Stanisław Wyspiański

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Stanisław Wyspiański
Austrian Poland
Died28 November 1907(1907-11-28) (aged 38)
Kraków, Austrian Poland
NationalityPolish
EducationSchool of Fine Arts, Kraków
Known forArchitecture, drawing, furniture, painting
MovementArt Nouveau, symbolism
SpouseTeodora Teofila Wyspiańska

Stanisław Mateusz Ignacy Wyspiański (pronounced

painter and poet, as well as interior and furniture designer. A patriotic writer, he created a series of symbolic, national dramas within the artistic philosophy of the Young Poland
Movement.

Wyspiański was one of the most outstanding and multifaceted artists of his time in Poland under

Romantic history. Unofficially, he came to be known as the Fourth Polish Bard (in addition to the earlier Three Bards: Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki, and Zygmunt Krasiński).[2][3]: 147 [4]
: 184 

Biography

Stanisław Wyspiański was born to Franciszek Wyspiański and Maria Rogowska. His father, a sculptor, owned an

Polish history and literature. Third, graduates of the school, including Lucjan Rydel, Stanisław Estreicher and Henryk Opieński, were considered prominent figures in Kraków's cultural life. As a student, Wyspiański took particular interest in art and literature. According to Joanna Stankiewiczowa, the young Stanisław portrayed small cottages, animals, plants, armors and decorations. Wyspiański also created a dramatic interpretation of Matejko's painting Stefan Batory pod Pskowem (Bathory at Pskov
).

In 1887 Wyspiański enrolled in the Faculty of Philosophy at

School of Fine Arts in Kraków. While studying at the university, he attended lectures in art, history and literature. Jan Matejko, the dean of the School of Fine Arts, soon recognized Wyspiański's talent and asked him to join in the creation of a polychrome inside the Mariacki Church.[5]

Planty Park at Dawn, 1894

The years 1890–1895 were devoted to travel. Wyspiański visited Italy,

Polish Academy of Learning for the landscape of the Kopiec Kościuszki (Kościuszko Mound
). As a painter, interior designer and poet he cooperated with the Municipal Theatre in Kraków. First he designed furniture and scenography for the theatre performances, then he staged various dramas on the stage of the theatre.

National Museum in Warsaw

He cooperated with the

Maeterlinck's in Belgium."[6] The drama made references to the contemporary situation in Poland and depicted a powerless society. Although censorship barred the sale of copies of Wesele (The Wedding), the play was staged in the theatre.[5]

Self-Portrait with Wife at the Window, 1904, National Museum in Kraków

After the success of Wesele (The Wedding) four new plays based on Polish history were published: Wyzwolenie (Liberation), Achilles, Bolesław Śmiały (Boleslaus The Bold) and Legenda II (Legend 2). The following years were devoted to publishing of Skałka and Powrót Odysa (Return of Odysseus); meanwhile Wyspiański translated Corneillea's Cyd (Le Cid) and Voltaire's Zaïre.

In 1906 Wyspiański became a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków. He was also a member of the city council. In his last years, Wyspianski's health deteriorated. As a result, he underwent medical treatments in Rymanów and Bad Hall and then settled in his small cottage in the village of Węgrzce. He died of syphilis, which was incurable at the time. His funeral took place in Kraków and became a national day of mourning. Wyspiański was buried in the Crypt of the Distinguished in the Skałka Church.[7]

Creative output

Stained-glass window in Franciscan Church
, designed by Wyspiański

Wyspiański's artistic output is very eclectic. Among dramas and poetry, there are views of

Wawel
.

Drawings, such as his 1890

Silesian Museum in Katowice; Śpiący Mietek (Sleeping Mietek) (1904), pastel drawing, Museum of Art in Łódź; Macierzyństwo (Motherhood) (1905), pastel drawing, National Museum in Kraków; and Żona artysty z synkiem Stasiem (The Artist's Wife with Their Son Staś) (1904), pastel drawing, now at the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom
.

Using this technique, he painted many of his acquaintances and artists, among others Kazimierz Lewandowski,

Planty Park with desmans (also painted in oil), the Vistula Rudawa River, cottages in Grębowo, and at the end of his life, views from his studio to the Kościuszko Mound. He also created a poster for Maeterlinck's
Wnętrze (Interior).

Part of his output constitutes various designs – mainly

Wawel Hill (the so-called Acropolis).[8]

Leading stage plays

Selected paintings

Wyspiański Museum and monuments in his honor

1996 plaque memorializing Stanisław Wyspiański at Austria Classic Hotel Wien, in Vienna

The Stanisław Wyspiański Museum in

National Museum, Kraków, sometimes referred to as the Szołayski Museum. At All Saints' Square, the Wyspiański 2000 Information Exhibition Pavilion is a rare example of contemporary architecture in the Old Town, featuring three of Wyspiański's stained glass
windows.

In 1996 a plaque for Stanisław Wyspiański was unveiled at Hotel Nordbahn (since 2008 Austria Classic Hotel Wien) at Praterstraße 72 in Vienna's Leopoldstadt, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Österreichisch-Polnische Gesellschaft (Austrian-Polish Society) and Wyspiański's frequents stays at the hotel, where among other things he wrote his German dramatic fragment "Weimar 1829" in summer 1904.

In front of the new National Museum building in Kraków on 3-go Maja Street there is a monument to Stanisław Wyspiański. 2007 was named the Year of Stanisław Wyspiański by the

Polish Sejm
.

Kraków streets associated with Wyspiański

  • 26 Krupnicza Street: Wyspiański was born at 26 Krupnicza Street in Kraków, in a house that belonged to his grandparents. He lived there until 1873.
  • 25 Kanonicza Street: In the summer of 1873 Wyspianski's family moved to the house of Jan Długosz. Wyspiański's younger brother and mother died here. In the autumn of 1880 Wyspiański moved into the house of his uncle and aunt.
  • 1 Kopernika Street: Between 1880 and 1883 he lived in the house of the Stankiewicz family, site of the later
    PTTK
    Tourist House and the present Wyspiański Hotel.
  • 2 Zacisze Street: Here was the Stankiewicz family's new apartment. It was on the second floor of the now non-extant Central Hotel at the junction of Zacisze and Basztowa streets, with a view onto the
    Planty Park
    . Because of the hotel's expansion, the Stankiewicz family was forced to move out in 1885.
  • 1 Westerplatte Street (then Kolejowa Street): In July 1895 the Stankiewicz family began living here in an apartment on the ground floor at the corner of Kolejowa and Lubicz streets. Currently at this site there are arcades and stairs to an underground passage. At the time Wyspiański had his studio in the nearby village of
    Grzegórzki, where he worked on stained glass window designs for the Franciscan Church
    .
  • 10 Poselska Street After a few months at Westerplatte Street, Wyspiański's uncle died and Wyspiański and his aunt went to live at 10 Poselska Street in a second-floor apartment.
  • 9 Mariacki Square In July 1898 Wyspiański rented a room at the junction of 9 Mariacki Square and 4 Rynek Główny. In 1907 the house was taken down and replaced by an Art Nouveau tenement block. The flat was used as a studio. Wyspiański at the time was registered at 23 Szlak Street in the house of his future wife, Teofilia Pytko.
79 Krowoderska Street, Kraków, Poland
  • 79 Krowoderska Street. In 1901 Stanisław Wyspiański received an award from the
    Wawel Royal Castle
    . This enabled him to rent a seven-room apartment at 79 Krowoderska Street, on the second floor, at the corner of Juliusza Słowackiego Avenue. He lived there with his family and also had a studio there. Allegedly there was a sign on his door: "Here lives Stanisław Wyspiański, who does not wish to be visited."
  • Węgrzce near Kraków After another prize for landscapes depicting the Kościuszko Mound awarded by the Academy of Learning, Wyspiański moved to his own house in the village of Węgrzce (nb 5). The house, now demolished, has been replaced by another private residence. There is a stone at the site with a commemorative plaque erected on the 100th anniversary of the artist's birth.
  • 1 Siemiradzkiego Street The hospital where Wyspiański died on 28 November 1907 still exists, although it operates now as a maternity hospital. It is situated on the corner of Siemiradzkiego and Łobzowska streets.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ M. Kantor. Translated by Maya Boncza (Winter 2008). "Year of Stanislaw Wyspianski" (PDF direct download, 2.67 MB). Krakow: Alma Mater. Miesiecznik Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
  2. ISSN 2210-2396
    .
  3. ISBN 978-0-520-21190-2
    .
  4. ISBN 978-90-420-0113-8
    .
  5. ^ a b "Stanisław Wyspiański". Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  6. ^ Ann Komaromi, "Wyspianski's Wesele: Poised on the Border," Theatre Journal – Volume 54, Number 2, May 2002, The Johns Hopkins University Press Theatre Journal 54.2 (2002) pp. 187–202, JHU.edu
  7. ^ "Stanisław Wyspiański (1869-1907)". Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  8. ^ "Stanisław Wyspiański". Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  9. ^ "Muzeum Stanisława Wyspiańskiego w Kamienicy Szołayskich (Kraków)". Muzea w Polsce. museo.pl. Retrieved 2 November 2012.

Bibliography

English Literature

  • Zimmer, Szczepan K. (1959) Stanisław Wyspiański, Biographical Sketch, translated by Helena Maria Zimmer

Polish Literature

  • Brodnicki, W. (1970) Między niebem a piekłem. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Łódzkie.
  • Kępiński, Z. (1984) Stanisław Wyspiański. Warsaw: Literatura.
  • Nelken, H. (1959) Stanisław Wyspiański. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Arkady
  • Skoczylas, L. (1972) Stanisław Wyspiański – życie i twórczość. Cracow: Książnica Powszechna.

German Literature

  • Taborski, Roman (1996) Stanisław Wyspiański – der große Schöpfer der polnischen Moderne  : anläßlich der Enthüllung der Wyspiański gewidmeten Gedenktafel in Wien (Ed.: Edward Hałoń) . Vienna: Zentrum für Verbreitung d. Wiss. d. Poln. Akad. d. Wiss.

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