Stanisław Grabski

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Stanisław Grabski
Stanisław Grabski in c. 1919
Minister of Religious Affairs and Public Education
In office
25 March 1925 – 15 May 1926
PresidentStanisław Wojciechowski
Prime MinisterWładysław Grabski
Aleksander Skrzyński
Wincenty Witos
Preceded byBolesław Miklaszewski
Succeeded byAntoni Sujkowski
In office
27 October 1923 – 15 December 1923
PresidentStanisław Wojciechowski
Prime MinisterWincenty Witos
Preceded byStanisław Głąbiński
Succeeded byBolesław Miklaszewski
Personal details
Born(1871-04-05)April 5, 1871
Borów, Congress Poland, Russian Empire
DiedMay 6, 1949(1949-05-06) (aged 78)
Sulejówek, Poland
Resting placePowązki Cemetery, Warsaw
Political partyNational-Democratic Party
Popular National Union
Spouse(s)Ludmiła Rożen (1895–1915)
Zofia Smolikówna (1916–1949)
OccupationPolitician, economist
Awards
Grave of Stanisław Grabski at Grabski family grave at Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw

Stanisław Grabski (pronounced

Peace of Riga talks in 1921, Grabski greatly influenced the future of Poland and the Soviet Union
.

Stanisław Grabski was the brother of Władysław Grabski, another prominent Polish economist and politician who served as prime minister, and of political activist Zofia Kirkor-Kiedroniowa.

Biography

Stanisław Grabski became a political activist early in his life. In 1890, in Berlin, he edited Gazeta Robotnicza [pl] (The Workers' Gazette). In 1892 he cofounded the Polish Socialist Party (PPS), but in 1901 he detached himself from that political movement to become a member of Roman Dmowski's "nationalist" camp (later known as National Democracy).

A member of the

Polish National Committee (Komitet Narodowy Polski) in Paris
.

From 1919 to 1925, in newly independent Poland (the Second Polish Republic), he was a deputy to the Sejm (the Polish parliament) from the right-wing Popular National Union (Związek Ludowo-Narodowy).

During the

Peace of Riga (1921), he was the most influential Polish negotiator and was largely responsible for their outcome. The peace treaty resulted in partitioning of Ukraine and Belarus between Poland and the Soviet Union.[2] While peace with Soviet Russia had been accomplished, the "federalist" objectives of Józef Piłsudski had thus been defeated.[3][4]

In 1923 and from 1925 to 1926 he was the Minister of Religious Beliefs and Public Education. In that time he further pursued nationalist policies, especially

Polish Radio inauguration ceremony.[7] He was also one of the principal Polish negotiators for the Concordat of 1925
.

After Piłsudski's

Second World War, he was a professor at the Lwów University, Dublany Agricultural Academy, and Jagiellonian University
.

When the

1947 Polish legislative election. Afterwards he returned to his teaching career, becoming a professor at the University of Warsaw
.

He died in Sulejówek and was buried at Powązki Cemetery in the family grave of the Grabski family.

Views

Grabski was an outspoken exponent of nationalist ideology in the interwar period. Agreeing with Roman Dmowski on the goal of assimilating the non-Polish population of the Kresy, Grabski differed in his approach. Whereas Dmowski apparently sought to recognize Ukrainians and Belarusians as folk variants of Poles, Grabski's approach was to reduce the non-Polish population to the status of second-class citizens and limiting their contact with the Polish majority. By creating a contrast between an advanced Polish culture and a primitive minority culture Grabski hoped that long term assimilation would be assured.[9]

Family

In 1895, Grabski married Ludmiła Rożen. The couple had five children – three daughters (Feliksa, Ludmiła, Janina) and two sons (Stanisław and Zbigniew). Stanisław died in 1920 during the

Polish-Soviet War
. Zbigniew (1907–1943) was a scoutmaster, jailed until 1941 by Soviets, he died as a result of an accident during his military duties. After the death of his wife in 1915, Stanisław Grabski married Zofia Smolikówna in 1916. They had two daughters – Anna (born 1919) and Stanisława (1922–2008).

Quotes

  • "We want to base our relationships on love, but there is one kind of love for countrymen and another for aliens. Their percentage among us is definitely too high (...) The foreign element will have to see if it will not be better off elsewhere. Polish land for the Poles!" (1919)[10]
  • "The transformation of the state territory of the Republic into a Polish national territory is a necessary condition of maintaining our frontiers."[11]

Works

  • Zarys rozwoju idei społeczno-gospodarczych w Polsce (A sketch of the Development of Socioeconomic Ideas in Poland) (1903)
  • Ekonomia społeczna (Social Economy) (1927–1929)
  • Państwo narodowe (A Nation State) (1929)
  • Ku lepszej Polsce (Toward a Better Poland) (1937)
  • Na nowej drodze dziejowej (On a New Path of History) (1946)
  • Pamiętniki (Memoirs), prepared for print and edited by W. Stankiewicz (1989)

References

  1. ISBN 9780300105865
    . Retrieved 2017-02-17.
  2. ISBN 9780300105865
    . Retrieved 2017-02-17.
  3. ISBN 0-19-508105-6, Google Print, p.106
  4. ^ Norman Davies, White Eagle..., Polish edition, p.99-103
  5. ISBN 9780300105865
    . Retrieved 2017-02-17.
  6. ^ Timothy Snyder. 2003). The Reconstruction of Nations. New Haven: Yale University Press. pg. 144
  7. ^ Marcin Mierzejewski: Broadcasting Live from Poland at The Warsaw Voice website
  8. ^ Timothy Snyder. 2003). The Reconstruction of Nations. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 180–181
  9. ^ Symmons-Symonolewicz, Konstantin. "Polish Political thought and the problem of the eastern borderlands of Poland (1918–1939)." The Polish Review (1959): 65–81.
  10. ^ "Jan Herman Brinks: Polish-Germans in Poland". sussex.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2012-02-04. Retrieved 2017-02-17.
  11. ISBN 9780521576499
    . Retrieved 2017-02-17.

External links

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