Stanislas Dehaene

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Stanislas Dehaene
INSERM Unit 562 "Cognitive Neuroimaging" (director); Collège de France (professor)
Doctoral advisorJacques Mehler

Stanislas Dehaene (born May 12, 1965) is a French author and

INSERM Unit 562, "Cognitive Neuroimaging".[2]

Dehaene was one of ten people to be awarded the James S. McDonnell Foundation Centennial Fellowship[3] in 1999 for his work on the "Cognitive Neuroscience of Numeracy". In 2003, together with Denis Le Bihan, Dehaene was awarded the Grand Prix scientifique de la Fondation Louis D. from the Institut de France.[4] He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2010.[5] In 2014, together with Giacomo Rizzolatti and Trevor Robbins, he was awarded the Brain Prize.[6]

Dehaene is an associate editor of the journal Cognition, and a member of the editorial board of several other journals, including

PLoS Biology, Developmental Science, and Neuroscience of Consciousness.[7]

Early life and education

Dehaene studied mathematics at the

University of Paris VI.[1]

He turned to neuroscience and psychology[when?] after reading Jean-Pierre Changeux's book, L'Homme neuronal (Neuronal Man: The Biology of The Mind).[citation needed]

Dehaene began to collaborate on computational neuronal models of human cognition, including working memory and task control, collaborations which continue to the present day.

École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), Paris.[1]

Career

After receiving his doctorate, Dehaene became a research scientist at

INSERM in the Cognitive Sciences and Psycholinguistics Laboratory (Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique) directed by Mehler.[1] He spent two years, from 1992 to 1994, as a post-doctoral fellow at the Institute of Cognitive and Decision Sciences, with Michael Posner at the University of Oregon.[1]

Dehaene returned to France in 1997[8] to serve as Research Director at INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research) through 2005. He subsequently began his own research group, which today[when?] numbers nearly 30 graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and researchers.[1] In 2005, he was elected to the newly created Chair of Experimental Cognitive Psychology at the Collège de France.[1]

Work

Numerical cognition

Dehaene is best known for his work on numerical cognition, a discipline which he popularized and synthesized with the publication of his 1997 book, The Number Sense (La Bosse des maths) which won the Prix Jean-Rostand [fr] for best French language general-audience scientific book. He began his studies of numerical cognition with Jacques Mehler, examining the cross-linguistic frequency of number words,[9] whether numbers were understood in an analog or compositional manner,[10][11] and the connection between numbers and space (the "SNARC effect").[12] With Changeux, he then developed a computational model of numerical abilities, which predicted log-gaussian tuning functions for number neurons,[13] a finding which has now been elegantly confirmed with single-unit physiology[14]

With long-time collaborator Laurent Cohen, a neurologist at the

EEG[16][17] and functional neuroimaging[18][19][20]
studies of these capacities, showing that parietal and frontal regions were specifically involved in mathematical cognition, including the dissociation between subtraction and multiplication observed in his previous patient studies.

Together with

Mundurucu (an indigenous tribe living in Para, Brazil).[21]

Consciousness

Dehaene subsequently turned his attention to work on the

Global Workspace Theory, which suggest that only one piece of information can gain access to a "global neuronal workspace".[22] To explore the neural basis of this global neuronal workspace, he has conducted functional neuroimaging experiments of masking and the attentional blink, which show that information that reaches conscious awareness leads to increased activation in a network of parietal and frontal regions.[23][24][25] However, some of his work on this subject has been called into question due to a methodological flaw in the "standard reasoning of unconscious priming".[26]

Neural basis of reading

In addition, Dehaene has used brain imaging to study language processing in monolingual and bilingual subjects, and in collaboration with Laurent Cohen, the neural basis of reading. Dehaene and Cohen initially focused on the role of

inferior temporal cortex for reading written words. They identified a region they called the "visual word form area" (VWFA) that was consistently activated during reading,[27][28][29] and also found that when this region was surgically removed to treat patients with intractable epilepsy, reading abilities were severely impaired.[30]

Dehaene, Cohen and colleagues have subsequently demonstrated that, rather than being a single area, the VWFA is the highest stage in a hierarchy of visual feature extraction for letter and word recognition.[31][32]

More recently, they have turned their attention to how learning to read may depend on a process of "

neuronal recycling" that causes brain circuits originally evolved for object recognition to become tuned to recognize frequent letters, pairs of letters and words,[33] and have tested these ideas examining brain responses in a group of adults who did not learn to read due to social and cultural constraints.[34][35]

Bibliography

As editor

As author

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Curriculum Vitae. unicog.org. Last updated Monday, 30 August 2010
  2. ^ "Welcome to the INSERM-CEA Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit". unicog.org. 27 January 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  3. ^ "James S. McDonnell Foundation". Jsmf.org. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  4. ^ "Louis D. Prize" (in French). Institut de France. 2003. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011.
  5. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  6. ^ "Biography Stanislas Dehaene". thebrainprize.org.
  7. ^ "Neuroscience of Consciousness". nc.oxfordjournals.org. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 23 January 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  8. ^ Stanislas Dehaene Curriculum Vitae, last updated Monday, 13 February, 2017.
  9. S2CID 30060533
    .
  10. PMID 2740196
    .
  11. PMID 2144576
    .
  12. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.122.3.371
    .
  13. S2CID 16000458
    .
  14. S2CID 14578049
    .
  15. S2CID 8484983
    .
  16. S2CID 8546301
    .
  17. doi:10.1080/135467997387461
    .
  18. PMID 10320379
    .
  19. PMID 10380965
    .
  20. S2CID 7960805
    .
  21. S2CID 10653745
    .
  22. S2CID 1762431
    .
  23. PMID 29567809
    .
  24. S2CID 16817321
    .
  25. S2CID 7190211
    .
  26. ^ Meyen, S., Zerweck, I. A., Amado, C., von Luxburg, U., & Franz, V. H. (2021, July 15). Advancing Research on Unconscious Priming: When Can Scientists Claim an Indirect Task Advantage?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0001065
  27. PMID 11960895
    .
  28. S2CID 17598792
    .
  29. S2CID 8534353
    .
  30. PMID 16630832
    .
  31. S2CID 17737103
    .
  32. S2CID 2361742
    .
  33. S2CID 11364814
    .
  34. S2CID 1359577
    .
  35. S2CID 14043432
    .
  36. ^ "Reading in the Brain by Stanislas Dehaene". pagesperso-orange.fr. Retrieved 6 September 2010.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stanislas Dehaene.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanislas_Dehaene&oldid=1218554759"