play. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
- ^ "Pedlars' Park". London Park Life. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
- ^ "Lambeth Bridge and its predeceasor". British History. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
Further reading
- Daniel Lysons (1792), "Lambeth", Environs of London, vol. 1: County of Surrey, London: T. Cadell
- OCLC 12878129
- Findlay Muirhead, ed. (1922), "Lambeth", London and its Environs (2nd ed.), London: Macmillan & Co., OCLC 365061
External links
- london-se1.co.uk – local news website
- Lambeth, In Their Shoes – Lambeth history resource
- Digital Public Library of America. Works related to Lambeth, various dates