Stans
Stans | ||
---|---|---|
Mayor Gemeindepräsidentin | Beatrice Richard-Ruf FDP/PRD | |
Area | ||
• Total | 11.08 km2 (4.28 sq mi) | |
Elevation | 452 m (1,483 ft) | |
Population (31 December 2018)[2] | ||
• Total | 8,393 | |
• Density | 760/km2 (2,000/sq mi) | |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (Central European Time) | |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time) | |
Postal code(s) | 6370 | |
SFOS number | 1509 | |
ISO 3166 code | CH-NW | |
Surrounded by | Buochs, Dallenwil, Ennetbürgen, Ennetmoos, Oberdorf, Stansstad | |
Website | www SFSO statistics |
Stans (German pronunciation: [ʃtans]) is the capital of the canton of Nidwalden (Nidwald) in Switzerland.
The official language of Stans is
History
Stans is one of the oldest settlements in the entire Nidwalden valley. The first traces of human settlement date to the second century BC.
During the seventh or eighth century, the
Stans was first mentioned in 1124.[4] By 1291, when Unterwalden joined Uri and Schwyz in what became the Swiss Confederation, Stans was already the capital of the section known as Unterwalden nid dem Kernwald which would become the half canton of Nidwalden.
In 1386, during the
Following the Swiss victories in the
During the
In 1713 two-thirds of the town was destroyed in a fire. Following the fire, new regulations kept the village square (Dorfplatz) open and clear of construction. The large, open square surrounded by
In 1798 Stans was stormed by French troops, following the decision of Nidwalden not to adopt the constitution of the
In the 20th century, modern technology and transportation changed Stans. In 1893 Stans was connected to the rail network of Lucerne by steam ferry. In 1964 the Lucerne-Stans-Engelberg rail way was opened and in 1966 the A2 motorway (which is Switzerland's main north–south axis from Basel to Chiasso) was constructed.
The open-air assembly (Landsgemeinde) was held in Stans annually until its abolition in 1997.
Geography
The area of Stans is 11.08 km2 (4.28 sq mi). Much of the land within the borders of Stans is agricultural (43.7%), while just over a third (36.5%) is forested. Of the remaining area, about 17% is settlements and less than 2.6% is unproductive (mountains, rivers or glaciers).[7] The highest point within the borders of Stans is on the Stanserhorn and is 1,819 m (5,968 ft) above sea level. The lowest point is at Fronhofen where the elevation is 438 m (1,437 ft). The village square (Dorfplatz) has an elevation of 452 m (1,483 ft).[8]
Climate
Stans has an average of 137.7 days of rain per year and on average receives 1,224 mm (48.2 in) of precipitation. The wettest month is August when Stans receives an average of 166 mm (6.5 in) of precipitation on 13.6 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is June, with an average of 14.2, but with only 156 mm (6.1 in) of precipitation. The driest month of the year is January with an average of 65 mm (2.6 in) of precipitation over 13.6 days.[9]
Demographics
Stans has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 8,171.[10] As of 2007[update], 9.4% of the population was made up of foreign nationals.[11] Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 13.2%. Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks German (91.6%), with Italian being second most common (2.0%) and Serbo-Croatian being third (1.2%).[12] As of 2008[update] the gender distribution of the population was 48.6% male and 51.4% female. As of 2000[update] there are 2,816 households, of which 1,837 households (or about 65.2%) contain only one or two individuals. 202 or about 7.2% are large households, with at least five members.[13]
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the FDP which received 88% of the vote. Most of the rest of the votes were given to local small right-wing parties (10.8%).[12]
In Stans about 75.2% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).[12]
The historical population is given in the following table:[8][13]
Year | Inhabitants | Swiss | Foreign |
---|---|---|---|
1970 | 5,445 | 5,022 | 423 |
1980 | 5,660 | 5,340 | 320 |
1990 | 6,171 | 5,697 | 474 |
1995 | 6,468 | 5,896 | 572 |
2000 | 6,914 | 6,349 | 665 |
2005 | 7,512 | 6,875 | 637 |
2006 | 7,556 | 6,936 | 620 |
2007 | 7,577 | 6,909 | 668 |
2008 | 7,784 | 7,050 | 734 |
Industry
Stans has an unemployment rate of 1.27%. As of 2005[update], there were 89 people (1.2%) employed in the primary economic sector and about 32 businesses involved in this sector. 2,463 people (34%) are employed in the secondary sector and there are 113 businesses in this sector. 4,601 people (65%) are employed in the tertiary sector, with 496 businesses in this sector.[7][12]
Transport
Stans is served by
Sights
Stanserhorn
The local mountain, the Stanserhorn (1,898 m (6,227 ft)) is also a tourist resort. It is accessible via one of the oldest mountain railways in Switzerland, the Stanserhornbahn (1893), and by cable car. The Stanserhornbahn was originally built as a rack and pinion railway, with three separate sections. In 1970 the upper section was destroyed by a fire following a lightning strike. In 1975 the destroyed upper section and the middle section were replaced by an aerial cable car. At the peak of the Stanserhorn is the Rondorama, a revolving restaurant that was built in 2001. From the peak of the Stanserhorn, on a clear day the view stretches nearly 100 km (62 mi) and includes 10 Swiss lakes and the Black Forest of Germany.[15] There is a short hiking trail around the peak of the Stanserhorn and a small population of Marmots are kept near the trail.[16]
Dorfplatz
Following the fire in 1713, the village square (Dorfplatz) was fully rebuilt, to its current unified appearance, in 1715 according to a plan by Josef Aebi and Ludwig Gassmann. The square now houses the Winkelried fountain and the sculpture Der Tod und das Mädchen (Death and the Maiden). The Winkelried monument was carved from Carrarain marble in Rome and then shipped by boat, rail and horse team to Stans in 1865.[17] The monument is in a Gothic Revival style and was carved by Ferdinand Schlöth. Death and the Maiden was done by Rudolf Brem.[18]
Parish church
The Parish church, St. Peter und Paul was built from 1641 until 1647 by the architect Jakob Berger. The church was constructed in an early-
Capuchin monastery
A Capuchin monastery was established in Stans in 1583 by Melchior Lussy, who had been sent to the Council of Trent. Initially there was resistance to the poverty, simple habits and beards of this order of Counter-Reformation monks.[17] In 1777 the monks opened a Latin school, which was suppressed from 1798 until 1803 under the Helvetic Republic. The Kollegium St. Fidelis was built by the monks in 1895 and purchased by the canton in 1988. The monastery church was built in 1683 and renovated in 1980.[18] In 1956 a memorial tablet to Melchoir Lussy was placed near the gate of the monastery.
Convent St. Klara
The Convent St. Klara was founded by Katharina and Maria Gut in 1618.
Winkelriedhaus
A portion of the Winkelriedhaus (Winkelried House) was once home to the Winkelried family, though Arnold von Winkelried (if he existed) did not live in it.
Salzmagazin
The Salzmagazin (lit. Salt storage house) was originally built to store grain and salt for the community in 1700. It has had many other uses since then including; a theater, a secondary school and finally a museum. The coat of arms of the builder and Landammann Nicolaus Keiser as well as two lions with the Nidwalden shield and two-header eagle are visible on the north gable.[20]
Statue of Deschwanden
In the front garden of the former Nidwaldner Kantonalbank is a monument by the Swiss sculptor August Stanser Blaesi (1903–1979) that was erected in memory of the local artist Melchior Paul von Deschwanden (1811–1881) in the autumn of 1933. Deschwanden was one of the most influential and productive religious painters of his time, trained in the Nazarene-style in Munich, Germany, who sent paintings to hang in Roman Catholic churches as far as Annapolis, Maryland and Covington, Kentucky. Amongst his pupils were Adalbert Baggenstos (1863–1897) from Stans, and the Swiss-born American portrait painter Adolfo Müller-Ury, in whose arms he died in February 1881.
Notable people
- Melchior Lussy (1529 in Stans – 1606), a Swiss Catholic statesman.[21]
- Melchior Paul von Deschwanden (1811 in Stans – 1881), religious painter
- Gustave Lussi (1898 in Stans – 1993), figure skating coach
- Hans von Matt (1899–1985), painter and sculptor, born and died in Stans
- Peter von Matt (born 1937), philologist and author, brought up in Stans
- Urs Odermatt (born 1955 in Stans), film director and author [22]
- Monika Hess (born 1964 in Stans), former alpine skier who competed in the 1984 Winter Olympics
- Bruno Amstad (born 1964 in Stans), singer in the field of improvisation and jazz
- Palmarian Catholic Church
- Rochus Lussi (born 1965 in Stans), artist and art teacher and an independent sculptor in woodwork
- Seppi Hurschler (born 1983 in Stans), Nordic combined skier who has competed in three Winter Olympics
- Nicole Riner (born 1990 in Stans), retired tennis player
- Ayla Huser (born 1992 in Stans), badminton player
- Zoël Amberg (born 1992 in Stans), professional racing driver
References
- ^ a b "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
- ^ Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See the documentation for details.
- ^ a b c d Stans Online-History (in German) accessed 21 May 2009
- ^ a b c d Flüeler (1982). Kulturführer Schweiz. Zurich, CH: Ex Libris Verlag AG. pp. 365–367. (in German)
- ^ Schwickerath, Robert (1911). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. .
- ^ Sowerby, J. (1892). The forest cantons of Switzerland: Lucerne, Schwyz, Uri, Unterwalden. Percival & Co. p. 36. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
The Forest Cantons of Switzerland.
- ^ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 18 May 2009
- ^ a b Stans City website-Numbers (in German) accessed 22 May 2009
- ^ "Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961-1990" (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009., the weather station elevation is 438 meters above sea level.
- ^ "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ^ Nidwalden Statistical Office-Population (in German) accessed 4 September 2009
- ^ a b c d Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 04-Sep-2009
- ^ a b Nidwalden Statistical Office-Municipalities (in German) accessed 4 September 2009
- ^ "Luzern–Stans–Engelberg" (PDF). Bundesamt für Verkehr. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
- ^ Description of the Rondorama accessed 22 May 2009
- ^ Stanserhorn - What to do accessed 22 May 2009
- ^ a b c d Stans City website-Cultural-historic tour by Ursula Flüeler (in German) accessed 26 May 2009
- ^ a b c d e Stans City website-Historic tours accessed 26 May 2009 (in German)
- ^ Nidwalder Museums-Winkelriedhaus (in German) accessed 27 May 2009
- ^ Nidwalder Museums-Salzmagazin (in German) accessed 27 May 2009
- ^ Meyer, Johann Georg (1910). . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9.
- ^ IMDb Database retrieved 05 March 2019
External links
- Official Page (in German)
- Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). pp. 782–783.