Stanley Savige
Sir Stanley George Savige | |
---|---|
Morwell, Victoria | |
Died | 15 May 1954 Kew, Victoria | (aged 63)
Buried | |
Allegiance | Australia |
Service/ | Australian Army |
Years of service | 1915–1946 |
Rank | Lieutenant General |
Service number | VX13 |
Commands held | II Corps (1944–45) New Guinea Force (1944) I Corps (1944) 3rd Division (1942–44) 17th Infantry Brigade (1939–41) 10th Infantry Brigade (1935–39) 24th Infantry Battalion (1928–35) 37th Infantry Battalion (1924–28) Urmia Force (1918) |
Battles/wars |
|
Awards | Greek War Cross (Class A) |
Other work | Founder, Legacy Australia Director, Olympic Tyre & Rubber Co. Ltd Chairman, Moran & Cato Ltd. Chairman, Central War Gratuity Board Commissioner, State Savings Bank of Victoria |
In March 1915, after the outbreak of the First World War, Savige enlisted in the
During the early years of the Second World War, Savige commanded the
In later life, Savige was a director of Olympic Tyre & Rubber Ltd from 1946 to 1951 and chairman of
Early life
Stanley Savige was born on 26 June 1890, in
First World War
Gallipoli
Savige enlisted in the First Australian Imperial Force (AIF) on 6 March 1915, and was posted to the 24th Infantry Battalion, which departed Melbourne for Egypt on the transport Euripides on 8 May 1915. He was passed over for a commission due to his lack of education,[4] but was promoted to corporal on 30 April and lance sergeant on 8 May.[5] The 24th Infantry Battalion landed at Gallipoli on 5 September 1915 and took over part of the line at Lone Pine.[6] Savige became company sergeant major on 20 September.[5] There, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant on 9 November 1915.[7] During the evacuation of Gallipoli in December 1915, Savige was one of three officers chosen to serve with the battalion rearguard.[8]
Western Front
After a brief period of rest and reorganisation in Egypt, the
In February 1917, the
In the
Savige was
For conspicuous gallantry in action at the Hindenburg Line on 3rd May 1917. After assisting to reorganise a party of broken infantry he acted as staff officer to the Senior Officer in the captured position. In this capacity he displayed most commendable coolness, energy and ability, in securing reliable information as to the progress of the action.[19]
Savige was ultimately awarded the Military Cross on 1 January 1918,[20] for both his "consistent good work and devotion to duty" in the period spanning 26 February to 17 March 1917 and his "coolness under fire and tenacity of purpose" during the Second Battle of Bullecourt from April–May 1917.[21] He was mentioned in despatches a second time for his role in the Battle of Passchendaele,[22] although he was originally recommended for a bar to his Military Cross.[5] His citation read:
For conspicuous gallantry. On the night of the 3rd/4th Oct. he assisted in laying out jumping-off and direction tapes at Zonnebeke on which the attacking battalions formed up. He then checked their correctness —This was done under heavy fire. He then helped to guide the attackers to their positions. On the night 8th/9th October. he did similar work on Broodseinde Ridge under particularly heavy fire and throughout the attack on the 9th October. he remained in the forward area gathering information and forwarding it to Brigade Headquarters. This Officer has been on many occasions conspicuous for his gallantry.[23]
Although Savige was informed that the citation had gone through, the medal was never gazetted.[5] He became assistant brigade major of the 6th Infantry Brigade on 10 September and was acting brigade major from 22 November until 11 January 1918.[7]
Iran
Following the
Following the capture of
The stand made by Savige and his eight companions that evening and during half of the next day against hundreds of the enemy thirsting like wolves to get at the defenceless throng was as fine as any episode known to the present writer in the history of this war.[29]
Savige was subsequently decorated with the Distinguished Service Order for his efforts on this occasion.[31] His citation read:
For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty during the retirement of refugees from Sain Kelen to Tikkaa Tappah, 26/28th July, 1918; also at Chalkaman, 5/6th August. In command of a small party sent to protect the rear of the column of refugees, he by his resource and able dispositions kept off the enemy, who were in greatly superior numbers. He hung on to position after position until nearly surrounded, and on each occasion extricated his command most skilfully. His cool determination and fine example inspired his men, and put heart into the frightened refugees.[32]
For his services in Iran, Savige was also mentioned in despatches a third time.
Between the wars
Savige married Lilian Stockton on 28 June 1919 at the
In 1923, Gellibrand founded the Remembrance Club in Hobart, with the aim of encouraging returned servicemen in business. Savige visited Gellibrand in Hobart during August 1923, and Gellibrand urged him to set up a similar club in Melbourne. Soon after Savige's return to Melbourne, a group of ex-servicemen met to say farewell to one of their number who was about to go to England. Savige used this opportunity to bring up the idea of a club similar to Gellibrand's Remembrance Club. After several informal meetings, the Melbourne club's inaugural meeting was held in Anzac House, Melbourne. Legacy Australia was founded as an ex-servicemen's club, but soon became a charitable organisation focusing on war widows and orphans. For the next 26 years, due to his commitment, energy and enthusiasm, Savige's name became inseparable from both the club and the movement.[38]
Savige joined the Militia on 19 February 1920, with his AIF rank of captain. He served with Headquarters 3rd Division—then under Gellibrand—from July 1921 to November 1924. He commanded the 37th Infantry Battalion from 1 December 1924 to 31 July 1928, the 24th Infantry Battalion from 1 August 1928 to 31 May 1935, and the 10th Infantry Brigade from 1 June 1935 to 12 October 1939. Along the way, he was promoted to major on 1 July 1924, lieutenant colonel on 1 July 1926, colonel on 1 June 1935, and brigadier on 1 May 1938. His promotion, while neither meteoric nor exceptional, was still far faster than that enjoyed by regular officers like Frank Berryman, Horace Robertson, or George Alan Vasey, who had been majors in the AIF but remained at that rank for nearly twenty years, only to find themselves junior to Militia officers like Savige.[7] For his part, Savige was a critic of the regulars. While commander of 10th Infantry Brigade, he insisted that Royal Military College, Duntroon graduates serve first as platoon commanders before assuming staff posts, so they could acquire an understanding of the men. He wrote to Gellibrand:
[Staff Corps] men are taken in hand at an early age and trained only to be soldiers. In peace they are chiefly military clerks with an ability to repeat the contents of the little red books. Some of course get beyond that stage but they are few in number.[39]
Second World War
Libya
Shortly after the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, Prime Minister Robert Menzies announced the decision to form a Second Australian Imperial Force.[40] He further directed that all commands in the new 6th Division would go to militiamen.[41] Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Blamey—who was appointed commander of the 6th Division on 28 September—selected Savige to command its 17th Infantry Brigade, the brigade from Victoria. Savige was given the AIF serial number VX13.[42] He and Blamey had worked together when Blamey had commanded the 3rd Division from 1931 to 1937, and Savige was "almost fanatically loyal to Blamey through bad as well as good times".[43] For regular officers, their exclusion from command positions was "the final straw".[44] Savige suspected—accurately in part—that Staff Corps officers were out to get him. A "general atmosphere of criticism and derogation" infected the force that would eventually sour relations between Blamey and some Staff Corps officers.[45]
Considering its inexperience, Savige's 17th Infantry Brigade was given a complicated role in the Battle of Bardia. While the 2/6th Infantry Battalion made a demonstration on the right, the 2/5th Infantry Battalion, reinforced by part of the 2/7th Infantry Battalion, attempted to follow up the 16th Infantry Brigade's attack, with the remainder of the 2/7th in reserve. The brigade had to move in four directions at once.[46] The plan soon went wrong, as the 2/5th in particular suffered a series of mishaps.[47] By nightfall, Colonel Frank Berryman, the divisional chief of staff, had reached the conclusion that the 17th Infantry Brigade had become too tired and disorganised for further effort. This was only partly due to enemy action; the rest was attributable to Berryman's own plan, which had dispersed the brigade and provided it with inadequate armoured and, in the final stages, artillery support.[48] Savige also bore some of the blame, for failing to ensure that his subordinates understood and carried out the plan.[49]
He was a skilful manager of men, using an easy friendly manner to decrease the distance that separated him from his subordinates. He was a sage leader in battle whose approach to all problems was practical and objective. He could write clearly and interestingly and enjoyed writing, whether it was of orders and doctrine for future operations or accounts of past battles; he had a sense of history and the doings of his commands were usually more fully recorded than those of companion formations.
Gavin Long[37]
At the
Brigadier Savige commanded the 17th Aust. Inf. Bde in the Battles of Bardia (3–5 Jan) Tobruk (21–22 Jan), Derna (24–31 Jan), and the pursuit to Slonta. He showed fine control organisation and leadership throughout, culminating in an excellent example of initiative and drive which broke the enemy flank west of Derna thus accelerating the enemy retreat and final defeat.[5]
Greece and Syria
The 17th Infantry Brigade was the last to land in Greece,[53] arriving at Piraeus on 12 April. Savige was placed in charge of Savige Force, consisting of the 2/5th, 2/6th, 2/7th and 2/11th Infantry Battalions, with armour, artillery, engineer and other support. He was given the mission of covering the Allied flank around Kalabaka.[54] On 17 April, Savige received orders to withdraw from Kalabaka, leaving only a rearguard behind. The road behind him, however, was packed with vehicles, and a crucial bridge on the only reasonably good road back had accidentally been demolished. Savige elected to disregard his orders and hold his position until the road was clear.[55] He then managed to withdraw, although his driver's foot was broken in an air raid.[56] Savige arrived back in Palestine on 1 May 1941 and began the task of rebuilding his brigade. For the campaign in Greece, he received his fourth mention in despatches.[57]
Savige did not pretend to be a military genius but only a commander who knew his way around the battlefield because he had learned soldiering the hard way.
John Hetherington[58]
In June 1941, the
By June 1941, Blamey had become concerned about Savige's health. A thorough medical examination in August declared that Savige had reached a stage of complete exhaustion.
Defence of Australia
Savige arrived in Australia on 5 January 1942 to find that his new appointment had been changed to commander of the 3rd Division,[65] and he was promoted to the rank of major general two days later.[7] The outbreak of war with Japan prompted a wholesale reorganisation of the forces in Australia and Savige was one of a number of officers with experience in the Middle East who was promoted and given command of a Home Army formation.[66] Savige threw himself into the task of preparing his command for the war, weeding out the physically unfit and incompetent. By May, he had removed some 60 officers.[65] Replacing them was another matter. The division was at less than half strength when Savige assumed command and was filled with large numbers of 18-year-old conscripts.[67] One new arrival was especially welcome: Lieutenant Colonel John Wilton, who was posted as General Service Officer, First Grade (GSO1) in August. Savige later recalled that "I never had a more competent staff, nor such a co-operative team, than that staff after Wilton came along."[68] The 3rd Division moved to southern Queensland in July, where it came under Lieutenant General Edmund Herring's II Corps. In October, Herring succeeded Rowell as commander of New Guinea Force, and Savige became acting corps commander. With his attention focused on the corps, Savige relied on Wilton to supervise the training of the 3rd Division.[69]
Wau–Salamaua
The 3rd Division was alerted to move to New Guinea in February 1943, but Blamey did not initially intend for Savige to command it, for he felt that "it's very tough going up there",[70] and he still had doubts about Savige's physical fitness. A thorough medical examination cleared the way, and Savige departed for Port Moresby in March 1943.[71] The successful conclusion of the Battle of Wau left the 17th Infantry Brigade—now under Brigadier Murray Moten—at Wau as the only troops in contact with the enemy in the South West Pacific Area.[72] Herring, now in command of New Guinea Force, ordered Savige to threaten the Japanese position at Salamaua; the result was the Salamaua–Lae campaign.[73] Despite the rugged conditions, Savige led from the front. He visited forward positions and flew over frontline areas wearing his scarlet general's cap band to let his men—and any Japanese sniper—know that the general was on the job.[74]
"I know," Blamey replied to a senior staff officer who was urging him to drop Savige, "they say I stick with him because he's my friend. Tell me when he has let me down in this war!" The anti-Savige advocate mentioned a tale which was going about: it was not Savige but a subordinate commander who was doing the real job. "Somebody's got to do the job," Blamey answered. "If a commander can pick a good man, give him a job to do and stand behind him, that is all that matters. If he doesn't stand behind him, he's a bad commander. If anybody can prove to me that Savige has ever let me down, then Savige won't be there."
John Hetherington[74]
Once again, Savige would not escape controversy. In this case, difficulties arose from the fact that Herring failed to make it clear to Savige and Wilton exactly what was meant by "threaten". What would end up being threatened by Savige's very success was Blamey's plan for the capture of Lae, which called for the Japanese defenders of Lae to be drawn away towards Salamaua.[75] The campaign also included an acrimonious exchange between Savige and American commanders that threatened Allied harmony. This arose, ironically, because of Herring's deliberately vague instructions, which he hoped would ensure Allied harmony.[76]
On 15 August, Blamey and Berryman, now a major general, arrived in Port Moresby.
Maj-Gen. Savige had control of the Battle for Salamaua from 30 Jun. 43 till his relief on 26 Aug. 43. The battle was finally won on 11 Sep. 43—the credit for victory must rest with Maj-Gen. Savige during whose period of command, the back of the enemy's defence was broken. The nature of the country rendered great assistance to the defender, and careful planning alone enabled the defences to be overcome. The supplying of our forward troops was also a terrific problem.
Maj-Gen. Savige triumphed over all these difficulties, his men were kept supplied, they were encouraged to endure the most dreadful hardships, and to overcome great difficulties of terrain. Maj-Gen. Savige's plans were well conceived and he saw them carried through. The success achieved is of the greatest importance to the Allied cause, and Maj-Gen. Savige by his fine leadership has made a very real contribution to the ultimate success of the United nations.
The victories won over the enemy at the battles for Mubo and Komiatum were due to his well conceived plans and energetic execution.[5]
New Guinea
In February 1944, the appointment of Herring as Chief Justice of the
On 12 April 1944, Savige's I Corps headquarters moved up from Queensland to relieve that of Berryman's II Corps at
Bougainville
Although geographically the largest of the Solomon Islands, Bougainville was politically part of Australian New Guinea and Prime Minister John Curtin desired that Australia should contribute to the garrison.[84] Savige’s II Corps was ordered to "reduce enemy resistance on Bougainville Island as opportunity offers without committing major forces".[85] "To a commander like General Savige, who was not only deeply imbued with the doctrine of aggressiveness which was an AIF article of faith in both world wars but also burning to end his military career in a swirl of action,"" wrote correspondent John Hetherington, Savige's orders "were invitingly flexible."[86] GHQ reckoned that there were no more than 12,000 Japanese left on Bougainville, while LHQ estimated 25,000. Actually, more than 40,000 Japanese were still alive on Bougainville in November 1944.[87]
Savige's sixth and last campaign of the war was free of controversy about his command.[88] Once again, he had a talented regular officer as chief of staff, Brigadier Ragnar Garrett, with whom he had worked in Greece during 1941 and more recently in New Guinea.[89] Moreover, as a corps commander, tactical details could be left to subordinates, although Savige still had to keep a close eye on them to ensure that they did not take unnecessary risks or incur needless casualties.[90] Savige continued to tour the front lines wearing his scarlet cap band and flying his car flag. He also maintained his concern for, and rapport with, the ordinary soldiers under his command.[91] The final campaign on Bougainville cost 516 Australian lives. Some 8,500 Japanese were killed while 9,800 died of other causes, leaving 23,571 still alive when the war ended.[92] On 8 September 1945, Savige accepted their surrender at Torokina.[93]
After the war
From October 1945 to May 1946, Savige served as co-ordinator of
Blamey recommended Savige for a
Death
Savige died of
See also
- Witnesses and testimonies of the Armenian Genocide
Notes
- ^ ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 19 December 2006.
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 9
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 10
- ^ Keating 2006, pp. 10–11
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Personnel file, Stanley George Savige, NAA (ACT): B883 VX13". Retrieved 17 March 2009.
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 11
- ^ a b c d e The Army List of Officers of the Australian Military Forces. 1945. p. 6.
- ^ a b Keating 2006, p. 13
- ^ a b Keating 2006, p. 14
- ^ Bean 1933, p. 483
- ^ Bean 1933, p. 72
- ^ Bean 1933, p. 75
- ^ Bean 1933, p. 119
- ^ Bean 1933, p. 124
- ^ Bean 1933, pp. 483–484
- ^ Bean 1933, p. 459
- ^ Bean 1933, p. 488
- ^ "No. 30107". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 June 1917. p. 5422. MID – Bullecourt
- ^ "Recommendation for Stanley George Savige to be awarded a Military Cross for conspicuous gallantry in action at the Hindenburg Line on 3rd May 1917" (PDF). Australian War Memorial. 11 May 1917. Retrieved 23 January 2009.
- ^ "No. 30450". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 January 1918. p. 52. MC
- ^ "Recommendation for Stanley George Savige to be awarded a Military Cross for consistent good work and devotion to duty February/March 1917 and coolness under fire and tenacity of purpose April/May 1917" (PDF). Australian War Memorial. 9 September 1917. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
- ^ "No. 30448". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 December 1917. p. 13566. MID – Passchendaele
- ^ "Recommendation for Stanley George Savige to be awarded a Military Cross for conspicuous gallantry on the nights 3/4 Oct and 8/9 Oct 1917" (PDF). Australian War Memorial. 14 October 1917. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
- ^ Bean 1937, pp. 728–731
- ^ Bean 1937, p. 730
- ^ Bean 1937, p. 731
- ^ Bean 1937, p. 728
- ^ Bean 1937, p. 745
- ^ a b Bean 1937, pp. 750–751
- ^ Savige 1920, p. 132
- ^ "No. 31219". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 March 1919. p. 3227. DSO announcement
- ^ "No. 31583". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 October 1919. p. 12234. DSO citation
- ^ "No. 31386". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 June 1919. p. 7256. MID – Persia
- ^ "Savige diary and photographs, 2 January 1918 – 27 January 1919 / Stanley George Savige". Catalogue. State Library of NSW. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
- ^ a b c Keating 2006, pp. 24–26
- ^ "Gwendolyn Lesley Savige". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
- ^ a b Long 1952, p. 48
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 25
- ^ Keating 2006, pp. 28–29
- ^ Long 1952, p. 39
- ^ Long 1952, p. 44
- ^ Long 1952, p. 47
- ^ Hetherington 1973, p. 55
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 35
- ^ Grey 1992, pp. 78–79
- ^ Long 1952, pp. 160–161
- ^ Long 1952, p. 174
- ^ Long 1952, p. 190
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 50
- ^ Keating 2006, pp. 54–55
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 59
- ^ "No. 35209". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 July 1941. p. 3882.
- ^ Hetherington 1973, p. 149
- ^ Long 1953, p. 79 Savige Force included the 2/5th, 2/6th, 2/7th and 2/11th Infantry Battalions; seven cruiser tanks of the 3rd Royal Tank Regiment; two troops of the 64th Medium Regiment, Royal Artillery; a battery of New Zealand field artillery; a battery of Australian anti-tank artillery; a company of the 2/1st Machine Gun Battalion; the 2/2nd Field Company; and the 2/2nd Field Ambulance.
- ^ Long 1953, p. 110
- ^ Long 1953, p. 134
- ^ "No. 35396". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 December 1941. p. 7357.
- ^ "Savige, the man's man". The Argus. Melbourne: National Library of Australia. 17 May 1954. p. 4. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 72
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 166
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 77
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 80
- ^ Hetherington 1973, pp. 193–194
- ^ "War Diary 17 Infantry Brigade December 1941". Australian War Memorial. p. 2. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
- ^ a b Keating 2006, p. 84
- ^ McCarthy 1959, p. 13
- ^ Horner 2005, p. 74
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 87
- ^ Keating 2006, pp. 86–89
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 90
- ^ Keating 2006, pp. 90–91
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 93
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 100
- ^ a b Hetherington 1973, p. 315
- ^ Keating 2006, pp. 100–105
- ^ Keating 2006, pp. 110–112
- ^ a b Keating 2006, p. 123
- ^ a b Keating 2006, p. 125
- ^ "No. 36251". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 November 1943. p. 5061.
- ^ Dexter 1961, p. 780
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 137
- ^ Horner 1992, p. 306
- ^ II Corps Report on Operational and Administrative Activities 10 April 1944 – 30 September 1944, Savige Papers, AWM 3DRL 2529 53
- ^ Hasluck 1970, p. 566
- ^ LHQ Operation Instruction No. 66, "Roles of First Aust Army", 18 October 1944, AWM113 MH 1/154.
- ^ Hetherington 1973, p. 358
- ^ Long 1963, pp. 100–103
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 158
- ^ Long 1963, p. 97
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 152
- ^ Keating 2006, p. 157
- ^ Long 1963, p. 417
- ^ Long 1963, p. 558
- ^ Horner 1998, p. 559
- ^ Horner 1998, p. 579
- ^ "No. 38930". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 June 1950. p. 2810.
- ^ a b Keating 2006, p. 164
- ^ "Records to museum General Savige left £66,006". The Argus. Melbourne: National Library of Australia. 28 October 1954. p. 6. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
- ^ "AWM Collection Record: 3DRL/2529". Archived from the original on 2 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
- ^ Kiwarkis, Gaby. "Australian-Assyrians commemorate life of Lt General Sir Stanley Savige". Assyrian Australian Association. Archived from the original on 2 September 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2009.
References
- )
- —— (1937). Volume V: The Australian Imperial Force in France during the Main German Offensive, 1918 (PDF). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. )
- Dexter, David (1961). The New Guinea Offensives (PDF). OCLC 2028994. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- OCLC 24502133.
- OCLC 33346943. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- Hetherington, John (1973). Blamey, Controversial Soldier: A Biography of Field Marshal Sir Thomas Blamey. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 2025093.
- OCLC 26195398.
- —— (1998). Blamey: The Commander-in-Chief. St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. OCLC 39291537.
- —— (2005). Strategic Command: General John Wilton and Australia's Asian Wars. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. OCLC 57430986.
- Keating, Gavin Michael (2006). The Right Man for the Right Job: Lieutenant General Sir Stanley Savige as a Military Commander. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. OCLC 63692517.
- OCLC 3134176. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- —— (1953). Greece, Crete and Syria (PDF). Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 3134080. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- —— (1963). The Final Campaigns (PDF). Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 1297619. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- McCarthy, Dudley (1959). South-West Pacific Area – First Year (PDF). Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 3134247. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- Savige, Stanley (1920). Stalky's Forlorn Hope (PDF). Melbourne: McCubbin. OCLC 37079372. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
Further reading
- Russell, W. B. (1959). There Goes a Man: The Biography of Sir Stanley G. Savige. Melbourne: Longmans. OCLC 2954812.
- Savige, Walter E.; Titcher, Margot (1996). Savage Savige: Tables of descendants of Samuell Savage (1739–1802) of Greens Norton, Northamptonshire, England, and his wife Sarah Bodily, and a short account of the history of the family. Melbourne: Savige Family Publications. OCLC 221991758.
- Lindenmayer, Sarah (2018). Debt of honour. Calwell, ACT, Australia: Australian Self Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-6483177-2-2.
- Perry, Roland (24 September 2018). Anzac Sniper: The Extraordinary Story of Stan Savige, One of Australia's Greatest Soldiers. ABC Books. ISBN 978-0-7333-3845-8.
External links
- "Savige diary and photographs, 2 January 1918 – 27 January 1919 / Stanley George Savige". State Library of New South Wales. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
- "Legacy – History". Legacy. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
- "Assyrians honour Lt General Sir Stanley Savige". Assyrian community in Australia. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 11 September 2008.